OBJECTIVE:To improve the effectiveness of experimental teaching and independent hands-on ability of the students.METHODS:Combined with teaching characteristics of newly established universities,the characteristics of instrumental analytical experiment teaching and the characteristics of pharmaceutical students,flipped classroom and project modular design were applied to instrumental analytical experiment teaching together.The instrumental analytical experiment teaching was expounded and integrated in respects of curriculum content design,teaching implementation and curriculum assessment.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The students achieve the knowledge learning after classroom,and complete the knowledge absorption and mastering in class with the help of video and audio information.It also improved independent learning ability of the students,strengthened the ability of interactive learning and cooperative leafing between teachers and students and among students.It is feasible to apply the flipped classroom and the experimental project modular design in the instrument analytical chemistry experiment teaching reform.This method also can provide some references for the reform of instrument analytical chemistry experiment teaching.

Background:Inflammation plays an important role in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI),and erythropoietin (EPO)has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. Aims:To explore the protective effect of EPO on intestinal IRI and its potential mechanism. Methods:Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group(sham group),IRI group,EPO group and 740Y-P group. Rats in IRI,EPO and 740Y-P groups were injected intraperitoneally with 0. 9% NaCl,EPO and EPO + 740Y-P,respectively,one hour before the establishment of intestinal IRI model by superior mesenteric artery clamping(45 min)-reperfusion. All rats were sacrificed one hour after reperfusion. Histopathological changes of small intestine were observed;expression of proteins in PI3K/ Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways was measured by Western blotting;expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)were examined by real-time PCR and ELISA. Results:Compared with sham group,the damage score of small intestine,protein expressions of PI3K,p-Akt and p-NF-κB p65,as well as mRNA expressions and serum levels of IL-8,TNF-α and MCP-1 in IRI group were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). EPO pretreatment could ameliorate the histopathological changes of small intestine in IRI model rats,inhibit PI3K/ Akt and NF-κB signaling activation and down-regulate expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. When 740Y-P,a PI3K agonist,was used combinedly,the effect exerted by EPO was diminished. Conclusions:EPO pretreatment can protect against intestinal IRI by inhibiting the activation of PI3K/ Akt/NF-κB signaling and the subsequent inflammatory response.

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of combined anterior and posterior approach and posterior median approach to treat O'Driscoll type III b fracture of ulnar coronoid process.Methods:A retrospective case control study was made on 67 patients with O'Driscoll type III b fracture of ulnar coronoid process treated in Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to January 2019, including 35 males and 32 females, aged from 21 to 61 years [(38.0±9.4)years]. Among them, 31 patients were treated with combined anterior and posterior approach for reduction and internal fixation (combined approach group), and 36 patients with median posterior elbow approach group for reduction and internal fixation (posterior elbow approach group). The operation time, amount of intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time were compared between groups. The visual analogue score (VAS), elbow joint range of motion and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) were assessed for pain and function evaluation at postoperative 1, 3, 6 months and at the last follow-up. The occurrence of complications were observed as well.Results:All patients were followed up for 12 to 28 months [(20.1±4.2)months]. There was no significant difference in operation time and VAS between the two groups ( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss [(133.6±20.3)ml] and fracture healing time [(12.3±1.7)months] in combined approach group were less or shorter than those in posterior elbow approach group [(144.4±22.1)ml, (13.2±2.0)months] ( P<0.05). The range of flexion and extension of elbow joint in combined approach group [(88.7±10.8)°, (111.1±13.9)°, (121.3±14.1)°, (127.1±13.3)°] was higher than that in posterior elbow approach group [(74.5±11.8)°, (97.6±12.6)°, (111.3±13.0)°, (115.2±12.7)°] at postoperative 1, 3, 6 months and at the last follow-up ( P<0.05). The MEPS in combined approach group [(31.7±8.6)points, (55.6±9.3)points, (84.6±10.5)points, (85.0±10.3)points] was higher than that in posterior elbow approach group [(27.2±8.2)points, (50.7±8.7)points, (77.4±11.2)points, (80.1±9.4)points] at postoperative 1, 3, 6 months and last follow-up ( P<0.05). The incidence of complications in combined approach group [10%(3/31)] was lower than that in posterior elbow approach group [31%(11/36)]( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the simple posterior elbow median approach, the combined anterior and posterior elbow approach for treatment of O'Driscoll type IIIb fracture of ulnar coronoid process has lower intraoperative blood loss, faster fracture healing, lower incidence of complications and better elbow function.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of totally robotic digestive tract reconstruction and modified right iliac auxiliary Trocar hole for specimen extraction in radical proctectomy.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 139 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to the Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital from June 2019 to January 2022 were collected. There were 81 males and 58 females, aged (64±15)years. All patients underwent radical proctectomy with totally robotic alimentary tract reconstruction and modified right iliac auxiliary Trocar hole for specimen extraction. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative situations; (2) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and count data were represented as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical and postoperative situations. All the 139 patients completed radical proctectomy with totally robotic alimentary tract reconstruction and modified right iliac auxiliary Trocar hole for specimen extraction successfully, without conversion to laparotomy, unplanned return to surgery or death. The length of surgical incision was (4.5±1.1)cm, operation time was (157±63)minutes, volume of intraoperative blood loss was (65±22)mL, time to postoperative first out-of-bed activities was (2.36±0.29)days, time to first flatus was (2.27±1.13)days, and time to first liquid diet was (2.90±1.12)days. The pain scores at postoperative day 1, 2, 4 were 2.34±1.07, 1.26±0.36, 0.10±0.06. The hospitalization time was (8.92±2.15)days. Results of postoperative pathological examination: the number of lymph nodes dissected was 18.1±2.3, the distal resection margin distance of tumor was (2.6±0.5)cm, and the proximal resection margin distance of tumor was (13.1±2.6)cm. The mesorectum of all specimens was intact, and the circumferential resection margin was negative. Of 139 patients, 1 case of incision fat liquefaction, 1 case of anastomotic leakage, 1 case of anastomotic bleeding, 1 case of intestinal obstruction after operation were discharged after treatment. There was no complication such as abdominal infection or hemorrhage, chylous leakage, abdominal infection. (2) Follow-up. All the 139 patients were followed up for 1 year after operation. No chronic infection of abdominal incision, incisional hernia, incisional tumor implantation, chronic incision pain, sexual dysfunction, dysuria or fecal incontinence were found during the 1-year follow-up.Conclusion:Totally robotic alimentary tract reconstruction and modified right iliac auxiliary Trocar hole for specimen extraction is safe and feasible in radical proctectomy, which has clinical application value.