Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of methamphetamine (MA) dependence and the repairment of DA neuronal function by SPECT corpus striatum DAT visual digital neural molecular imaging techniques.Methods 25 MA dependent patients (BPRS score ≥ 35) were treated by self-designed treatment program for more than 6 months.The clinical therapeutic effects were scored with reducing rate of BPRS.MA dependent patients were examined by SPECT corpus striatum DAT imaging before and after treatment,while healthy volunteers were examined only once.The SPECT corpus striatum DAT images were analyzed visually and quantitatively.Results The reducing rate of BPRS showed that the total effective rate was 80.0％.Visual analysis of SPECT corpus striatum DAT images showed that the distribution of DAT in the corpus striatum was regionally reduced or defected in various degrees before treatment,and was significantly increased after treatment.Quantitative analysis showed that the bilateral striatal V ((19.26 ± 2.85) cm3),m((20.22±2.99) g) and Ra(4.78±0.79) ％) of MA dependent patients were significantly lower compared with those of the healthy volunteers(respectively (35.39±4.42) cm3,(37.16±4.64) g and (7.93± 0.86) ％) (all P＜ 0.01) before treatment and were significantly improved (P＜ 0.01) after treatment (V:(22.80±4.28) cm3,m:(23.93± 4.49) g and Ra:(5.64 ± 0.99) ％) with a 76.0％ corpus striatum DAT improvement rate.However,the bilateral striatal V,m and Ra of MA dependent patients after treatment were still lower than those of the healthy volunteers (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between the striatal DAT improvement rate and the BPRS reduction rate (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion SPECT corpus striatum DAT visual digital neural molecular imaging techniques are reliable in the evaluation of the treatment programs for MA dependence and the repair of DA neuronal function.

Objective To explore the variation in the gene mutation patterns and risk factors of HBV polymerase region (P) in chronic viral hepatitis (CHB) patients with nucleoside analogues therapy.Methods A total of 108 chronic hepatitis B patients with viral breakthrough after the treatment of nucleoside analogues were selected as the study subjects.The PCR product direct sequencing method was used to analyze the genetic variation of HBV P region.Results Among 108 cases,69 cases were detected by gene drug resistance,and the mutation type amount to 12,among which rtM204I was the most common (30.4％),and the second was rtL180M/rtM204I combined mutation (13％).The proportion of the major nucleoside analogues resistance highest proportion of lamivudine was 62.3％,followed by adefovir dipivoxil (21.7％) and telbivudine (15.9％).There were 33 cases with a single site mutation,29 cases with two sites mutation and 7 cases with three and above sites mutation.In the 7 cases,1 case was treated with lamivudine,1 case with entecavir,and the remaining 5 cases with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.Conclusion The amino acid of HBV P gene resistant mutation is complex and varied,and rtM204V/I mutation is the most common type.Three and above sites mutation is associated with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.

Objective To explore the variation in the gene mutation patterns and risk factors of HBV polymerase region (P) in chronic viral hepatitis (CHB) patients with nucleoside analogues therapy.Methods A total of 108 chronic hepatitis B patients with viral breakthrough after the treatment of nucleoside analogues were selected as the study subjects.The PCR product direct sequencing method was used to analyze the genetic variation of HBV P region.Results Among 108 cases,69 cases were detected by gene drug resistance,and the mutation type amount to 12,among which rtM204I was the most common (30.4％),and the second was rtL180M/rtM204I combined mutation (13％).The proportion of the major nucleoside analogues resistance highest proportion of lamivudine was 62.3％,followed by adefovir dipivoxil (21.7％) and telbivudine (15.9％).There were 33 cases with a single site mutation,29 cases with two sites mutation and 7 cases with three and above sites mutation.In the 7 cases,1 case was treated with lamivudine,1 case with entecavir,and the remaining 5 cases with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.Conclusion The amino acid of HBV P gene resistant mutation is complex and varied,and rtM204V/I mutation is the most common type.Three and above sites mutation is associated with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety following the topical application of pazufloxacin mesylate eye drops with levofloxacin eye drops (LOFX) for bacterial conjunctivitis.Methods A multicenter,randomized,investigator-masked,parallel-controlled clinical trial was performed.Five hundred and twenty eyes of 520 patients with bacterial conjunctivitis were enrolled from March to October 2008 in seven ophthalmic centers in China.The patients were randomized into trial group and control group in 3 ∶ 1 ratio with the 390 eyes in the trial group and 130 eyes in the control group.Pazufloxacin mesylate eye drops was topically used 4 times per day for consecutively 7-14 days in the trial group,and levofloxacin eye drops was used in the same way in the control group.Microbiological cultures for conjunctiva sac secretions and drug sensitive test were carried out before and at the end of the administration of eye drops.The signs and symptoms were observed and scored before treatment and 0,3,7 and 14days after treatment.The adverse events following the administration of the eye drops were evaluated and compared.Results The intention to treat analysis (ITT) showed that the cure rate was 59.38％ in the trial group and 60.47％ in the control group,with the effective rate 88.80％ and 86.05％,respectively,with an insignificant difference between the two groups (x2 =0.12,P =0.72).The clinically evaluable analysis (CE) exhibited that the cure rates were 63.48％ in the trial group and 63.87％ in the control group,with the effective rate 92.46％ and 88.24％,whichwas not significantly different between them (x2 =0.54,P=0.46).The modified-ITT analysis (mITT) showed that the cure rates were 60.57％ in the trial group and 62.07％ in the control group,with the effective rate 90.32％ and 88.51％,without significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).Based on microbiologically evaluable analysis (ME),the clinical cure rates were 63.71％ and 63.41％ in the trial group and control group,and the effective rates were 93.44％ and 90.24％,respectively.There was no significantly difference between the both groups (P＞0.05).In the trial group and control group,the bacterial eradication rate was 89.42％ and 90.80％ based on ITT,90.11％ and 92.77％ based on CE,respectively.There was no significant difference in incidences of adverse events following the administration of the drug between the trial group and control group,including ocular tolerance,burning sensation,pricking and itching (P =0.34).Conclusions The effectiveness and adverse response were resemble between Pazufloxacin mesylate eye drops and LOFV following the topical application for bacterial conjunctivitis,which indicate that Pazufloxacin mesylate eye drops is effective and safe.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma(UC). However, the use of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, corticosteroids, beta-blockers, metformin, and statin concomitant medications in some patients due to complications during the treatment process may affect the clinical efficacy of ICIs through different pathway, making it difficult for patients to derive clinical benefit or making it more likely to develop drug resistance. In this paper, we present a review of the effects of the above concomitant drugs on ICIs in the treatment of patients with advanced UC, with a view to provide reference for the application of individualized treatment strategies of ICIs in patients with advanced UC.