Objective To explore the relationship between serum 25 (OH)D level and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Totally 113 AD impatients were enrolled in this study.Their serum 25 (OH) D2,25 (OH) D3,and total 25 (OH) D levels were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Patients were divided into Vitamin D severe deficiency group [25 (OH)D level≤25 nmol/L],deficiency group [25 (OH)D levels:25-50 nmol/L],insufficiency group [25 (OH) D level:50-75 nmol/L],and sufficiency group [25 (OH) D level ≥ 75 nmol/L] according to the criteria proposed by US Institute of Medicine.The cognitive function was assessed by MMSE score.The association between serum 25 (OH) D level and cognitive function was systematically analyzed.Results The serum levels of 25 (OH) D,25 (OH) D2,and 25 (OH) D3 were (27.08 ± 15.33) nmol/L,(1.23 ± 0.93) nmol/L and (24.50 ± 13.04) nmol/L in AD patients.The proportions of severe deficiency,deficiency,insufficiency,and sufficiency were 60.18％ (68/113),30.97％ (35/113),7.97％ (9/113),and 0.88％ (1/113),respectively,among these AD patients.A positive correlation was found between serum 25 (OH) D concentration and MMSE score in AD patients.Conclusions Impatients with AD often have severe vitamin D deficiency and need vitamin D supplementation.Serum 25 (OH) D concentration is associated with cognitive function,and therefore vitamin D supplementation may improve cognitive function.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from pregnant woman′s urine samples.Methods The urine samples of pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination were collected and cultured.VITEK2 automatic bacterial analyzer was used to identify the bacteria strains,and Escherichia coli ,Streptococcus agalac-tiae were tested for their drug susceptibility.Results The positive rates of urine culture were 4.4%和 3.8% respectively in 2011 and 2012.The top 5 most isolated strains were Escherichia coli ,S .agalactiae ,Enterococcus faecalis ,K .pneumoniae and Propeus vulgaris .In 2011 and 2012,the resistance rates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin and piperacillin was more than 50%,ESBLs-produ-cing rate in Escherichia coli had decreased in 2012 than 2011,the resistance rates of S.agalactiae to erythromycin and clindamycin were more than 30%.Conclusion Escherichia coli accounted for the largest proportion in the strains isolated from urine samples of pregnant women,The pathogen of urinary tract infection in pregnant women are still mainly Gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia co-li),the main pathogens common antibiotics are varying degrees of resistance,pathogens all display common drug resistance of var-ying degrees.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of two different endodontic sealers on the bond strength of two fiber posts cemented with adhesive resin cement.

METHODSTwenty-eight crownless human maxillary central incisors were prepared with the step-back technique and randomly divided into four groups according endodontic sealer and fiber: Group A, Cortisomol sealer+Matchpost fiber post; Group B, Cortisomol sealer+Macrolock fiber post; Group C, Guttaflow sealer+Matchpost fiber post; Group D, Guttaflow sealer+Macrolock fiber post. One week after fiber posts were bonded, a thin-slice push-out test was performed in a universal machine. Morphologic structure of the root canal dentin surfaces etched and the adhesive interfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

RESULTSThe bond strengths of 4 groups were (7.06 +/- 3.22), (9.31 +/- 3.61), (6.90 +/- 3.13), (9.71 +/- 3.42) MPa. The bond strengths of group B and D were significantly higher than that of group A and C (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between group A and C, group B and D (P > 0.05). The cervical third had the highest mean push-out bond strength, next to middle third and apical third (P < 0.01). SEM showed that larger numbers of the dentin tubules were open after the root canals were etched and penetration of resin tags into the dentinal tubules increased in the coronal root region when compared with the apical root region.

CONCLUSIONThe shear bond strength doesn't have relationship with endodontic sealers. The serration significantly increases the retention of fiber post. The bond strengths are different at the three root segment sites.

Dental Bonding ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Drug Combinations ; Gutta-Percha ; Humans ; Incisor ; Post and Core Technique ; Resin Cements ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth Root ; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

ObjectiveTo report the first laboratory-confirmed human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) case in Shandong Province.MethodsThe epidemiological investigation was done by filling out questionaires.Blood sample was collected for detecting the specific 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilumandEhrlichiachaffeensisbynested-polymerasechainreaction(PCR).ResultsThis case was characterized by acute onset of fever,leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.The specific 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was negative and the specific 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia chaffeensis was positive by nested PCR test.The PCR product was sequenced.The homology was above 99 ％ between the acquired nucleotide acid sequence and the Ehrlichia chaffeensis sequences registered in GenBank.ConclusionThe Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection exists in Shandong Province,which warrants further research on these natural loci of HME in this area.

