Micrometastasis are frequently accompanied by the majority of cases of invasive malignant tumor, being a compacted relationship with the prognosis of patients. We should pay more attentions to the occurrence of micrometastasis in the diagnosis and management of carcinoma of urinary bladder, which is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in urinary system and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.This article introduces the diachronic concept of micrometastasis and the major methods for the detections of micrometastasis, moreover,it reviews recent advances about the detection of micrometastasis in bladder cancer, and about the benefits that patients of the disease might have received in the treatment of micrometastasis.

Objective To explore the expression levels of HIF-1 α and MUC5AC,MUC5B mRNA in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) and their correlation.Methods Eighty cases of CRS with nasal polyps(CRSwNP) treated in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2015,80 cases of CRS without NP(CRSsNP) and 80 healthy people without CRS(control group) were chosen.Nasal sinus mucosa in 3 groups were collected and treated.The expressions of HIF-1 α,MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA were measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and their correlations were analyzed.Results The relative expression levels of HIF-1 α,MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA in the CRSwNP group or CRSsNP group were 1.35±0.85,1.35±0.91;0.80±0.55,0.79±0.49 and 1.18±1.01,1.21±1.02 respectively,while which in the control group were 0.42±0.33,0.43±0.36 and 0.47±0.43 respectively,the difference between the CRS groups and control group was statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression of HIF-1αin the CRSwNP group and CRSsNP group was positively correlated with MUC5AC,MUC 5B mRNA(r=0.476,P=0.023,r=0.476,P=0.026,r=0.478,P=0.035,r=0.508,P=0.021).The ROC analysis results showed AUC=0.956 4.Conclusion The expression levels of HIF-1α and MUC5AC,MUC5B mRNA in chronic rhinosinusitis are significantly upregulated,moreover HIF-1α is closely related with MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA.

AIM: To establish the HPLC method for determinating syringin and betaine in Qianglining Tablet(Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis Acanthopanacis senticosi,Fructus Lycii). METHODS: A Hypersil C_18 column was used for the determination of syringin.The mobile phase for syringin was methanol-0.1 mol/L acetic acid (24∶76),and the detection wavelength was at 270 nm.A Hypersil NH_2 column was used for the determination of betaine.The mobile phase for betaine was acetonitrile-water(25∶75),and ELS detector was used. RESULTS: The linear range of syringin and betaine were 0.121 6-0.608 0 ?g(r=0.999 9) and 0.660 8-3.964 8 ?g(r=0.999 1),respectively.The average recoveries of syringin and betaine were 99.09%(RSD=2.13%) and 96.34%(RSD=1.31%),respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Qianglining Tablet.

Objective:To explore the application of data mining in the literature study on acupuncture treatment Of headache,and to summarize the laws between TCM pattern identification of headache and acupoint selection,acupoint combination.Methods:In the study of the clinical literature about acupuncture treatment for headache,published domestically from 1950 to 2008,the number and frequency of the acupoints in the literature,and the selecting laws and frequency of the main acupoints in pattern identification,and the meridian-tropism relationship between the main acupoints and combined acupoints,and the distributing rules of commonly used acupoints on the body surface were investigated by frequency-analyzing method.Resuits:The main acupoints in acupuncture treatment of headache ale primarily the acupoints on the head and specific acupoints from yang meridians,with the acupoints combined in accordance with pattern identification by meridian theory for different paaerns.Conclusion:By analyzing the laws of acupoint selection in the acupuncture treatment of headache with data mining,its new laws can be obtained.

The appearance and changes of Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) in the brains of 62 rats from early embryos to adults were studied by histochemical method and the brains of 19 rats of corresponding stages were examined with Nissl stain. The main results are as follows:1. AChE appeared in the following sequence: spinal cord, myelencephalon, metencephalon, mesencephalon, diencephalon and finally in telencephalon. In telencephaIon, AChE appeared earlier in paleocortex than in neocortex. The sequence described above showed that the appearance of AChE reflects cephalization of the nervous system in the rat.2. AChE-positive neurons of the rat brain consisted of cholinergic neurons and cholinoceptive ceils, both of which are related to the neurotransmitter ACh.3. The following nuclei of adult rat brain were shown to be AchE-positive in our specimens, but had not been reported in available literature: n. tractus mesencephali, n. anterior dorsalis thalami, n. anterior ventralis thalami, n. lateralis thalami, n. habenulae lateralis, n. reticularis thalami, n. supraopticus, n. paraventricularis, n. parafascicularis and n. ruber. In the cerebral cortex very few positive cells have been noticed.

