Objective To synthetical analyse the current status of medication in portal hypertension (PHT) and the direction of development. Methods Papers of treatment of PHT in large quantity of cases and /or by standard clinical test were collected and reviewed. Results Treatment of PHT had been converted from surgery to medication gradually.The effect of medication had increased gradually with drug improvement.Conclusions Medication of portal hypertention is an effective and practicable technique to treat portal hypertention, and it is the research direction in the future.

Objective To compare the effects of three different crystalloid solutions on arterial blood lactate concentration and acid-base balance during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) without veno-venous bypass. Methods Ninety ASA Ⅱ-Ⅳ patients with end-stage liver disease of both sexes (78 males, 12 females) aged 16-67 yrs weighing 45-87 kg undergoing OLT were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups ( n = 30 each): group Ⅰ received normal saline (NS); group Ⅱ received lactated Ringer's solution (LR) and group Ⅲ acetated Ringer's solution (Plasma A, Baxter) (PA). The crystalloid was infused at a rate of 6-8 ml?kg-1?h-1. Colloid, albumin, RBC and whole blood were infused based on BP, CVP and Hb concentration. The arterial pH, BE and lactate concentration were measured before anesthesia (T0 baseline) , before cross-clamping of the portal vein (T1) at 30 min and the end of anhepatic phase (T2,T3) , 5 and 30 min after unclamping of the portal vein (T4,T5) and at the end of surgery (T6). Results There was no significant difference in the amount of crystalloid, colloid and blood products infused during operation among the 3 groups. Arterial pH decreased significantly at T1 (immediately before anhepatic phase) as compared to the baseline value at T0 and the low pH was maintained until the end of operation. BE was significantly decreased during anhepatic phase (at T2 and T3 ) . The blood lactate was increasing during operation and was 3 times that of baseline value at the end of operation. However there was no significant difference in arterial pH, BE and lactate concentration among the 3 groups.Conclusion In OLT without venovenous bypass, blood lactate increases progressively but the lactated Ringer's solution does not have any effect on the blood lactate concentration.

Objective Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) without bypass is technically simpler butimposes additional stress and strain on already compromised ciroulatory function and milieu interieur. The purposeof this study was to investigate the changes in arterial blood concentrations of glucose and lactate during OLTwithout bypass. Methods Eighty patients (66 male, 14 female) aged 12-67 yr weighing 40-130 kg undergoingOLT without veno-venous bypass for terminal liver cirrhosis (40 patients), liver cancer (28 patients), hepato-lenticular degeneration (5 patients), polycystic liver (3 patients) and severe hepatitis (4 patients). Nine patientswere classified as ASA physical status Ⅱ, thirty-nine patients as ASA Ⅲ, thirty patients ASA Ⅳ and two patientsASAV. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 2 mg, fentanyl 10-15?g?kg~(-1), propofol 1 .0 - 1 .5 mg?kg~(-1) andpancuronium 0. 15 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl,midazolam and pipecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated after intubation, P_(ET) CO_2 was maintained at32-35 mm Hg. No fluid containing glucose was infused during operation. Radial artery and internal jugular veinwere cannulated for BP and CVP monitoring. ECG, MAP, CVP, SpO_2, P_(ET)CO_2, temperature and urine outputwere continuously monitored during operation. Blood samples were taken from artery before anesthesia (T_0 ), beforecross-clamping of portal vein (T_1), 30 and 60 min during anhepatic phase (T_2, T_3), 5 and 30 min afterunclamping of vena cava before the unclamping of portal vein (T_4, T_5 ) and at the end of surgery (T_6 ) fordetermination of blood glucose and lactate concentrations. Blood lactate was determined only in 50 patients whoreceived no lactated but acetated Ringer's solution during operation. In 70 patients blood samples were obtainedfrom hepatic vein after unclamping of portal vein and before the end of exsanguination from the hepatic vein fordetermination of blood glucose and lactate. Results No patient developed hypoglycemia during operation. Bloodglucose increased slightly before cross-clamping of portal vein (T_1) and during anhepatic phase (T_2, T_3) comparedwith the baseline value before anesthesia (T_0 ) (P

