Objective:To establish the methods and standard for the evaluation of rational application of parenteral nutrition ( PN) in primary hospitals. Methods:Medical records with the use of fat emulsion, amino acids (17) and glucose (11%) injection were col-lected. The integrity of the medical records was analyzed, the compatibility of supplementary drugs was evaluated, and basal metabo-lism rate(BMR) was calculated for the relevant assessment. Results:Totally 66. 7% of the patients had incomplete basic parameters of nutritional risk assessment, the cases had different course of treatment but showed no significant difference in total usage of fat emul-sion, amino acids (17) and glucose (11%) injection,and the non-protein calories of fat emulsion, amino acids (17) and glucose (11%) injection accounted for 72. 1% of basal metabolism rate of an individual on average (S=8. 9). Supplementary usage of KCl accounted for 63. 0% of the cases, of which 70. 6% were overdosed;62. 9% of the cases used supplementary alanyl-glutamine with overdosage. Conclusion:In the PN application in our hospital, nutritional risk assessment is basically missed, and there is a great gap between the level of developing reasonable individual program and the requirements in guidelines. Clinical pharmacists should enhance the related monitoring and evaluation in PN application.

Objective To explore the possible etiological factors in chronic abacterial prostatitis. Methods 16SrRNA gene of gram-negative bacteria was assayed in 10 urethral swab and 24 EPS samples from the patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis.Also,samples from 10 normal male adults (controls) EPS were assayed by the same technique. Results Among the 24 chronic abacterial prostatitis EPS samples,16SrDNA was positive in 13.But the result was negative in all the urethral swab samples.Only one of the 10 normal EPS was positive for 16SrRNA gene( P

Objective To explore the methods of early diagnosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremity (ASOLE).Methods The related literatures on ASOLE detection means adopted clinically were reviewed,and their advantages and disadvantages were compared.Results Asymptomatic ASOLE could be discovered by determination of ankle brachial index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI),which was a good index for arterial function assessment of lower extremity.Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was more vulnerable and less sensitive than ABI,and therefore more suitable for screening of a large sample.ASI was an index to assess arterial structure and function,and it had a good correlation with PWV.Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was a measurement evaluating the function of endothelial cell;Pulse wave measurement was simple,sensitive,and its result was reliable.Color Doppler ultrasonography could localizate the lesion and determine the degree of stenosis at the same time.Multiple-slice CT angiography (MSCTA) was more accurate than color Doppler ultrasonography,but its inherent shortcomings,such as nephrotoxicity of contrast agent,was still need to be resolved.3D-contrast enhancement magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) had little nephrotoxicity,but a combination of other imaging methods was necessary.Microcirculation detections required high consistency of the measurement environment,but they were simple,sensitive and noninvasive,and therefore could be used for screening of ASO.Conclusion Publicity and education of high-risk groups,and reasonable selection of all kinds of detection means,are helpful to improve the early diagnosis of ASOLE.

Objective To investigate effects of CO_2 pneumoperitoneum on cytokines and peritoneal macrophages in a rat model with implanted liver tumor.Methods A total of 32 Wistar rats with implanted liver tumor were randomly divided into 4 groups((n=8)): Control Group(anesthesia only),Laparotomy Group,Gasless Group(gasless laparoscopy),and Pneumoperitoneum Group(laparoscopy under CO_2 pneumoperitoneum).Serum samples were collected at the 2nd and 24th hours after the procedure respectively for the detection of levels of interleukin-1?(IL-1?) and interleukin-6(IL-6).Samples of peritoneal macrophages were collected and incubated for the detection of levels of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),a product of macrophages.Results At the 2nd and 24th hours after surgery,levels of serum IL-6 in the Laparotomy Group(57.92?2.06 pg/ml and 35.49?1.15 pg/ml) were significantly greater than those in the Pneumoperitoneum Group(14.64?0.34 pg/ml and 15.39?0.86 pg/ml),the Gasless Group(24.75?1.53 pg/ml and 17.10?0.97 pg/ml),and the Control Group(17.75?1.60 pg/ml and 14.55?0.25 pg/ml)(P

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and validity of the early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods: 15 patients of SAP during April 2002 and June 2003 had received early enteral nutrition through naso jejunal tube. The nutrition and immune index and the rates of complications were analyzed. Results: 2～3 days after nutrition tube placed to stomach, the tube heads in 11 cases reached the jejunum automatically, while 3 cases needed the help of X ray and 1 case needed the help of gastroscopy. All of 15 cases tolerated the enteral nutrition well, and there was no relapse of SAP. The nutrition and immune measurement were improved after 2 weeks' enteral nutrition, without infection of pancreatic necrosis. Conclusions: It is safe, efficient and feasible of the early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) through naso jejunal tube. Early enteral nutrition can improve the nutrition, immune function and prognosis.

