Objective\ The adrenal gland is a linkage between nervous system and endocrine system.Its cortex results from mesoderm,and medulla derives from neuroectoderm.Searching its double characteristic of nervous and endocrine tissue is our aim. Methods\ Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining techniques were used,and immunostained sections were observed under a light microscopy. Results\ NPY positive neuron and nerve fiber,CGRP positive nerve fiber existed in adrenal cortex.NADPH d positive neuron and nerve fiber, c fos positive neuron and nerve fiber,CGRP positive nerve fiber,SP positive nerve fiber were detected in adrenal medulla.NADPH d positive cell,NPY positive cell,CGRP positive cell,SP positive cell were found among the adrenal chromaffin cells.The zona glomerulosa,zone fasciculata and zona reticularis were stained strongly by NADPH d in cortex. Conclusion\ The adrenal gland was innervated by NO ergic,NPY ergic,CGRP ergic,SP ergic, c fos ergic nerves.The adrenal parenchyma,especially chromaffin cells can produce NO,NPY,CGRP,SP which regulate adrenal endocrine by itself.The nervous control of adrenal function and neuroendocrine function of adrenal gland is more complex than hitherto believed.\;

Objective Our purpose is to explore the occurrence and distribution of glutamate and metabotropic glutamate receptor in earthworm, P. aspergillum and to analyze their function significance. Methods By employing immunocytochemistry tchnique, the positive cells of glutamate and metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR1, mGluR2/3, mGluR4 in earthworm, P. aspergillum were investigated under a light microscope. Results It was found that glutamate positive cells existed in cerebroganglion, subpharyngeal ganglion, ventral ganglion, neurons between muscle cells,intestinal epithelium and epidermis, that thin and dense glutamate positive fibers distributed in pharyngeal nerve cycle, subpharyngeal ganglion, ventral neurochain, that mGluR1 or mGluR4 positive neurons were detected in cerebroganglion and mGluR2/3 positive neurons weren't observed in earthworm. Conclusion During glutamate positive neurons, some possess remarkable processes and matured appearance from which glutamate positive fibers in pharyngeal nerve cycle, subpharyngeal ganglion, ventral neurochain derive, another have few branches, unmatured appearance in which glutamate doesn't serve as neurotransmitter acting to mGluR1 or mGluR4 of neurons in earthworm cerebroganglion.

Objective To evaluate the influence of lesion size and depth on the diagnostic accuracy and the rate of pneumothorax in patients undergone CT-guided transthoracic aspiration biopsy for pulmonary lesions.Methods CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy was performed in 398 patients that had surgical resection or clinical follow-up.According to lesion size,lesions were divided into≤2 cm,2～4 cm and ≥4 cm.Lesion depth was measured from the pleura surface to the edge of the lesion.This depth was classified in three categories:≤1 cm,1～3 cm and ≥3 cm.Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy and the frequency of pneumothorax in different size and depth of lesion was performed.Results(1)The overall diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy was 83.2%(331/398).Pneumothorax occurred in 58(14.6%)of 398 biopsy;(2)The diagnostic accurate rate in different size of lesion was 73.3%(44/60),81.5%(176/216)and 91.0%(111/122)respectively,?2=9.91,P0.05.The occurred rate of pneumothorax in different depth lesion was 2.8%(4/141),14.8%(21/142)and 28.7%(33/115),?2=34.03,P

A generator has been designed to generate simulating underpressure of blast wave and applied for the study of underpressure injuries on animals.The generator is composed of a vacuum pump,a hypotcnsive chamber,an experimental chamber,a membrane-rupturing device and a pressure-measuring system.Its operating principle is as follows:When the pressure of the hypotensive chamber is being decreased by the drawing of the vacuum pump to a given level .the membrane separating the hypotensive chamber and the experimental chamber is rapidly perforated by a sharp pointer.Underpressure occurs in the experimental chamber where the animal is fixed as soon as the pressure changes instantaneously.The range of the physical parameters of the simulated underpressure are -13 to -90 kPa for the peak level,1 ms to 90 ms for the decreasing time,and 14 ms to 2000 ms for the duration.Animal experimentation revealed that this device is capable of inflicting injuries and verified the possibility that the underpressure of blast waves can result in injuries.

