Crude catechins extracted from green tea had an ability of eliminating free radicals of active oxygen. The antioxidative activity of the catechins was 3.93 times higher than that of ascorbic acid. By adding 0.05% of the catechins to lard, the auto-oxidation induction phase of the lard was prolonged for 12 times, the peroxide value and the propanedialdehyde concentration were statistically lower at the level of P=0.01. In a model system of simulated stomach condition, the crude extract eliminated NaNO2 and inhibited the formation of N-nitroso compound's obviously, the elimination rate and the inhibition rate were 96.9% and 98.6%, respectively.Experiment in fowls showed that the extract could decrease the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride

The contents of protein, saccharides, ascorbic acid, and electrical potential, oxidation-reduction equivalent in 24 kinds of fresh vegetables and fruits were reported. The linear regression and correlation analysis were used to assess the relationship between health protection (nitrite eliminatin and antioxidation) and the nutrition characteristics of the materials. In a model system of simulated stomach condition, nitrite, one of the substrates for the formation of N-nitroso compounds, was efficiently eliminated by the active constituents of fresh vegetables and fruits. The correlation coefficient between the amount of eliminated nitrite and the antioxidative activity (inhibition rate of the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) was 0.5115 (p0.05) , respectively. It was shown that the synthetic oxidation-reduction characteristic of nutrition constituents in fresh vegetables and fruits may be the natural cause of long life and health protection.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents in traumatic brain injury patients, and it may lead to complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess, subdural hematoma or tension pneumocephalus. When misdiagnosed or inappropriately treated, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage may result in severe complications and may be life-threatening. Some traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage has concealed manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Due to different sites and mechanisms of trauma and degree of cerebrospinal fluid leak, treatments for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies greatly. Hence, the Craniocerebral Trauma Professional Group of Neurosurgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neurological Injury Professional Group of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage in adults ( version 2023)" based on existing clinical evidence and experience. The consensus consisted of 16 recommendations, covering the leakage diagnosis, localization, treatments, and intracranial infection prevention, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and improve the overall prognosis of the patients.