Objective To analyze the difference in changes of upper airway between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients and normal population using dynamic radiography under sleeping and awake conditions.Methods 20 normal subjects and 20 OSAS patients underwent the dynamic digital radiography of the upper airway under sleeping and awake conditions.And the dynamic diameter changes of the upper airway at velopharyngeal,oropharynx and hypopharynx levels were measured and recorded.Results The velo-pharyngeal upper airway collapse in normal subjects under sleeping condition was significantly larger than that under awake condition (P <0.014).However no significant differences in the collapse of upper airway at oropharynx and hypopharynx level were observed between sleeping and awake conditions.For the OSAS patients,the upper airway collapses at velopharyngeal,oropharynx and hypopharynx levels under sleeping condition were significantly larger than those under awake condition respectively (P <0.000,P =0.001,P <0.013). During awake state,there were no significant differences in upper airway collapse at velopharyngeal,oropharynx and hypopharynx levels between normal subjects and OSAS patients under awake condition.During sleeping state,the upper airway collapses of OSAS patients were significantly larger than that of normal subjects at velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal levels (P =0.000,P =0.003). However,no significant difference was observed at hypopharynx level.Conclusion The normal upper airway represents obvious col-lapse at velopharyngeal level under sleeping condition.However,the upper airway in OSAS patients at velopharyngeal,oropharynx and hypopharynx level showed significant collapse under sleeping condition compared with that under awake condition.The upper airway of the OSAS patients represents obvious collapse at velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal level under sleeping condition,however no abnormal changes can be observed under awake condition.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different operation methods on the residual amount of docetaxel. METH-ODS:60 Docetaxel injections were selected and divided into two groups,i.e. standard operation method was adopted in group A (30 injections),and clinical common operation method was used in group B(30 injections). Docetaxel injections were placed for 5,10 or 15 minutes respectively,and drained. Residual liquid was collected to calculate residual amount. The difference of residual amount,due to preparation method and standing time,were compared between two groups. RESULTS:After placing for 5,10 or 15 min,the volume and amount of residual liquid in group B were significantly higher than in group A(P<0.05). In same group, the volume and amount of residual liquid after placing for 10 and 15 min were all lower than that after placing for 5 min(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the volume and amount of residual liquid after placing for 15 min were lower than that after placing for 10 min(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The standard operation of pharmacy dispensing staff is very important to reduce the residual amount of docetaxel,and guarantee safe,effective and sufficient medication. It is suggested that clinical staff should abide by standard opera-tion method.

