32 cases of children small cerebral abscess di-agnosed with CT scaning are reported. The maxi-mum diameter of the enhancement area was 2. 2cm. 29 cases did not give a history of infection. In30 cases, Epileptic seizures were usually the Initialand main symptoms, but local neurological signswere usually absent. All of the cases were treatedby antibiotic therapy. The duration of the therapyin most childhood patients was 2～3 months exceptthree who were over 3 months.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and possible mechanism of the multiple sclerosis (MS) combined with uveitis Methods Two cases of MS combined with uveitis were clinically observed by electro physiological, brain MRI and oligoclonic band (OB) examinations,the cases were analyzed and subjected to assessment Results Case1, a 56-year-old man had symptoms of one month′s numbness and twenty-day sudden decrease of visual acuity Viusal evoked potential (VEP)showed a postponed latent period of bilateral P100 waves Brain MRI showed multifocal T 2 Wight Image high signs in subcortical white matter of frontal and parietal lobes OB was postive Case 2: a 35-year-old woman, had recurrence of decrease of visual acuity of bilateral both eyes for 12 months and bilateral lower-limbs numbness Latent period of VEP P100 waves and BAEP I-V waves were postponed Brain MRI showed multifocal round-like T 2 Wight Image high signs in white matter of frontal and parietal lobes OB was postive Referring to the essay reported ,MS combined with uveitis was moetly moderate in manifestations Their causes were uncertain It is suggested that MS is not due to auto-antigen but due to S100-? protein derived from star-like cells Conclusion MS combined with uveitis ,unlike other one ,was clinically moderate and the pathological mechanism is unclear It is suggested that autoantigen such as S100-? protein derived from star-like cell results in MS and uveitis, not in MBP

Objective To investigate the correlation between diabetes and brainstem infarction. Methods The diagnozed patients with acute cerebral infarction were recruited in the study. Firstly, they were divided into brainstem infarction group and non-brainstem infarction group, and then they were redivided into brainstem infarction with diabetes, brainstem infarction without diabetes, non-brainstem infarction with diabetes and non-brainstem infarction without diabetes groups according to whether they had diabetes or not. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid atherosclerosis were detected and identified with Doppler ultrasound; brain stem infarction and its location were identified with diffusion-weighted imaging; basilar artery atherosclerosis was detected with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the different risk factors impacting brainstem infarction. Neurological deficit was evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)scores. Results A total of 286 patients with acute cerebral infarction were recruited: brain stem infarction in 63, and 34 of them with diabetes; non-brain stem infarction in 223, and 77 of them with diabetes. The proportions of diabetes (54. 0％ vs. 34. 5%, x2 = 7. 816, P = 0. 005),previous cerebral infarction (38. 1％ vs. 24. 2％ ,x2 =4. 771, P =0. 029), basilar artery atherosclerosis (73.0％ vs. 57. 4％,x2 =5. 028, P =0. 025), as wall as the levels of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (7. 30 ± 2. 42％ vs. 6. 46 ± 1.82％, t = - 2. 531, P = 0. 011 ) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (0. 97 ± 0. 33 mmol/L vs. 0. 90 ± 0. 34 mmol/L, t =-2. 180, P = 0. 029) in the brainstem infarction group were significantly higher than those in the non-brainstem infarction group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes (odds ratio [ OR] 2. 150, 95％confidence interval [ CI] 1. 214-3. 808; P =0. 009) and previous cerebral infarction (OR 1. 835, 95％ CI 1.004-3. 352, P = 0. 048) were the independent risk factors for brainstem infarction. There were significant differences in the levels of HbA1c (P ＜ 0. 001 ), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P ＜0. 001), ApoB (P =0. 007) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P =0. 018) as well as the proportion of basilar artery atherosclerosis (P = 0. 001 ) among the brainstem infarction with diabetes, without diabetes, non-brainstem infarction with diabetes and without diabetes groups. The levels of HbA1c (8. 81 ±2. 36％), FBG (8. 23 ±3. 12 mmol/L andApoB (1.04 ± 0. 41 mmol/L) as well as the proportion of basilar artery atherosclerosis (85. 3％ )were the highest in the brainstem infarction with diabetes group. Conclusions Diabetes is closely associated with brainstem infarction. Diabetes is more likely to result in pontine infarction.

Objective To analyze the relationship between diabetics and the onset, clinical outcomes and prognosis of brainstem infarction, and to evaluate the impact of diabetes on brainstem infarction. Method Compare 172 cases of acute brainstem infarction in patients with or without diabetes.Analyze the associated risk factors of patients with brain-stem infarction in diabetics by multi-variate logistic regression analysis. Compare the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankin scale (mRS) Score, pathogenetic condition and the outcome of the two groups in different times. Results The systolic blood pressure ( SBP ), TG, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B ( Apo B ), glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), fibrinogen(Fb), fasting blood glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin( HbA1c)in diabetic group were higher than those in non-diabetic group , which was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). From multi-variate logistic regression analysis, γ-GT, Apo B and FPG were the risk predictors of diabetes with brainstem infarction( OR = 1. 017, 4. 667 and 3. 173, respectively), while HDL-C was protective( OR =0. 288). HbA1c was a risk predictor of severity for acute brainstem infarction( OR = 1. 299), while Apo A was beneficial( OR =0. 212). Compared with brain-stem infarction in non-diabetic group, NIHSS score and intensive care therapy of diabetic groups on the admission had no statistically significance, while the NIHSS score on discharge and the outcome at 6 months' of follow-up were statistically significant. Conclusions Diabetes is closely associated with brainstem infarction. Brainstem infarction with diabetes cause more rapid progression, poorer prognosis, higher rates of mortality as well as disability and higher recurrence rate of cerebral infarction.

