Objective To observe the implementation of prevention and control measures for water quality improvement in drinking water type of fluorosis and arsenic poisoning areas,to investigate the operating condition of fluoride-safe water supply projects,and to comprehensively evaluate the project's quality and its effectiveness on water quality improvement.Methods According to the Shanxi Province Drinking Water-Borne Fluorosis and Arsenic Poisoning Fluoride-Safe Water Supply Projects Monitoring Programme,in October 2012-June 2013,45 counties in the province were selected to monitor fluorosis and arsenic poisoning.The running condition of fluoridesafe water supply projects was investigated.One factory water sample was collected to determine the water fluoride (arsenic) concentration.Meanwhile,3 tap water samples were collected to determine the water fluoride (arsenic)concentration in each village,using the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB/T 5750.5-2006).Results Totally 1 804 fluoride-safe water supply projects had been surveyed,and 1 673 were in normal condition,accounting for 92.7％.The number of projects supplying fluoride-safe water was 1 328,accounting for 73.6％,benefiting a population of 2.636 779 million people.A total of 2 277 villages were investigated,and 1 826 villages had fluoride-safe water,accounting for 80.2％ of the investigated villagcs.One hundred and forty-five arsenic-safe water supply projects in drinking water type of arsenic poisoning areas were investigated,and 138 were in normal condition,accounting for 95.2％.One hundred and forty-three arsenic-safe water supply projects were qualified,accounting for 98.6％,benefiting a population of 295 240 people.One hundred and fifty-nine villages in drinking water-borne arsenic poisoning areas were investigated,and 156 villages were qualified in water arsenic,accounting for 98.1％ of the investigated villages.Conclusions The qualified rate of fluoride-safe water supply projects is relatively low in drinking water type of fluorosis areas.It has not yet reached the national standard and the management of fluoride-safe water supply projects should be strengthened.The effect of arsenic-safe water supply projects on prevention of drinking water type of arsenic poisoning is significant.

Patients on Porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations of vital teeth are increasingly year by year, this article mainly discusses the psychological characteristics of adult on porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations of vital teeth on the view of medical ethics.It is helpful to lighten patients’burden and complete treatment successfully by improving the qualities of dentists and giving patients psychological guidance.

Two new sesquiterpenoids, named as tyromols A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from cultures of basidiomycete Tyromyces chioneus, along with two previously reported 15-hydroxy-6 α, 12-epoxy-7β, 10αH, 11βH-spiroax-4-ene (3) and agripilol C (4). Compounds 1-4 were separated and purified by silica gel, RP-18, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments.

Objective　To study the role of TNFα in the plasm a and skin and IL-1 in the serum in the formation of secondary thrombosis after skin avulsion. Methods　After avulsive flap at size of 12 cm×4 cm was inflicted on the hind legs of pigs, skin specimens and venous blood sam ples were taken at various time points. The contents of TNFα in plasma and skin were determined with radio-immunoassay, and the activity of serum IL-1 wi th 3［H］-TdR. Results　The TNFα contents in the plasma and skin were increased significantly after avulsion（P<0.01），which were (41 5±24) ng/L and (298±18.5) ng/L respectively on the 3rd day after the injury. T he activity of IL-1 in the serum was increased (P<0.05) and was (2.59± 0.85 ) ng/L on day 3. Conclusion　The changes of TNFα contents and I L-1 activity in blood and skin play important roles in the inducetion and aggra vation of secondary tissue necrosis and early thrombosis after skin avulsion.

AIM: To study the expression of the VEGF in single and multiple superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma and their clinical significance. METHODS: Immunohistochemical method was used to study the VEGF in 60 cases of superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma and in 10 cases of normal bladder tissue as control. RESULTS: High expression of VEGF in bladder carcinoma cell was observed. The expression level of VEGF in multiple superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma was higher than that in single superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma. The recurrent rate in the patient with VEGF high expression was more than that in the patient with VEGF low expression. CONCLUSION: The expression level of VEGF was correlated to the biological behavior of superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum 25 (OH)D level and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Totally 113 AD impatients were enrolled in this study.Their serum 25 (OH) D2,25 (OH) D3,and total 25 (OH) D levels were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Patients were divided into Vitamin D severe deficiency group [25 (OH)D level≤25 nmol/L],deficiency group [25 (OH)D levels:25-50 nmol/L],insufficiency group [25 (OH) D level:50-75 nmol/L],and sufficiency group [25 (OH) D level ≥ 75 nmol/L] according to the criteria proposed by US Institute of Medicine.The cognitive function was assessed by MMSE score.The association between serum 25 (OH) D level and cognitive function was systematically analyzed.Results The serum levels of 25 (OH) D,25 (OH) D2,and 25 (OH) D3 were (27.08 ± 15.33) nmol/L,(1.23 ± 0.93) nmol/L and (24.50 ± 13.04) nmol/L in AD patients.The proportions of severe deficiency,deficiency,insufficiency,and sufficiency were 60.18％ (68/113),30.97％ (35/113),7.97％ (9/113),and 0.88％ (1/113),respectively,among these AD patients.A positive correlation was found between serum 25 (OH) D concentration and MMSE score in AD patients.Conclusions Impatients with AD often have severe vitamin D deficiency and need vitamin D supplementation.Serum 25 (OH) D concentration is associated with cognitive function,and therefore vitamin D supplementation may improve cognitive function.

