Purpose To explore the change of autophagy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and its relationship with XIAP expression in breast cancer tissues.Method The expression of p62 and XIAP was detected by immunohistochemistry of EnVision two-step in 94 cases of breast carcinoma before and after NCT.The changes of p62 and XIAP expression after NCT were observed and their correlation was also analyzed.Results High expression rate of p62 and XIAP was 51.1％ (48/94)and 84.0％ (79/94) respectively in breast cancer tissues before NCT.The high expression rate of p62 was increased to 81.9％ (77/94) and that of XIAP was reduced to 35.1％ (33/94) in breast cancer tissues after NCT.The high expression rate of p62 was significantly increased while that of XIAP was significantly decreased after NCT (P both ＜ 0.05).The sample rate of increased expression of p62 and decreased expression of XIAP was 73.4％ and 75.5％ after NCT respectively.Furthermore,the change of p62 expression was significantly negatively correlated with the change of XIAP (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Suppression of XIAP and increased autophagic activity coexist in breast cancer after NCT,and XIAP may be involved in the negative regulation of enhanced autophagy.

Purpose To explore the expression of two epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators,Sry-related high mobility group box 4 (SOX4) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2),in breast cancer tissues and their clinicopathologic significances.Methods The expression of SOX4 and EZH2 was detected by immunohistochemistry of EnVision twostep in paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 241 cases of breast cancer and 126 cases of paracancerous breast tissues.The relationship between their expression and clinicopathologic characteristics was statistically analyzed,and their correlation was also analyzed.Results In breast cancer tissues and paracancerous breast tissues,the high expression rates of SOX4 were 82.2％ and 57.1％ respectively,while the high expression rates of EZH2 were 80.1％ and 47.6％ respectively.Their expression in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in paracancerous breast tissues (P ＜ 0.05).High SOX4 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis,high TNM stage,and overexpression of HER-2 (P ＜ 0.05),while high EZH2 expression was correlated with high histological grade,lymph node metastasis,ER negativity,EGFR positivity and high poliferation index of Ki67 (P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between SOX4 and EZH2 expression in breast cancer tissues (rs =0.256,P ＜0.001).Conclusion EMT regulators SOX4 and EZH2 might be responsible for the metastasis of breast cancer,which are upregulated in breast cancer tissues.They may act as potential biomarkers to predict the metastasis of breast cancer.

To investigate the expression of CMaf inducing protein(CMIP) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and polyps tissues,and to analyze their association with clinicopathological parameters and survival of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Real-time PCR assay was used to detect the expression of CMIP mRNA in 28 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 23 cases of polyp fresh tissue specimen.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of CMIP in 86 cases of formalin-fixed and parrffin-embedded laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 29 cases of polyp tissue specimens.The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of CMIP expression was investigated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Results The expression of CMIP mRNA and protein was both significantly increased in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma compared with polyp tissue specimens.The expression of CMIP was significantly associated with tumor lymph node metastasis and late clinical stage of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Furthermore,the expression of CMIP was significantly correlated with poor relapse-free survival and overall survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion CMIP might play an important role in the development and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and increased expression of CMIP might imply disease progression and poor outcome in patient with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose To detect the expression profile of microRNAs ( miRNAs) in human breast cancer cells BT474 and BT474/ siR-NA HER-2, and to screen out miRNA expression profile related to HER-2. Methods RNA interference was used to inhibit HER-2 expression in human breast cancer line BT474. The expression profile of miRNAs was detected by miRNA microarray technique. Re-sults According to discrepancy power >2. 0 and P value<0. 05, there were 338 miRNAs related to HER-2, including 110 up-regu-lated and 228 down-regulated miRNAs. Conclusion miRNA microarrays can detect the differentially expressed miRNAs in human breast cancer BT474 cells with different level of HER-2. The miRNAs related to HER-2 which play a role in breast cancer should be found after further analysis.

Objective To investigate the expression of FSCN1 mRNA in breast carcinoma and benign breast diseases and its relationship to clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. Methods Sixty-three cases of breast cancer and thirty cases of benign breast diseases were analyzed by in situ hybridization. Results The expression rates of FSCN1 mRNA in breast cancer tissue and benign breast lesions were 65.1% and 90.0% , respectively (P < 0.05). No relation was found between the expression of FSCN1 mRNA and histopathologic grading, ER, PR, karyokinesis figure, patients′ age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and c-erbB-2 expression in breast cancer. Survival rates of breast cancer patients with carcinoma expressing FSCN1 mRNA were 92.3% , while those patients with tumors which was negative for FSCN1 mRNA were 82.2%, but there was no significance difference. A significant correlation was observed between FSCN1 mRNA and its protein expression (rs = 0.315, P < 0.05). Conclusion FSCN1 is downregulated in breast carcinoma which may be associated with breast carcinogenesis.

