OBJECTIVE To discuss about the influence of the monograph Treatise on Pestilence(Wenyilun) dealing with infectious disease on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It was the first time alternatively to describe about infectious disease in etiology,pathogenesis and treatment by TCM way. METHODS In etiology,it was described Zaqi(a special pathogenic factor) to cause infectious epidemic disease,not by general six pathogenic factors.It was similar with modern medicine in etiology.In pathology,it was analyzed and differentiated the developing of an epidemic febrile disease treatment with Qi and Xue.In treatment,it used elimination treatment method including diaphoresis,inducing emesis,and purgation therapy. RESULTS Since then a new science of epidemic febrile disease of TCM was gradually formed. CONCLUSIONS This new theory has deeply influenced in the analysis and differentiation and treatment of epidemic febrile disease.Now theory on epidemis febrile disease of TCM is becoming a systemic and comprehensive doctrine about infectious disease treatment in modern Chinese medicine.

Objective To analyze the effect of clavicular hook plate (CHP) in treating dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint and fractures of the distal clavicle. Methods From July 2000 to May 2001, 12 cases with acromioclavicular joint dislocation or distal clavicle fractures were treated using CHP and its effect evaluated. Results All patients got good reduction and fixation and 2 weeks after operation they obtained satisfactory motion with average 90 degrees of flexion and 90 degrees of abduction. One patient suffered from impingement of the shoulder joint because of unsatisfactory preliminary flexion but the joint function was not affected posterior to extraction of inernal fixation. The X-ray showed good reduction in all patients. No re-fracture or subluxation occurred after removal of implants with 100% of joint function recovery. Conclusions CHP is a reliable way for acromioclavicular joint dislocation and distal clavicle fractures.

Objective To compare real -time tissue elastography (RTE)and ultrasound in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)with cervical lymph node (LN)metastasis.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical data of 72 patients with PTC.Eighty -four LNs of them were performed with ultrasound-guided fine -needle aspiration biopsy.Patients were divided into two groups:with cervical lymph node metastasis group and without cervical lymph node metastasis group.All patients were reviewed their B -mode ultrasonography (BUS)on cervical lymph node and RTE on thyroid.RTE elasticity indices (EI)of mean (Emean),minimum (Emin),maximum (Emax)and the ratio of Emean in LNs and surrounding muscle (Emean -m)were measured at the thyroids.The performances of RTE and BUS in predicting of PTC with LN metastasis were compared and ana-lyzed.Results The sensitivity and specificity of BUS on diagnosis of the cervical lymph nodes metastasis were 84.0% and 90.0%.The RTE Emea,Emax,Emin and SI in meta -static LNs were significantly higher than those in benign LNs(P =0.001,0.002,0.001,0.007).The RTE results of PTC patients with lymph node metastasis was ana-lyzed by ROC curve.The largest area was Emin.AUC was 0.918,the critical value was 0.240.AUC of SI was 0.896, AUC of Emean was 0.718,AUC of Emax was 0.670.The sensitivity and specificity were 94.0% and 99.4%,respec-tively.Conclusion Co -operation of RTE and BUS was more accurate than simple BUS in diagnosis of PTC with lymph node metastasis.SI and Emin has a high diagnostic value.

Interaction in classroom teaching is a bilateral activity that is difficult to control. Teachers and students are the two main aspects to realize the synchronization of teachers and students' thinking. For teachers, teachers should first make full use of multimedia resources, bring a colorful courseware into class-room teaching; secondly, teachers should stimulate students' interest in a reasonable way, so as to inject vitality into the classroom teaching; finally, teachers should mobilize the students' thinking and carefully regulate the changes in thinking between teachers and students through a proper teaching methods. In terms of students, students should not only give full play to their initiative, but also actively cooperate with teachers in order to realize the thought synchronization between teachers and students in classroom teaching and learning interaction and ultimately achieve the desired results.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacological actions of the Formulae of Qinwenbaiduyin and Huanglianjiedutang in antibacterial experiment in vitro. METHODS Test tube method and plating method were employed in antibacterial experiment while test was conducted in antiviral experiment with extract of the Formula by water and then observing the pathological changes in the lungs after medication. RESULTS The minimal inhibirory concentration (MIC) effect of Qinwenbaiduyin was 15.6 mg/ml, the minimal bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) was 31.2mg/ml to Staphylococcus aureus; minimal inhibirory concentration (MIC) effect was 7.6mg/ml, MBC was 15.6mg/ml to Escherichia coli. The MIC effect of Qinwenbaiduyin was 15.6 mg/ml, the MBC was 31.2mg/ml to S. aureus and E. coli. CONCLUSIONS The Formulae of Qinwenbaiduyin and Huanglianjiedutang have antibacterial effect on S. aureus and E. coli in experiment.

