Objective To explore the use of auditory steady-state response (ASSR) for threshold evaluation in neonates. Methods 30 neonates 60 ears) were included in the study who passed distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) screening and 45 neonates (78 ears) who failed DPOAE. The ASSR thresholds were evaluated screening, the significant difference was found between the ASSR thresholds at 250 Hz and the ABR thresholds (P ＜0.05), however the ASSR thresholds at 4 000 Hz and average thresholds were not different from the ABR thresholds (P＞0.05). For the neonates whose DPOAE screening results were abnormal, the ASSR thresholds from 250 to 4 000 Hz and average thresholds were not significant different from the ABR thresholds respectively (P＞0.05). olds were not correlated, but there were significant correlations at 2 000 and 4 000 Hz. For the neonates whose DPOAE screening results were abnormal, the ASSR thresholds and the ABR thresholds were significantly correlated at all the carrier frequencies. Conclusion Reliable and frequency specific results could be obtained by ASSR,so it could be a promising audiometry to evaluate the hearing of neonates.

Japan,one of the countries near China,has obtained great success in medical education through a long time exploration.Professor of R.Harsha Rao from America concluded the drawbacks in the early medical education in Japan,then proposed corresponding blueprint including reforming education systems,breaking the limitation in subjects and establishing comprehensive education system.Japanese medical education has been well promoted,the experience can be used in our country's medical education reforms.

0.05).②For the neonates passed DPOAE screening,the ASSR thresholds at 250,500 and 1 000 Hz and the ABR thresholds were not correlated,but there were significant correlations at 2 000 and 4 000 Hz.For the neonates whose DPOAE screening results were abnormal,the ASSR thresholds and the ABR thresholds were significantly correlated at all the carrier frequencies.Conclusion Reliable and frequency specific results could be obtained by ASSR,so it could be a promising audiometry to evaluate the hearing of neonates.

Purpose:To investigate the changes in plasmaendothelin-1(ET-1) level in gastric carcinoma patients before and after chemotherapy and its significance.Methods:Radioimmunoassay was used to detect the level of plasma ET-1 in 25 cases of normal controls and 52 cases of patients with gastric carcinoma before and after chemotherapy. Results:levels of plasma ET-1 were elevated in all subgroups of patients with gastric cancer compared to thecontrols (P

Objective To explore the imaging diagnostic method of Merkel cell carcinoma(MCC). Methods Imaging and pathologic features of MCC of 1 female and 44 years old patient were determinded by CT, MRI, pathologic examination and operative observation. Results MCC is a rare subepidermal carcinoma, and most located in the head, neck region and extrimities. Clinically, only a presumptive diagnosis of MCC can be established. The definite diagnosis of MCC can be made only by pathologic examination, especially immunohistological method. MCC is red and brown, and looks like rotten meat. MCC texture is middle with rich blood supply. MCC can invade occipital bone, occipital muscles, dura and cerebellar tissues. Optical microscope observation showed that MCC is located at dermis, and sometimes at subcutaneous tissues. MCC cells are gathered in groups, their sizes are unanimous, and their shapes look like lymphocytes. The cell nuclei of MCC looklike empty bubbles, and have many karyokinesis. The chromatin of MCC is very fine. The cytoplasms of MCC are little, and oxyphil staining. Immunohistological staining showed that both NSE (neuron-specific enolase) and CK(cytokeratin) are positive. The CT imaging of MCC is higher density. The MRI imaging of MCC is lower signals with unclear border in T1w and T2w, but becomes clear in enhanced MRI. Tumor cells invasion to soft tissues and bones could be seen on CT or MRI. Conclusion CT and MRI could clearly show the characteristics of MCC, and provide valuable information for operative treatment of MCC.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a glycoprotein. Recent studies have demonstrated that rhEPO regulates many functional activities of neural cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of rhEPO on proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in vitro. METHODS: Newborn Sprague-Dawley rat NSCs were harvested and cultured with serum-free culture medium containing different concentrations (5, 50, 500 U/mL) of rhEPO and 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factors (5, 50, and 500 U/mL rhEPO groups) and serum-free culture medium only containing 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factors (control group). After 7 days of culture, the cloning efficiency of NSCs was calculated. After 10 days of culture, neuron specific enolase (NSE)-and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive cells were quantified. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the rhEPO groups, cells proliferated rapidly, and the number of NSC microspheres was greater, in particular in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group, compared with the control group. NSCs grew faster in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group than in the control group. The number of NSE-and GFAP-immunoreactive cells was greater in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group than in the control group (P<0.01). These findings suggest that rhEPO promotes the in vitro culture and proliferation of NSCs, in particular 50 U/mL rhEPO.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum S100B, IL-6 and intracranial pressure in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Methods 81 cases of patients with severe brain injury in our hospital from August 2012 to April 2016 were selected,intracranial pressure was monitored immediately after admission to calculate the average daily ICP level ,and venous blood were collected after craniocerebral injury 6,12,24,48, 72 hours.Detection of serum S100B protein and IL-6 levels,and the correlation analysis with the level of intracranial pressure.Results Patients with severe craniocerebral injury S100B levels increased gradually after injury, reached the peak at 24 hours, then decreased gradually; while patients with IL-6 and intracranial pressure after injury gradually increased, the difference was statistically significant in different time points among the S100B,IL-6 and intracranial pressure levels (P<0.05).Conclusion The changes of intracranial pressure after severe craniocerebral injury were proportional to the levels of serum S100B and IL-6,S100B and IL-6 can reflect the changes of intracranial pressure,intracranial pressure changes predicted by S100B plasma concentration in 48 hours were more sensitive than those in the same concentration of IL-6.