AIM: To establish a quick,accurate,sensitive method for analysis of theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for antitussive and antiasthmastics by UPLC-MS. METHODS: The UPLC-MS/MS method was used.Electrospay ionization(ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive and negative ion mode.Theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations were identified. RESULTS: Both theophylline and prednisone acetate were found in formulations. CONCLUSION: The method is selective and sensitive and can be used to detect the theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations.

Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) for pediatric upper urinary tract calculi. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 35 pediatric patients with upper urinary tract stones treated by MPCNL in our hospital. The series consists of 29 boys and 6 girls with a mean age of 8.5 years (4 to 13 years). Among the 35 cases,7 children had proximal ureteral stones and 28 showed renal stones; 2 of the patients were complicated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ). Results Totally 31 (88.6%) of the 35 cases were cured by MPCNL. The one-session success rate was 87.1% (27/31),and two-session success rate was 75% (3/4). Four patients were converted to open surgery because of UPJ-caused ureteral stenosis under the level of the calculi or failure in percutaneous renal puncture. Conclusion MPCNL is safe and effective for renal calculi and proximal ureteral calculi in children.

Objective To observe the prognosis 90 days after attack and the correlation among various risk factors in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods The data of 90 days follow up and related risk factors of 61 patients clinically diagnosed with TIA were analyzed.We also compared the prognosis of those patients according to the change on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Results The incidence of various kinds of severe vascular events in 61 patients within 90 days was 16.4% (10/61). Among the patients with abnormal change on DWI, the incidence was 50% (8/16). However the incidence was 4.7% (2/43) in the patients with normal DWI. There was a statistical difference between the two groups (P

Objective To evaluate the the safety and efficiency of precise liver resection for patients with primary liver cancer. Methods 86 patients with primary liver cancer were randomized to receive conventional routine hepatectomy (n=44) or the precise liver resection (n=42). Outcomes were compared between the precise hepatectomy group and the routine group, including, the blood loss, operation time, morbidity and mortality. Results There were significant differences in morbidity rates (7.1% vs. 20.5%; P<0.001), the blood loss [(320±315) ml vs. (613±526) ml;P<0.001) , postoperative alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value (in postoperation 7 d, 82.7 U/L vs.321.7 U/L; P<0.001) and length of hospital stay (12.3 d vs. 18.6 d; P<0.001) between precise hepatectomy and routine groups. The 1 year tumor recurrence rate and 1 year survival rate were 26.2%(11/42) and 78.6% (33/42) in precise liver resection group, 38.6% (17/44) and 65.9%(29/44) in routine liver resection group,with significant difference (P=0.010;P=0.018). Conclusion Precise liver resection is safe and effective in the treatment of liver tumor without much injury to patients.

AIM:To establish a method for determing loganin and paeonol in Liuwei Dihuang Granules(Radix Rehmannial praeparata,Fructus Corni,Cortex Moutan,Rhizoma Dioscoreae,etc.).METHODS:Loganin was determined using acetonitrile-water(15∶85) as the mobile phase with UV detection at 236 nm,and paeonol was determined using methanol-water(70∶30) as the mobile phase with UV detection at 274 nm by HPLC with Diamonsil C_ 18(150 mm?4.6 mm,3 ?m) column.RESULTS:The linear ranges of loganin and paeonol were in the ranges of 2.34-234 ?g/mL(r=0.999 99),7.07-141.40 ?g/mL(r=0.999 6),respectively.The average recoveries of loganin and paeonol were 100.06%,95.75% with RSD of 3.10%,0.65%,respectively.CONCLUSION:This method is simple,accurate,reproducible and can be used for determining loganin and paeonol in Liuwei Dihuang Granules.