Objective The determination of skeletal maturity is an important measure for selecting sports talent. The characteristics of skeletal development of hand and wrist in Chinese children were investigated in order to compare with overseas experiences. Methods The subjects were 16035 children, aged 2～18 years. The skeletal maturity of hand and wrist of the subjects was estimated by TW3 method and was compared with that of European, European North American and Japanese children. Results In comparison with European and American children, Chinese and Japanese children showed a similar patterns of skeletal maturation. The TW3-RUS skeletal maturity of Chinese children was retarded by 0.3～0.6 year in boys at the age of 8～12 and was very close to European and American in girls at the age of 5～10. Older than 12 years of age in boys and 10 years of age in girls, the TW3-RUS skeletal maturity of Chinese children accelerated and became advanced by 1.1～1.6 years in boys, by 1.2 years in girls. As compared with European and American children, the TW3-carpal maturity delayed by 0.3～0.6 year in Chinese boys at the age of 3～10 and by 0.2～0.4 year in Chinese girls at the age of 2～5. The TW3-carpal maturation accelerated after age of 10 in boys and age of 5 in girls. The age of complete maturity in all carpals was advanced by 1.4 year in boys and girls. Conclusion As compared with European and American children in 1970s-1990s, the delay of skeletal development of hand and wrist in Chinese children was not obvious in childhood, and the extent of advanced skeletal maturity and the age of advanced complete maturity of Chinese children are more evidently.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the diagnostic accuracy in CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic aspiration biopsy of lung lesions. Methods CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy was performed in 435 patients with surgical pathologic confirmation or clinical follow-up.Univariant statistical analysis and multivariant stepwise Logistic regression analysis were used to study the influence of lesion-related factors(benignancy or malignancy,size,location,depth,presence of cavity),procedure factors(laser-guidence,position of patient) and patient-related factors(sex,age,presence of emphysema);with the accuracy of the diagnosis. Results ① 289 lesions were diagnosed as malignant ones and 146 as benign ones.The accuracy of CT-guided biopsy was(83.4%)(363/435).Univariant analysis showed that the diagnostic accuracies for malignant and benign lesions were(88.9%)(257/289) and(72.6%)(106/146),respectively(?~2=(18.71),P=(0.00002)).Laser-group was superior to non-laser group((88.4%) versus(80.9%),respectively,?~2=(4.00),P=(0.0456)).Mean diameters of lesions in correct diagnostic group and non-correct diagnostic group were(3.78)?(1.64) cm and(3.02)?(1.26) cm,respectively((F=)(13.79),P=(0.0002)).②Multivariant stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that among the various factors influencing the final benign or malignant diagnoses(Wald ?~2=(14.01),P=(0.0002)) and using laser-guidence(Wald ?~2=(3.92),P=(0.0477)) were significantly associated with the diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions Final correct diagnoses(benign,malignant) are closely related to the application of laser-guidence for determining the diagnostic accuracy in CT-guided transcutaneous thoracic needle aspiration biopsy.

AIM: To establish a quick,accurate,sensitive method for analysis of theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for antitussive and antiasthmastics by UPLC-MS. METHODS: The UPLC-MS/MS method was used.Electrospay ionization(ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive and negative ion mode.Theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations were identified. RESULTS: Both theophylline and prednisone acetate were found in formulations. CONCLUSION: The method is selective and sensitive and can be used to detect the theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations.

Objective To comparative the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in placental tissues between premature delivery and term delivery,and to evaluate the significance of SOCS3 in premature-delivered placental tissues.Meth ods Retrospective analysis was made on 30 patients who had spontaneous premature delivery and 30 pregnant women with normal delivery from February 2013 to October 2013 in our hospital.Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of SOCS3,interferon-α(IFN-α),and interleukin-10 (IL-10).Western-blot was used to detect protein expression of SOCS3,and to analyze the balance of Th1/Th2.Results PCR detection showed that SOCS3-mRNA in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group (P ＜ 0.01).Western-blot test showed that SOCS3 protein expression in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group (P ＜ 0.01).The expression of SOCS3 gene was consistent with its protein expression.PCR detected the significant increase of IFN-α with the secretion of Th1 cytokine,significant decrease of IL-10 with secretion of Th2 cytokine (P ＜ 0.05),and the balance deviation of Th1/Th2 toward Th1.Conclusions SOCS3 is associated with premature delivery,which mechanism might be involved in regulation of the immune balance through janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways.

Objective To evaluate CT-guided pereutaneous biopsy and fine needle aspiration in diagnosing malignant musculoskeletal tumors. Methods CT-guided percutaneous biopsy and fine needle aspiration was performed in 106 cases with suspected musculoskeletal tumor. The pathological results obtained from biopsy specimens were compared with clinical final pathological diagnoses. Results All 106 cases were finally diagnosed as suffering from malignant musculoskeletal tumors, which were proved by operation and incisional biopsy. Of 106 cases receiving CT-guided percutaneous biopsy and needle aspiration, the pathologic diagnosis obtained from this procedure was consistent with the clinical final pathological diagnosis in 89 and was "negative" in 17, with an accuracy rate of 84.0%. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous biopsy and fine needle aspiration is a safe, simple and effective technique for the diagnosis of malignant musculoskeletal tumors, Incisional biopsy may be necessary when this procedure gives "negative" result.

Objective To investigate the effect of Livin expression on VSV-induced apoptsis of A549 cells.Methods The expression of Livin of A549 cells was inhibited by RNA interference.VSV-induced apoptosis of A549 cells was observed by Tunel assay.Protein Level of livin was detected by Western blot.Caspase-3 activity was detected by the fluorescence-based quantitative method.Results Livin downregulation VSV-induced apoptosis of A549 cells.Inhibited the expression of Livin of A549 cells had increased Caspase-3 activity.Conclusion The effect of Livin on VSV-induced apoptotic of A549 cells could be increased by RNA interference.