AIM:To establish a new method of rapid analysis of puerarin in Xintong Oral Liquid by acousto-optic tunable filter-nearinfrared spectroscopy. METHODS: HPLC was used as a reference method to determine puerarin content in Xintong Oral Liquid. Calibration model based on partial least squares(PLS1) algorithm was developed to correlate the spectra and the corresponding values determined by the reference methods. RESULTS: The root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP) of the model for puerarin was 0.137 1. The determination coefficient was R～2=0.984 5. The correlation coefficient of the true value and predication value from validation was r～2=0.996 4. CONCLUSION: The method is a quick, simple and low cost assay and able to be used in quantitative analysis of Xintong Oral Liquid.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy between cylindrical abdominoperineal resection(CAPR)by laparoscopy and traditional abdominoperineal resection(APR). Methods A retrospectively analysis was done in the data of patients with low rectal cancer who underwent APR in our department from January 2010 to September 2015. The patients were divided into two groups,including cylindrical abdominoperineal resection by laparoscopy and traditional abdominoperineal resection. The operation time,intraoperative bleeding,the time of intestinal exhaust as well as the postoperative complications of the two groups were compared. Results There were no statistical differences in the intraoperative bleeding,operation time,the time of intestinal exhaust,postoperative intestinal obstruction and pulmonary infection between the two groups(P > 0.05). However,the differences in the rates of perineal incision infection and tumor intestinal perforation between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion CAPR by laparoscopy is safer,more reliable than traditional APR,which can effectively reduce the rates of postoperative incision infection and tumor intestinal perforation of patients.

Background and purpose:The incidence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is increasing worldwide.This paper was to study the clinical features of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCV-HCC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from the patients with HCC who underwent curative liver resection and randomly selected 64 patients with HCV infection and 100 patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection as a control group.Post-operative complications and early prognosis were studied.Results:As compared with the patients with HBV-HCC,average age,incidence of liver cirrhosis and complications were signifi cantly higher in the patients with HCV-HCC(P

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibition of adenosine monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK) on expressions of cytochrome c (CytC) and caspase -3 and apoptosis in the cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice w ere randomly divided into three groups, a sham operation group, a ischemia -reperfusion group, and a AMPK inhibitor group, 12 in each group. A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion w as induced by suture method. The AMPK inhibitor compound C ( 20 mg/kg) w as injected intraperitonealy in the AMPK inhibitor group, the equal volume normal saline w as injected intraperitonealy in the sham operation group and the ischemia-reperfusion group w hen a thread w as inserted. Immunohistochemical staining w as used to detect the expression levels of CytC and caspase-3 and TUNEL method w as used to detect apoptosis at 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion. Results Compared w ith the ischemia-reperfusion group, the numbers of CytC (28.86 ±9.65/HP vs.58.86 ±9.65/HP; t = 7.615, P = 0.030 ) and caspase-3 (7.16 ±5.85/HP vs. 14.36 ±7.85/HP; t =2.548, P =0.035), and TUNEL (67.14 ±8.55/HP vs.95.00 ±13.51/HP; t = 6.891, P = 0.030) positive cels in the cerebral cortex w ere reduced significantly in the AMPK inhibitor group. Conclusion Inhibition of AMPK activity after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion may decrease apoptosis by dow nregulating the expressions of CytC and caspase -3, and play a neuroprotective effect.

Objective To compare the efficiency of original neuromyelitis optica(NMO)-IgG assay of detecting NMO-IgG with a new anti-aquaporin-4(AQP4)assay of detecting AQP4,and to explore the accuracy of the method in the diagnosis of NMO and multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods The sera were obtained from 44 patients with NMO and 46 patients with MS and were tested by both NMO-IgG and antiAOP4 assays.NMO-IgG was identified by original NMO-IgG assay with a substrate from mouse brain.AntiAQIP4 was detected by anti-AQP4 antibody assay.The results from the two assays were statistically analyzed to compare accuracy and specificity of the methods.Results The results of the two assays were concordant in 45 testing negative cases and 36 positive cases(Kappa=0.798.P=0.000).The McNemar test showed that the positive rate of the two assays were not significantly different(P=1.000).The NMO-IgG assay showed 77.3% sensitivity,87% specificity,82.2% diagnosis accuracy,85%positive predictive value,87% negative predictive value.and 74.3%Younden index. The anti-AOP4 antibody assay showed 88.6% sensitivity,95.7%specificity,92.2% diagnosis accuracy,98.1% positive predictive value,89.8% negative predictive value.and 84.3% Younden index.Conclusions This study demonstrated that NMO-IgG and AQP4 antibody detection have high sensitivity and specificity to detect NMO and MS.Anti-AQP4 detected by anti-AQP4 antibody assay may be more useful for NMO diagnosis.

Objective To explore the role of the polymorphism of HLA-DRB1/DPB1 in patients with multiple scle-rosis (MS) and optica neuromyelitis (NMO). Methods Fifty-three patients with MS, 30 patients with NMO and 93 normal controls were enrolled in the present study. The HLA-DRB1/DPB1 gene polymorphism and allele frequencies were deter-mined by sequencing-based typing. All the subjects were Southern Han Chinese and were born in Southern China. Re-sults The frequencies of DPB1*0501 were higher in NMO patients than in controls, P=0.001, P (corrected)=0.022. The frequencies of DRB1*1602 DPB1*0501 haplotype were higher in NMO patients than in MS patients, P<0.001,P (cor-rected)=0.040. Conclusions There is significant difference in HLA-DRB1/DPB1 gene polymorphism between MS and NMO patients in a Southern Han Chinese population. The HLA-DPB1*0501 allele might be the susceptibility gene poly-morphism of NMO.