Objective To explore the role of default mode network (DMN) in the pathophysiology of depression and the correlations between the functional connectivity (FC) of DMN and the clinical characteristics of depression through the resting-state fMRI scan in depressed patients. Methods Sixteen medication-na?ve patients with major depressive disorder and 15 healthy controls were recruited and underwent the resting-state MRI scan. Hamiliton depression rating scale (HAMD) was used to evaluate patients’symptom. The FC of DMN and its correlations with clinical features of pa-tients were analyzed. Results Compared with healthy controls, the FC within DMN in depressed patients is disturbed. There were negative correlations between the left mPFC-left hippocampus FC and HAMD total scores (r=-0.569, P=0.021) and subscale scores for sluggishness (r=-0.498, P=0.050). The left mPFC-right hippocampus FC in patients was negatively correlated with HAMD scores (r=-0.508, P=0.045). There were negative correlations between FC in the hippo-campus and HAMD subscale scores for cognitive impairment (r=-0.509, P=0.044). Conclusions The results suggest that there is abnormal FC within DMN in drug-na?ve patients with depression during resting state and some abnormal altera-tions of FC may be correlated with the clinical characteristics in depression.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of three-dimensional digital fusion anatomy in the preoperative evaluation and therapeutic strategy choice of intracranial tumors.Methods MRI scan,including regular MRI,MRA,MRV and DTI,were performed in 87 case.Then tumor themselves as well as tumor-associated structures were reconstructed and fused through iPlan 2.6 software.Based on the reconstructed images,therapeutic strategy were established,preoperative and intraoperative imags were compared.Results The digital reconstruction were successfully finished in all cases.Meanwhile,digital images,originally radiological images and actual images matched well.No approach-associated complication were met in our series.Among tumors in the convexity,the relationship of the reflux veins and the tumors were divided into three types:anterior(12 cases),posterior(19 cases) and overriding(3 cases).All of the relationships were seen in the preoperative fusion image,and the veins were all effectively protected during operation.The tumor-associated arteries could be pushed or wraped by the tumors,and the three-dimensional fusion image could provided their virtually aberrant pathway as well as their relationship with tumor.During microsurgical managment of tumors in the deep brain parenchyma,safe approach were found with the help of comprehensive understanding of the tumors and their adjacent structures.Conclusion Three-dimensional digital fusion anatomy can vividly and accurately display full rang of information about the tumor,and facilitate tumor treatment safely.

Objective To explore whether the process of oxidative stress exists in schizophrenia through analyzing changes of levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) ,and analyse the influence of age on SOD and MDA .Methods Serum levels of MDA and SOD in the schizophrenia group and healthy control group were detected by using enzyme‐linked immu‐nosorbent assay(ELISA) and were statistically analysed by using t test .Results Compared with the healthy control group ,there was an increase in serum level of MDA and a decrease in serum level of SOD in the schizophrenia group ,and had statistically signifi‐cant differences(P<0 .05) .Moreover ,statistically significant differences were found between subjects in the same age group of the two groups(P<0 .05) .Meanwhile ,serum levels of MDA and SOD were respectively compared in the two groups between different age groups ,it was shown that in the schizophrenia group and healthy control group there were no statistically significant differences of serum levels of MDA and SOD between subjects 50 years old and over and subjects younger than 50 years old(P>0 .05) .Conclu‐sion The process of oxidative stress exits in patients with schizophrenia ,and oxidative stress may be involved in the occurrence and progression of schizophrenia .Patients′age may not be significantly correlated with schizophrenia .

Objective To investigate the distribution of endemic arsenism and to provide a scientific basis for control and prevention of the disease.Methods According to previous investigation,in the high-arsenic water areas,the arsenic diseased areas and the surrounding lands,35 counties were investigated.Water arsenic was screened in all the survey sites,villages with water arsenic exceeding the standard were quantitative surveyed of water arsenic and the disease conditions.Screening of arsenic content in drinking water was done by the method of half-quantitative fast reagent kit.Quantitative determination of arsenic in water was done by hydride generationatomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS).Patients of endemic arsenism were diagnosed by the Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsenism (WS/T 211-2001).Identification of area was done by Definition and Division Standard for Endemic Arsenism (WS 277-2007).The data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 for windows.Results Water arsenic of 151 villages in 15 counties among 1 771 villages were higher than the national drinking water quality level(0.05 mg/L).Exposure population of high arsenic was 177 018 people.The census results of high arsenic water sources indicated that the ratio of drinking water arsenic levels higher than the national standard was 35.10％ (2 355/6 709) and the highest contents of arsenic was 1.733 0 mg/L.The disease census indicated that there were 33 latency arsenism districts and 118 arsenism districts.There was totally 39 757 patients with latency arsenism.Totally 137 261 people lived in arsenism districts.Light,moderate and severe arsenism districts was 82,29 and 7,respectively.Totally 1 244 suspicious patients with endemic arsenism were discovered,and 3 473 light and more severe patients were discovered and the detected rate of light and more severe patients was 2.54％ (3 473/136 924).Most patient were not serious.Conclusions High arsenic areas and endemic arsenism areas are distributed in 15 counties of Shanxi Province.In the future primary task in prevention and control of endemic arsenism is comprehensive prevention and control measures.