Aim To establish an in vitro insulin resistant model of HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocyte and to screen drug in vitro.Methods The insulin resistant models of HepG2 and 3T3-L1 adipocyte were induced by high concentration of insulin and by dexamethasone,respectively.The glucose consumption ofcells was detected after administration with different drugs. Results In the concentration of 10-6 mol?L-1 insulin for 36 hours,HepG2 cells were resistant to insulin and the insulin resistance was maintained for 48 hours without change of cell morphology.After 3T3-L1 adipocyte insulin resistance was induced by dexamethasone,the maximal difference of glucose consumption between the blank control and insulin resistant model group was observed at 96h after dexamethasone administration,but the insulin resistant status had only been maintained for 24 hours without dexamethasone.The glucose consumptions of insulin resistant model of HepG2 and 3T3-L1 adipocyte were promoted by some drugs such as stachyose,berberine and ginsenoside.Conclusions The insulin resistant model of HepG2 cell and 3T3-L1 adipocyte was successfully established in vitro by high concentration of insulin and by dexamethasone,respectively.It can be used to screen drugs for treatment of insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on the expression of autoan-tibody and interleukin (IL)-10 IL-12 in MRL/lpr mice. Methods MRL/lpr mice wereseparated into 3 different groups. The 3 groups received arsenic trioxide (ATO, 0.4 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), cyclophosphamide (CTX,50 mg/kg) and sodium chloride (NS, volume weight-determined) abdominal injection respee-tively. The treatment stopped 2 months later. Afterwards, the rates of CD3~+(T) cells, CD3~+CD4~+(Th) cells and the CD3~+CD4~+cells which produced IL-10 and IL-12 were detected using single-cell measurement of intr-acellular eytokines by flow cytometry after polyclonal stimulation with PMA and ionomycin for 4 hours in 5% CO_(2.)Serum levels of IL 10 and IL-12 were assessed using the Mouse cytokines ELISA Kit. One-way ANOVA LSD test and paires t test were used for statistical analysis.Results ①The level of anti-dsDNA antibody after treatment was 0.92±0.06, while it was 1.14±0.58 before treatment. So the ds-DNA antibody level was significantly decreased in ATO group (P<0.01), while it was dramatically increased in the NS groups (P<0.05) after the treatment;②ATO group had significantly less CD3~+ cells and CD3~+CD4~+ cells[(44±4)% and (20±4)%]compared withNS group [(59±5)%and(30±3)%](P<0.01).③The serum level of IL-12 in the ATO group was (84±12) pg/ml,while it was (103±13)pg/ml in the NS group (P=0.018).④The intracellular levels of IL-10 and IL-12 produced by CD3~+CD4~+ (Th) cells in the ATO group were ( 1.5±0.4)% and (2.43±0.42)%, which was significantly lower than those in the NS group respectively (2.5±0.5)% and (3.24±0.40)%(P<0.01). Conclusion Arsenic trioxide can reduce the production of anti-dsDNA antibody,inhibit the activation and proliferation of both T cells and Th subsets in the MRLApr mice, and hence decrease the serum levels of IL-12 and the levels of IL-10, IL-12 produced by Th cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-335-5p on the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts which were exposed to high glucose condition, and explore its possible molecular mechanisms. Methods MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were divided into four groups:control group(5. 5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose group(HG group, 22. 0 mmol/L glucose), agomir-335-5p group(transfected with agomir-335-5p and exposed to 22. 0 mmol/L glucose) , and agomir negative control group( agomir NC group, transfected with agomir negative control and exposed to 22. 0 mmol/L glucose), cultured for 7 days. Cell proliferaton, cell apoptosis, expressions of miR-335-5p and dickkopfhomolog1(DKK1)mRNA,proteinlevelsofDKK1andcysteinylaspartate-specificproteinase-3(caspase-3) were detected using MTT, flow cytometry, quantitative realtime PCR and western blot, respectively. Results Compared with control group, the expression of miR-335-5p mRNA and cell proliferation in HG group were significantly decreased(P<0. 05), while cell apoptosis and the protein levels of DKK1 and caspase-3 were increased significantly(P<0. 05), the expression of DKK1 mRNA did not change (P>0. 05). The miR-335-5p mRNA expression and cell proliferation in agomir-335-5p group were higher than those in HG group and agomir NC group(P<0. 05). However, Cell apoptosis and the protein levels of DKK1 and caspase-3 in agomir-335-5p group were lower than those in HG group(P<0. 05). Conclusion High glucose inhibits the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast through decreasing the expression of miR-335-5p and subsequently increasing the DKK1 expression.

Aim To investigate HPA axis change relation with glucose and lipid metabolism.Methods Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with STZ (30 mg·kg~(-1)) after fed with high lipid food for two months, then rats with blood glucose of over 15 mmol·L~(-1) were used in the experiment. Animals were divided into four groups: normal group, diabetic model group, treatment group (ROS 200 mg·kg~(-1) ·d~(-1) ig), and metformin group (200 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) ig).Rats were decapitated after they had been administered ig for four weeks and were 24 hour urine collected.Plasma CRH, ACTH, corticosterone, hypothalamic CRH, ACTH of pituitary gland, 24 hour urinary corticosterone and plasma insulin were determined by ELISA and radio immunity kit respectively.Results In diabetic rat model induced by high lipid food and STZ, plasma and urinary glucose level and plasma TC, TG levels were increased, plasma HDL-C and hepatic glycogen content were reduced, which was synchronized with changes of higher pituitary ACTH, plasma and total 24 hour urine corticosterone excretion.Conclusion The disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism of model induced by high lipid food and low dose STZ may be linked to the change of HPA axis.The improvement of ROS on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats may be linked to the decrease of HPA axis activity.

Pinellia ternata(Thunb)Breit.was one of the common herbs in clinic and pharmaceutical industry of traditional Chinese medicine.Because of being over excavated of wild Pinellia temata(Thunb)Breit.year by year,the supply was unable to meet the demand at domestic market.In order to keep the supply richly and utilization persistently,we have studied the planting of wild Pinellia ternata(Thunb)Breit.for years.This paper was focused on the reviews of technology about breeding,planting,field management,cropping,processing and store of Pinellia ternata(Thunb)Breit.