Objective To explore the clinicopathelogical features of resectable carcinoma of the head of (pancreas).Methods A retrospcctive analysis was made on the clinicopathological data of 102 patients with cancer of the head of pancreas, who had received pancreatoduodenectomy from Nanfang Hospital in January 1990 to January 2003. Results The incidence rate of the peri-pancreatic tissue infiltration was 74.5%,the infiltration rate of retroperitonealfat was 27.5% and the incidence rate of peri-pancreatic lymph-node (metastasis) was 71.6%. Metastasis rate of 21.1% was seen in the abdominal aorta lymph nodes. (Conclusions) Surgically resectable carcinoma of the pancreatic head is not equivalent to early cancer. The surgical area of radical resection of cancer of the pancreatic head should at least include pancreatoduodenectomy and clearance of regional soft tissue and lymph nodes. It may be more reasonable if the abdominal aorta lymph nodes were assigned to the first station of lymph drainage of carcinoma of head of the pancreas.

Objective To explore the effects of DNMT3b on the expression and methylation sta-tus of the promoter region of DLC-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Methods The SMMC-7721 cell line was divided into 2 groups. The cell line in the experimental group was transfect-ed with DNMT3b siRNA, while that in the control group was transfected with control siRNA. West-ern blot was used to detect the expression of DNMT3b and DLC-1 and MSP was employed to examine the methylation status of the promoter region of DLC-1. Results The expression of DNMT3b was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, while the expression of DLC-1 was just opposite. There was no significant difference in the methylation status of the promoter re-gion of DLC-1 between the 2 groups and both were methylated. Conelnsion The inhibition of expression of DNMT3b by siRNA method can enhance the expression level of DLC-1, and the methylation status of the promoter region of DLC-1 does not change at the same time. When affecting the expression of DLC-1, DN-MT3b might not play the role of methyhransferase, but can act as a transcriptional regulatory factor.

Objective To amplify the higA gene from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and to analyze the structure and function of their encoded proteins by using bioinformatics.Methods Total DNA was extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.PCR of higA was performed and the products were sequenced.The biological features of the higA protein including,its physical and chemical properties,signal peptide,spatial structure and epitopes were analyzed by using software online.Results The PCR products of higA were 450 bp in length,which were consistent with the expected size.The higA protein consisted of 149 amino acids and had the following characteristics:a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.93,a fat-soluble factor of 94.30,and instability coefficient of 36.57.The higA protein had no signal peptide,containing 10 phosphorylation sites and multiple potential epitopes.Conclusion Mycobacterium tuberculosis higA gene can be amplified by PCR and the characteristics of higA protein is identified.

The Arteria dorsalis pedis of 50 lower limbs of adult Chinese cadavers were injected with the chloroform solution of red pigment.Then the cutaneous arteries of the Ar- teria dorsalis pedis were dissected,observed and measured under an operating microscope. The arteria dorsalis pedis was divided into proximal,intermediate and distal portions. In all cases this artery gives off direct cutaneous arteries which are more concentrated in the proximal and distal portions. In the proximal portion,the cutaneous arteries are constantly provided with larger caliber and longer length of extension.The percentage of the presence of the cutaneous arteries of the distal portion is rather high,yet both their caliber and length of extension are smaller than the branches of the proximal portion. There are certain anastomoses between the neighboring cutaneous arteries.Most of the cutaneous arteries run along the course of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerves.This nerve may be considered as a guide to find those cutaneous arteries. The caliber of the most cutaneous arteries is large enough for microsurgical vaso- anastomosis.Thus the data of this article may be helpful to clinicians who want to make a vascularized free dorsalis pedis skin flap.

In many textbooks and literature, the course and distribution of the superficial epigastric artery (SEA) was described as a single vessel corresponding to the medial main branch (MMB) in our series, the lateral main branch (LMB) was always neglected. In 20% of fifty cases we observed, the SEA possesses a trunk which divides into two main branches.The LMB is present in 66%. It enters the superficial fascia by passing through the fascia lata. The penetrating points of the LMB are found mostly around a center 5 mm lateral and 15 mm distal to the origin of the femoral artery. It ascends along a vertical line 10 mm lateral to the origin of the femoral artery, and supplies the lateral part of the middle portion of the lower abdomen at that side.The MMB is present in 68%. It enters the superficial fascia by passing through the fossa ovalis. The penetrating points of the MMB are found mostly around a center 25 mm distal to the origin of the femoral artery. It ascends along a vertical line 10mm medial to the origin of the femoral artery, and supplies the medial half of lower abdomen at that side.The caliber of each main branch is intimately correlated with the area of the skin it supplies. The axis, depth, distribution of the SEA or its main branches as vessels of the skin flaps at groin region has been discussed.