Objective To perform a comparative research on nucleoside drug resistance mutation and genotypes of chronic hepa‐tits B virus in Shanghai and Lanzhou .Methods The serum samples(Shanghai ,194 cases) and (Lanzhou ,325 cases) were collected . The common 7 drug resistant mutation loci ,genotype B and C were detected by using the PCR‐LDR method .The obtained data were analyzed by using the SPSS17 .0 statistical software .Results (1) Genotype C was the main genotype in two areas (Shanghai 79 .3% ,Lanzhou 81 .4% ) .(2) The mutation rate in Shanghai was higher than that in Lanzhou with statistical difference (48 .9%vs .35 .3% ,P<0 .01) .Lamivudine resistance mutation was predominant in all the mutations of two areas ,accounting for 75 .7%(153/202 ;Shanghai 68/92 ,Lanzhou 85/110);the difference in lamivudine resisrtance mutation loci had statistical difference be‐tween the two areas ;while the adefovir resistance loci was dominated by rtA181T/V ,the area difference had no statistical signifi‐cance(P>0 .05) .(3) The drug resistance mutation had no correlation with genotype .The C genotype mutation rate in Shanghai was higher than that in Lanzhou ,the difference was statistically significant (49 .0% vs .35 .4% ,P<0 .05 ) .(4) 4 kinds of drug re‐sistance rate had no correlation with genotype .Conclusion The genotype distributions are similar in two areas ;Shanghai has a higher drug resistance rate than Lanzhou ;the drug resistance occurrence has no relation with drug resistance type and genotype .

Objective To investigate the effect of H.pylori infection on cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)expression in gastric antral mucosa. Methods The expression of COX-2 in 20 patients with H.py lori -infected chronic gastritis and in 14 with uninfected chronic gastritis w ere investigated by immunohistochemical method. The expressions of COX-2 in the antral mucosa were compared before and after H.pylori eradication. Results The mean percentage of the cells stained with COX-2 was s ignificantly higher in H.pylori -infected mucosa than that in uninfected mucosa ( P

Objective To investigate the correlations on hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS1‐antigen (pre‐S1Ag) with HBV‐DNA , HBV markers(HBV M) and liver function in the patients with hepatitis B .Methods The markers ,preS1‐Ag ,HBV‐DNA and liver function were determined by CLIA and PCR in 905 patients with hepatitis B (HBV infection group ) and 100 healthy persons (healthy control group) .Results Among 905 samples ,the positive rates of preS1‐Ag and HBV DNA were 68 .51% (620/905) and 67 .96% (615/905) ,there was no statistically significant difference between them (χ2 =30 .064 ,P>0 .05);the positive rates of pre‐S1Ag in 570 patients with HBeAg positive were 85 .08% (485/570) ,which was significantly higher than 40 .30% (135/335) in 335 patients with HBeAg negative ,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =108 .881 ,P<0 .01) .The abnormal rates of ALT and AST in the Pre‐S1 Ag positive and negative groups were 53 .22% ,25 .96% and 51 .29% ,32 .98% ,respectively ,the differences be‐tween them were statistically significant (χ2ALT =53 .148 ,P<0 .001 ,χ2AST =66 .635 ,P<0 .001) .Conclusion Pre‐S1Ag is a reliable index of the HBV infection and duplication and is highly correlated with HBV‐DNA positive ,which is important supplement and strengthening and can provide more timely and reliable experiment basis for guiding the clinical treatment .

