Objective To establish an animal model of hepatic inflow occlusion with meso-caval shunt in Bama swines so as to evaluate the tolerance limit of normothermic hepatic inflow occlusion.Methods Eighteen Bama swines were divided into group A in which the hepatic blood inflow was occluded for 90 min and group B in which the hepatic blood inflow was blocked for 100 min.The animal survival rate,the changes of liver function and histopathology were observed.Results The animal survival rate was significantly higher in group A than group B(100% vs 44.4%,P

Objective To analyze the efficacy of umbilical one trocar laparoscopic appendectomy (UOTLA) in treatment of complicated appendicitis in children. Methods Clinical data of 78 cases of children patients with complicated appendicitis from January 2012 to October 2015 was summarized, including 44 cases as UOTLA group received umbilical one trocar laparoscopic appendectomy, 34 cases as OA group received open appendectomy. Then statistically analyzed all the patients' operation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative abdominal abscess, incision infection, early inflammatory intestinal obstruction and pain level. Results The laboratory test results of C reaction protein (CRP) had no significant difference between the two groups, while peripheral white blood cell count decreased more significantly in UOTLA group than that in OA group; the operation time of UOTLA group was shorter than that in OA group with no statistical difference [(66.59 ± 33.24) vs (72.86 ± 30.36) min, P > 0.05], but postoperative hospital stay was shorter [(8.21 ± 1.67) vs (9.21 ± 2.01) d, P < 0.05]. Abdominal abscess after operation: 3 cases in UOTLA group, while 1 case in OA group (P > 0.05); incision infection: 6 cases in UOTLA group, 9 cases in OA group (P > 0.05); early inflammatory intestinal obstruction: 1 cases in UOTLA group, 5 cases in OA group (P > 0.05); the pain level, postoperative recovery time was significantly shorter in UOTLA group compared with OA group (P < 0.05). The average expenses comparison of the two groups has no statistical difference [(10639.37 ± 2970.92) vs (10765.04 ± 2902.64) yuan, P > 0.05]. Conclusion UOTLA is safe and effective for complicated appendicitis in children due to minimally invasive, less pain and faster recovery without significant increase in the cost and postoperative complications. It can be applied in children with purulent, perforated appendicitis and gangrene, perforated appendicitis and other complicated appendicitis.

Objective To investigate the construction of Streptococcus mutans luxS gene knockout mutant which can act as the technical platform for following researches on luxS quorum sensing function in oral ecosystem.Methods Erythromycin resistance gene was inserted between two 1 kb fragments containing regions of DNA immediately upstream and downstream of the luxS translational start and stop codons.The resuhing construct was linearized and electro-transformed into Streptococcus mutans cells.After allelic exchange,the luxS gene knockout mutant strains were selected on 10μg/ml erythromycin plates,and compared the growth and biofilms formation of luxS knockout mutant with wild type strains.Results The luxSknockout mutant was confirmed by PCR,and it was also confirmed that this gene mutant could be stably passed through in vitro.The growth mode of luxS knockout mutant showed obvious difierences against that of wild type at stationary phase,the knockout mutant gained more bacteria cells growth.Conclusion Streptococcus mutans luxS gene has been successfully disrupted with allelic exchange.This mutant strains showed higher growth abilitv which could be the consequence of quorum sensing mutant.

Objective To screen for serum protein differentially expressed between women whose fetuses had congenital heart defects(CHD) and women who had normal fetuses. Methods Serum samples were collected from pregnant women whose fetuses had CHD and those whose fe?tuses had no CHD,including a CHD group of 40 women and a control group of 10 women. The CHD group included 4 subgroups as follows:tetralo?gy of Fallot,ventricular septal defects,persistent truncus arteriosus,and a mixture of relatively rare types of CHD(n=10 each). Samples in the same group were pooled to obtain equal amounts of proteins ,and the iTRAQ proteomic approach was used to identify and quantify the proteins dif?ferentially expressed among these groups. Results We successfully identified 606 proteins,among which 47 showed at least a 1.5?fold difference between the CHD and control groups. Among the 47 proteins,23 and 24 were upregulated and downregulated,respectively. Conclusion Several proteins associated with CHD could be identified by using the iTRAQ proteomic approach ,and various proteins were involved in the pathogenesis of CHD in this study.

Objective To determine the diagnostic value of double-phase enhancement and virtual endoscopy with multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) on clinical staging of preoperative bladder cancer.Methods Seventy-five patients with bladder cancer diagnosed by fibercystoscope or operation. All of them were examined by double-phase enhancement and virtual endoscopy with MSCT. The images were analyzed and clinical staging were obtained. The findings of MSCT (71 cases)were compared with the post-operative histopathological results. Results There were 94 lesions to be found. The staging of MSCT: T1 26 cases,T2, 27 cases, T2b 13 cases, T3 12 cases, T4 16 cases. Histopathological results: pT1 28 cases, pT2a 24 cases, pT2b 14 cases, pT3 12 cases, pT4 16 cases. The sensitivity of preoperative staging on bladder cancer was 89.4 % (84/94) by double-phase enhancement of MSCT;the sensitivity of virtual endoscopy was 96.6% (84/87)for polyploidy tumors and 90. 9 % (10/11) for sessile lesions. When double-phase enhancement and virtual images were evaluated together, the sensitivity rate increased to 94.5%. When the tumors were confined within the bladder wall (≤T2b), the diagnostic accuracy of double-phase enhancement and virtual images was 91.2% (51/56). When the tumors had invaded the tissues and organs beyond the bladder wall (≥T3), the accuracy was 100% (28/28). Conclusion Double-phase enhancement and virtual endoscopy of MSCT is of great value in clinical staging of bladder cancer.