Lysine-germanium ( Ge401 ) was a newly synthesized organoger-manium compound in China. The LD50 of Ge401 for mice was 9.26 and 5.62 g/kg po and ip administrations. The inhibition rates of subcutaneously transplanted S-180 sarcoma in mice were 25%, 32% and 55% respectively when ip, po and iv administrations of Ge401 were used. The antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide (30 mg/kg? 2d-1, ip ) in S-180 bearing mice was significantly potentiated by Ge401 (30 mg/kg?d-1, iv ) .

AIM　To study the effect of desipramin e (DMI) on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of rat glioma C6 cel ls. METHODS　Cell proliferation w as measured by MTT colorimetric assay and cells undergoing apoptosis were determ ined by electron microscope and flow cytometry. The expression of bcl-2 was eva luated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS　DMI could result in the c oncentration-dependent inhibition of C6 cell proliferation and lead to arrest i n G0～G1 phase of cell cycle. The value of IC50 and 95% confidence lim its were 20.7(17.3～24.2) μmol*L－1.DMI（40 μmol*L－1）-indu ced apoptosis showed classical apoptotic morphology and the hypodiploid peak ap peared on the histogram of FCM in a concentration-dependent manner, which could be abrogated by cycloheximide(1.8 μmol*L－1). Meanwhile, DMI (10 μmol *L－1) could down-regulate the expression of apoptosis associated gene b cl-2. CONCLUSION　DMI could inhibit cell proliferation in a con centration dependent manner and induce typical apoptosis of C6 cells.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of IL-6 on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of human pancreatic cancer cells.Methods IL-6 was added into the culture media of human pancreatic cancer cells Capan-2,SW1990,and STAT3-siRNA-SW1990.Cell growth was measured by MTT assays.STAT3,p-STAT3,Snail,Twist,and E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression were examined using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)and Western blot,respectively.The invasion abilities of SW1990 and Capan-2 cells were determined by a cell invasion assay in vitro.Results Our results showed that 100 μg/L of IL-6 significantly promoted the growth and invasion abilities of Capan-2 and SW1990 cells (P＜0.05).The use of IL-6 not only markedly increased the protein expression of P-STAT3 and Snail,but also greatly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin.The use of IL-6 can not change the mRNA and protein expression of Snail and E-cadherin.Conclusion Activation of the STAT3 signal transducer pathway with IL-6 can promote the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro through up-regulation of Snail and down-regulation of E-cadherin expression.Therefore the STAT3 signal transducer may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To screen the genes related with signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulating pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis by gene chips.Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 stably expressing low level of Stat3 was established by lentivirus transfection,while cells transfected with mock plasmid and cells without transfection served as control groups.The differences of invasion and metastasis related genes expression among the three groups were screened by gene chips.STAT3 mRNA and protein expression was measured by real-time PCR and Western blot.Three differentially expressed genes (MMP-7,IL-1β and IgTα7) were verified.ResultsThe expression level of STAT3 mRNA was 0.391 ± 0.037 after pancreatic cancer SW1990 cell trarsfected with STAT3 targeted lentivirus,which was significantly lower than those in mock plasmid group (1.002 ± 0.015) and nontransfected group ( 1.206 ± 0.042,P ＜ 0.05 ) ; the expression level of STAT3 protein was 182.38 ± 65.32,which was significantly lower than those in mock plasmid group (223.40 ±58.40) and non-transfected group (212.33 ±53.69).Eight invasion and metastasis related genes of SW1990 lowly expressing Stat3 were upregulated,while 3 genes were down-regulated.By verification,the mRNA level of MMP-7 and IL-1β were lower than in control group transfected with mook plassmid(0.287 ± 0.115 vs 1.010 ± 0.124,t =19.45,P =0.000;0.490 ± 0.10 vs 1.002 ± 0.002,t =13.83,P =0.000),but the mRNA level of IgTα7 was not decreased (1.173 ±0.280 vs 0.998 ±0.003,t =4.236,P =0.094).Meanwhile,the protein level of MMP-7 was significantly down-regulated when Stat3 was knocked down.ConclusionsStat3 causes changes of expressions of many invasion and metastasis-related genes of SW1990,and MMP-7 may be the main target gene regulated by Stat3.

The Arteria dorsalis pedis of 50 lower limbs of adult Chinese cadavers were injected with the chloroform solution of red pigment.Then the cutaneous arteries of the Ar- teria dorsalis pedis were dissected,observed and measured under an operating microscope. The arteria dorsalis pedis was divided into proximal,intermediate and distal portions. In all cases this artery gives off direct cutaneous arteries which are more concentrated in the proximal and distal portions. In the proximal portion,the cutaneous arteries are constantly provided with larger caliber and longer length of extension.The percentage of the presence of the cutaneous arteries of the distal portion is rather high,yet both their caliber and length of extension are smaller than the branches of the proximal portion. There are certain anastomoses between the neighboring cutaneous arteries.Most of the cutaneous arteries run along the course of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerves.This nerve may be considered as a guide to find those cutaneous arteries. The caliber of the most cutaneous arteries is large enough for microsurgical vaso- anastomosis.Thus the data of this article may be helpful to clinicians who want to make a vascularized free dorsalis pedis skin flap.