Objective To explore the relativity between the changes of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS) in hippocampus and prefrontal lobe and syndrome differentiation of major depression.Methods Sixty patients with major depression(MD) were divided into Group A(phlegm-heat syndrome),Group B(blood stasis syndrome),Group C(deficient fire syndrome) and Group D(cold-dampness syndrome),and other 20 normal controls were selected.The neurochemical abnormalities including the ratios of N-acetylaspartate(NAA)/choline(Cho),NAA/creatine(Cr) and Cho/Cr were measured with three-dimension 1H proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(3D1H-MRS).Results The ratios of Cho/Cr in white matter of the prefrontal lobe were significant higher in MD patients than that in normal controls(P<0.05);the ratios of NAA/Cr in hippocampus were significant higher in MD patients than that in normal controls(P<0.05).Conclusion There might be the relativity between the neurochemical abnormalities in hippocampus and prefrontal lobe and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation of major depression.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the liver fibrosis markers laminin(LN),hyaluronan acid(HA),col-lagen Ⅳ(CⅣ)and procollagen type Ⅲ N-terminal peptide(PⅢNP)with the replication of hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA in the pa-tients with chronic HBV in Lanzhou.Methods Real-time PCR and chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA)were used to quantita-tively measure serum HBV-DNA and liver fibrosis markers in 724 cases of HBV infection in Lanzhou with the different clinical classifications and the natural history stage as the background.Results The values of the liver fibrosis indicators and HBV-DNA level in all clinical types were higher than normal levels,and reached to maximum in the liver cirrhosis goup;CⅣ and PⅢNp were highest in the HBeAg (+)CHB group;according to the hepatitis B natural history stage,the PⅢNP and CⅣ values reached the peak value in the immune clearance phase,moreover the CⅣmean value in the HBeAg and HBV-DNA (+)group was higher than that in the HBV-DNA and HBeAg (-)group.4 indicators in the HBeAg (+)CHB group were higher than those in the HBeAg (-)CHB group,but only HA had statistical difference(P <0.01 ).Conclusion There is certain correlation between CⅣ with HBV-DNA and HBV-M,indicating that which can indirectly reflect the degree of liver damage and viral replication level.

Objective To investigate the value and clinical significance of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) ,inteleukin‐18 , interferon‐γand transforming growth factor‐βin patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection .Methods A total of 175 patients with HBV infection were divided into chronic type B hepatitis (CHB) group and chronic asympotomatic HBV carrier (ASC) group , which were further divided into hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive and negative groups .CD4+ CD25+ Treg ,cytokines levels and liver function were measured .Healthy subjects were enrolled into control group .Results Proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg were without significant difference among healthy controls ,HBeAg(+ ) and HBeAg(-) ASC groups ,and HBeAg(+ ) and HBeAg(-) CHB groups (P>0 .05) .Compared with control group ,cytokines levels were significant higer in CHB and ASC group (P<0 .05) . CD4+CD25+ Treg level was significant positive correlation to alanine aminotransferase and ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to plateles in HBeAg(+ )ASC group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion CD4+CD25 + Treg and related cytokines could play important roles in the course of CHB ,while CD4+CD25+ Treg expressing might be correlated with inflammatory degree of hepatitis .

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical correlation of IL-4 in patients with HBV infection.Methods Sixty cases with chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers,60 cases with chronic hepatitis B,60 cases with liver cirrhosis,60 cases with hepato-cellular carcinoma and 50 healthy controls were collected for serum.ELISA was used for detection of cytokine IL-4 levels;The a-mount of HBV DNA was measured by fluorescence quantitative PCR;Liver function was tested by automatic biochemical analyzer. Results Compared with the healthy controls[(1.64±0.17)ng/mL],IL-4 levels of patients with CHB,LC and HCC were signifi-cantly increased[(4.18±0.48),(4.71±0.42),(3.62±0.31)ng/mL,P <0.05].LC group have the highest IL-4 levels,while ASC was the lowest.Compared with the ASC group,IL-4 levels of patients with CHB,LC and HCC were significantly increased(P <0.05).Compared with the HCC group,IL-4 levels of patients with LC were significantly increased(P <0.05).IL-4 level was posi-tively correlated with TBIL levels in LC patients(r=0.529,P <0.01),while the IL-4 level was positively correlated with ALT and TBIL level in HCC patients(r=0.263,0.323,P <0.05).Conclusion IL-4 may play an important role in chronic HBV infection, the levels of IL-4 can be used as an important indicator to assess the severity of chronic hepatitis B.

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of genetic testing for Fragile X syndrome (FXS).

METHODSA domestically made diagnostic kit based Tri-primer-PCR method was used to detect mutations of the FMR1 gene among 6 pedigrees with unexplained intellectual disability. The results were verified by methylation PCR and Southern blotting.

RESULTSPedigrees 1 and 6 were positive for the screening. In pedigree 1, a full-mutation allele with methylation was identified in the proband and his mother, which was passed on to the fetus. In pedigree 6, the proband was mosaic for a full-mutation allele and a pre-mutation allele. His sister was asymptomatic with a full-mutation. His mother carried pre-mutation allele, while his father and sister's baby were normal. The number of CGG repeats of the pedigrees 2 to 5 were in the normal range.

CONCLUSIONGenetic testing can provide an effective way to prevent FXS caused by FMR1 mutations and enable prenatal diagnosis for families with a high risk for the disease.