Objective To explore the preventive effect of Cefradine plus heparin sealing catheters on central center venous (CVC)catheter-related infections.Methods One hundred and twelve patients with central venous catheter were randomly divided into control group(n=57)and intervention group(n=55).In the control group,heparin sodium was used to seal the catheters and in the intervention group Cefradine plus heparin were used.The two groups were compared in terms of central venous catheter(CVC)-related infections.Results The CVC-related infection rates are 12.28%and 0%in the control and intervention groups respectively, with statistical difference between them(P<0.01).Conclusions Cefazodine and heparin used to seal the catheters in the treatment of patients with central venous catheter can effectively reduce incidence of catheter-related infections.

Objective:To investigate the percutaneous permeability of sinomenine hydrochloride （SNH） and optimize the parameters of electroporation to achieve the best permeation enhancing effect on SNH. Method:The percutaneous permeability of SNH and the enhancement effect of electroporation were studied by in vitro diffusion cell method， and the enhancement effect of electroporation was further evaluated by in vivo study in mice. Result:Under steady-state condition， the permeation rates of SNH in stripped skin and intact skin of hairless mice were （385.81±12.88）， （0.88±0.20） μg·cm^-2·h^-1， respectively. The permeation rate in stripped skin was 438 times higher than that in intact skin. The results of percutaneous permeation kinetics analysis showed that the solubility and diffusion coefficient of SNH in stratum corneum were relatively low， which were （70.82±9.63）×10³ g·m^-3 and （3.07±1.52）×10^-14 cm²·s^-1， respectively. Under the optimized electroporation conditions （voltage of 72 V， time of 60 min）， the 24 h cumulative permeation amount of SNH through skin of mice was （10 008.39±1 961.57） μg·cm^-2， and the steady-state permeation rate was （456.01±51.26） μg·cm^-2·h^-1， which were 5.4 times and 5.1 times higher than those of blank group， respectively. In vivo studies in mice showed that the contents of SNH in skin and muscle of electroporation group were 2.0 times and 1.5 times higher than those of blank group. Conclusion:The low solubility and low diffusion coefficient of SNH in the stratum corneum are the main factors hindering the percutaneous permeation of SNH. Electroporation can significantly increase the percutaneous permeation of SNH and its retention in skin and muscle of mice.

The widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical settings has enabled testing, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic diseases. However, many issues have arisen in the meanwhile. One of the most pressing issues is the lack of standards for reporting genetic test results across different service providers. The First Forum on Standards and Specifications for Clinical Genetic Testing was held to address the issue in Shenzhen, China, on October 28, 2017. Participants, including geneticists, clinicians, and representatives of genetic testing service providers, discussed problems of clinical genetic testing services across in China and shared opinions on principles, challenges, and standards for reporting clinical genetic test results. Here we summarize expert opinions presented at the seminar and report the consensus, which will serve as a basis for the development of standards and guidelines for reporting of clinical genetic testing results, in order to promote the standardization and regulation of genetic testing services in China.