Objective To obtain Chinese hamsterovary (CHO) cell line expressing human decay accelerating activity (hDAF) stably and to observe the protective effect of hDAF on heterologous cells under the circumstance of complement activation. Methods The eukaryotic expression vector DAF pcDNA3.1 was constructed and then transfected into CHO cells by lipofection. Monoclones of cells expressing hDAF stably were screened by the method of limiting dilution. hDAF expression was detected by flow cytometry. The decay accelerating activity of hDAF was determined by assay of C3 deposition and 51Cr release. Results The expression vector DAF pcDNA3.1 was successfully constructed, and monoclones of cells expressing hDAF were obtained. CHO cells expressing hDAF could decrease C3 deposition and attenuate the killing effect of activation of the complement system. Conclusion We have obtained CHO cell clones expressing hDAF stably, which is helpful for the further studies of the relationship of the structure with the functions of hDAF.

Objective To investigate the effect of Lokomat Robotic Gait Training System on motor, gait and range of motion (ROM) for stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods 80 stroke patients with hemiplegia were divided into treatment group (n=40) and control group (n=40). The control group accepted routine rehabilitation and the treatment group accepted robotic gain training. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment, gait parameter and ROM of hip and knee before training and after 10 weeks of treatment. Results There was no significant difference on all the index before treatment (P>0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group after training (P<0.05). Conclusion Lokomat Robotic Gait Training System intervention can promote the recovery of walking in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of hypoxia on the glycolysis in cultured rat hepatocytes.

METHODSMixed gas with different concentrations of O(2), CO(2) and N(2) was prepared for the in vitro culture of normal rat hepatocytes. The cell strains were set to be A, B, C groups, which were observed at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 hours after hypoxia with normal hepatocytes as the control. Biochemical methods were employed to determine the activities of the key enzymes during hepatocytic glycolysis such as hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the change of the content of lactic acid (LA) in the culture fluid.

RESULTS(1) The LDH activity of the rat hepatocytes increased significantly at all the time points of hypoxia in A and B groups when compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), while the activity increased obviously in C group since 2 hours after hypoxia (P < 0.05). (2) The HK activity of the cells in A group increased significantly at 1, 2, 4 and 16 hours after hypoxia and that in B and C groups increased obviously at 1 hour when compared with control group (P < 0.05). While the cellular PFK activity in A group increased markedly at 1 and 4 hours after hypoxia and that in B and C groups increased evidently at 4 hours after hypoxia (P < 0.05). The cellular PK activity in all the three groups increased at all the hypoxic time points (P < 0.05). (3) The cellular LA content in A and B groups began to increase since 2 hours and that in C group did so since 4 hours after hypoxia and increased along with the time lapse (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONhypoxia might initiate glycolysis.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Glycolysis ; Hepatocytes ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Hexokinase ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Phosphofructokinases ; metabolism ; Pyruvate Kinase ; metabolism ; Rats

Saponins are important components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with significant biological activities, which could be divided into triterpenoid saponins and steroidal saponins according to structures of the aglycone skeletons. This article reviews the in vivo metabolic pathways of some typical natural saponins such as ginsenosides, licorice saponins, saikosaponins, timosaponins and diosgenin glycosides. Saponins often show poor absorbance after oral administration. The in vivo metabolism of saponins generally contain two steps. These compounds usually undergo hydrolysis in stomach and gut. Then they are absorbed into blood and metabolized in liver. The secondary glycosides and the aglycones produced in gastrointestinal tract often show higher bioavailability and better bioactivity, while downstream metabolites in liver are mainly produced by phase I metabolism. Clarification of the in vivo metabolism of bioactive saponins is helpful for the understanding of the effective ingredients in TCM, as well as the discovery of new drugs from natural products.

According to the pathological characteristics of symptomatic chronic thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture (SCOVF), the different clinical treatment methods are selected, including vertebral augmentation, anterior-posterior fixation and fusion, posterior decompression fixation and fusion, and posterior correction osteotomy. However, there is still a lack of a unified understanding on how to choose appropriate treatment method for SCOVF. In order to reflect the new treatment concept and the evidence-based medicine progress of SCOVF in a timely manner and standardize its treatment, the clinical guideline for surgical treatment of SCOVF is formulated in compliance with the principle of scientificity, practicability and advancement and based on the level of evidence-based medicine.