AIM: To analyze the chemical constituents of essential oil in Ephedra Sinica Stapf from Gansu Province. METHODS: The essential oil in Ephedra Sinica Stapf was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). RESULTS: 71 Compounds were identified from Ephedra Sinica Stapf of 3 different sources(Minqin,Zhenyuan and Gulang County),and contained 28 same components such as tetramethylpyrazine、linalool、?-terpineol、4-terpineol、d-?-terpineol、hexadecanoic acid and so on.The contents of d-?terpineol and hexadecanoic acid in Ephedra Sinica Stapf were the highest. CONCLUSION: Essential oils in Ephedra Sinica Stapf from Gansu Province do not contain 1-?-terpineol.

Objective To explore the influence of minimally invasive puncture drainage on blood brain barrier (BBB) function and its mechanism.Methods Ninety-two patients with hypertensive intra-cerebral hemorrhage (HICH) in the Department of Neurosurgery of Jiaxing Affiliated Second Hospital of Zhejiang Province were divided into a control group and an observation group, according to random number table method, 46 cases in each group. In the control group, the conventional craniotomy was performed, while in the observation group, minimally invasive puncture drainage was carried out to remove the hematoma. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were used to evaluate the neural function, the level of serum myelin basic protein (MBP) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the central nervous specific serum protein S100 level was measured by electrochemical luminescence method, the albumin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were determined by automatic biological analyzer, and the BBB index was calculated. After 14 days of surgery, the curative effect and incidence of complications of two groups were observed.Results After surgery, the NIHSS scores of two groups were obviously lower than those before surgery, and the degree of descent in observation group was more significant than that in the control group (score: 3.68±2.39 vs. 5.43±3.89,P < 0.05); after surgery, the levels of MBP, S100, albumin in cerebrospinal fluid and BBB in two groups were higher than those before surgery [MBP (μg/L): 3.02±0.28 vs. 3.81±0.29, S100 (μg/L): 0.95±0.24 vs. 1.34±0.27, cerebrospinal fluid albumin (μg/L): 9.89±0.78 vs. 21.43±1.14, BBB index: 0.22±0.04 vs. 0.48±0.05], the differences being statistically significant (allP < 0.05), but the change values in the observation group were less significant than those in the control group. The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [84.78% (39/46) vs. 65.22% (30/46),χ2 = 4.696,P = 0.030]. The incidence of wound infection, gastrointestinal bleeding in observation group was markedly lower than that in the control group [16.67% (6/46) vs. 36.96% (17/46), χ2 = 4.120,P = 0.042].Conclusion The minimally invasive puncture drainage has unequivocal clinical curative effect in treatment of patients with HICH, it can protect the nerve and BBB functions and reduce the incidence of complications.

Objective: Expression of Bcl\|2 and Bax oncoproteins was tested in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in order to find the relationship between the two genes and LSCC, and to explrore their clinical significance by retrospectively study of pathological and clinical doouments. Methods: Immunohistochemical S\|P method was emioyed in testing the expression of Bcl\|2 and Bax oncoproteins in 74 patients with LSCC, 24 laryngeal atypical hyperplasis (LAH) and 24 laryngeal normal membrane (LNM). Results: Bcl\|2 oncoprotein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm of epithelium cells and a small part of cell membrances were stained, appearing brow or yellow, granular distribution.There were no expression in the cell nuclear and stroma. Bax oncoprotein was expressed in cytoplasm and cell membrane and there were a little expression in stroma, appearing light brown and yellow, granular distribution. Bax was less stained than Bcl\|2. The positive expression percentages of Bcl\|2 oncoprotein in LSCC, LAH, LNM tissues were 59.46%,66.67% and 20.83% respectively. The Bcl\|2 expressions in LSCC, LAH tissues were significantly higher than that in LNM (P＜0.05); The positive expression percentages of Bax oncoprotein in these three groups were 56.76%, 50.0% and 66.67% respectively which were no significant difference. The results of Spearman correlated analysis showed that expression of Bcl\|2 and Bax oncoproteins had no obvious correlations with pathological grade, clinical stage and metastasis of lymph node. Both were correlated only with smoking. Conclusions: The imbalance of Bcl\|2/Bax mainly induced by the high expression of Bcl\|2 oncoprotein played an important role in the development of LSCC and LAH, Bcl\|2 may act as a reference index in judging the biological speciality of LSCC; Expressions of Bcl\|2 and Bax oncoprotein had obvious corelation with smoking in LSCC, indicating Bcl\|2 and Bax genes may be a target of carcinogenic substance in tobacco; Expression of Bcl\|2 oncoprotein was blocked may be an important part in studying gene therapy for the future.