Objective To develop a kind of tissue microarray (TMA) for the teaching of pathological experiment. Methods A series of human normal tissues from heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, etc as well as their matched disease tissues were collected and made into TMA parraffin blocks by tissue chip instrument. After section, the slides were stained by hematoxylin-eosin staining and covered by the coverslips which were marked with serial columns and rows. Results All the specimens were arranged in good order on TMA paraffin block and the slides were stained clearly. And the location of each specimen was marked distinctively on TMA slides. Conclusions Compared with classical tissue slides, the TMA slides for the teaching of pathological experiment have many advantages such as good compare, easy memorizing, low expend and simple making. Take together, the TMA for teaching might have a good perspective for application in the future.

Purpose To investigate the expression of miR-134 in breast carcinoma and its c1inica1 significance,and to ana1yze the as-sociation between its expression with bio-markers of epithe1ia1-mesenchyma1 transition( EMT). Methods The expression of miR-134 in 97 breast cancer samp1es was detected by in situ hybridization and the expression of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,and vimentin was de-tected by MaxVision two-step method of immunohistochemistry,to ana1yze the re1ationship between their expression and c1inicopatho1og-ica1 characteristics. Results The expression of miR-134 in breast cancer was negative1y associated with higher histo1ogica1 grade, HER-2 overexpression,1ow expression of E-cadherin as we11 as high expression of N-cadherin and vimentin. Both 1ow-expression of E-cadherin and up-expression of N-cadherin and vimentin in breast cancer were positive1y corre1ated with higher histo1ogica1 grade,1ymph node invo1vement and HER-2 overexpression,whi1e negative1y associated with the expression of ER and PR. Conclusion The expres-sion of miR-134 in breast cancer tissue is negative1y re1ated to both the ma1ignant progression and EMT,indicating that it might be a potentia1 bio-marker for breast cancer.

Purpose To investigate the expression and clinical significance of the cell cycle inhibitors p16 protein and specific recogni-tion of viral replication intermediate TLR3 in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN) and cervical invasive carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical stain was used to detect the expressions of p16 and TLR3 in 19 cases of normal cervical epithelium ( NCE) , 62 cases of CIN, and 17 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Results The positive rates of p16 protein were 0, 72. 5%and 100% in NCE, CIN and SCC respectively in which the difference among those groups were statistically significant ( P<0. 01 ) . Similarly, the positive rates of TLR3 protein were 26. 3%, 87% and 100% in NCE, CIN and SCC respectively and the difference a-mong those groups was significant (P<0. 01). Furthermore, there was a significant and positive correlation between the expression of p16 and TLR3 (rs =0. 538, P<0. 01). Conclusion Increased expression is observed in CIN and SCC compared with NCE and the expression of p16 and TLR3 is associated with level of CIN. Those could provide certain experiment basis for the pathologica diagnosis of early cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the morphological features of reproductive system of adult Schistosoma japonicum under an optical microscope.Methods Adult schistosomes were obtained from infected mice with cercariae shedding from Oncomelania snails.The adult worms fixed with 10% formalin,dehydrated,imbedded in paraffin,cut at 3 ?m thick,stained by HE staining and then observed under an optical microscope.Results The reproductive organs of adult Schistosoma japonicum such as testicle,ovary,fallopian tube,vitellarium,yolk duct and hystera were displayed distinctly and typically.Conclusions The morphological features of reproductive system of adult Schistosoma japonicum are distinct and typical by using routine pathological techniques preparing and HE staining,which establishes a morphological foundation for the morphological teaching of schistosomes and reproductive biology research.

Purpose To investigate the expression of RNF2 in breast disease tissues and cell lines,and to analyze the association between expression of RNF2 and clinicopathological characteristics in breast carcinoma.Methods Expression of RNF2 protein and mRNA levels was detected using immunohistochemistry of EnVision two-step and qRT-PCR in breast carcinoma and benign breast disease as well as in cell lines.Results RNF2 expression was sigmificantly higher in breast carcinoma tissue specimens compared with benign breast disease specimens (P ＜0.05).Besides,the expression of RNF2 protein was significantly associated to tumor size,lymph node status and TNM stage (P ＜ 0.05 for both),but was not related to age,histological grade,the expression of ER,PR and HER-2 (P ＞ 0.05 for both).Higher expression of RNF2 mRNA was detected in breast carcinoma cell lines compared with breast epithelial cell lines (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion RNF2 is overexpressed in breast carcinoma and can be a potential therapeutic target for breast carcinoma.