Objective To comment the severity of severe hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)by pediatric risk of mortality score(PRISM),and assess the performance of PRISM in predicting mortality or complication probability in HFMD.Methods Four hundred and twenty-four severe HFMD pediatric patients were recruited in the study from 1th Jan 2010 to 31th June 2013.Information on the outcome and the varia-bles required to calculate PRISM score were collected.The logistic regression model developed in the learning sample was evaluated in the test sample by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve to assess discrimination pneumorrhagia and death.Calibration across deciles of risk was evalua-ted using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit χ2 test.Results The area under the ROC curve were 0.87 (95%CI 0.80~0.94 )for PRISM in predicting pneumorrhagia probability.The area under the ROC curve were 0.87(95%CI 0.80~0.95)for PRISM in predicting mortality probability.The PRISM in observed and expected pneumorrhagia did not demonstrate good calibration at ten mortality risk intervals (χ2 =36.66, P<0.001 ).The PRISM in observed and expected mortality did not demonstrate good calibration at ten mortali-ty risk intervals(χ2 =41.11,P<0.001).Conclusion The PRISM score is demonstrated good discrimination of pneumorrhagia and death in HFMD pediatric patients,but the performance of calibration is not good.

Objective To analyze the clinical value of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) treatment in children with severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) complicated with cardiopulmonary failure,via the prognostic comparison of the general comprehensive treatment and CVVH add-on treatment.Methods Fifty-one cases of severe HFMD with cardiopulmonary failure were divided into a CVVH group (n =19) and a control group(n =32) based on whether CVVH add-on or not.Their physiological and biochemical indicators were recorded and pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) and pediatric risk of mortality score (PRISM Ⅲ) were calculated within 24 hours,when they were diagnosed with neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE)/pulmonary hemorrhage.Both groups were treated with endotracheal intubation,mechanical ventilation with high PEEP,corticosteroids,ulinastatin,actively lowering the intracranial pressure,fluid resuscitation,milrinone,dopamine and other vasoactive drugs,high-dose intravenous gamma globulin,the CVVH group were added with CVVH treatment(duration ＞ 12 h).Prognosis difference of CVVH add-on treatment after diagnosed with NPE/pulmonary hemorrhage by tracking indicators of the third day.Survival analysis between two groups were compared by 3-day survival rates,7-day survival rates,28-day survival rates and the finally survival rates.Results (1) The overall conditions of two groups were comparable when diagnosed with NPE/pulmonary hemorrhage.PCIS,PRISM Ⅲ,WBC counting,lactic acid,micro-blood sugar,myocardial enzymes and liver enzymes showed no significant difference between two groups.Three days after treatment,WBC and lactic acid decreased,but there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),the remaining indicators had significantly improved in the CVVH group than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The 3-day survival rate,7-day survival rate,28-day survival rate and the finally survival rates in control group and CVVH group were 40.63 ％ vs.84.21％,37.50％ vs.73.68％,25.00％ vs.63.16％,18.75％vs.52.63％,the survival rate in CVVH group were significantly higher(P ＜0.05).(3)The survival curve indicated that the survival time of CVVH group was significantly longer than that of the control group,the median survival time were 17 d and 2 d,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).(4)In the CVVH group,15 cases received CVVH after diagnosed with NPE/pulmonary hemorrhage within 12 hours,of which 10 cases(66.67％) ultimately survived,while the other 4 cases received CVVH after 12 h were all end to death,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).Further analysis of the impact of the timing of blood purification on the prognosis of children showed that the mortality rates of children received CVVH within 6 hours,6 to 12 hours,after 12 hours of diagnosis of NPE/pulmonary hemorrhage,were 2/8,3/7,4/4,respectively.Conclusion Continuous hemofiltration can significantly improve the prognosis of children with severe HFMD,and may be preferable to perform in early stage.

Objective To assess the disease severity and prognosis value by observing the kinetic change of serum procalcitonin(PCT),PCT clearance rate(PCT-C) and Δsequential organ failure assessment (ΔSOFA) score in the patients with septic shock.Methods A single-center observational study was conduc-ted.A total of 274 patients with septic shock admitted into intensive care unit of Hunan Province Children′s Hospital from July 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled.The patients were divided into survival group(n=178) and nonsurvival group(n=96)according to the therapeutic outcome on day 28.The PCT and SOFA scores were estimated within 24 hours when septic shock was diagnosed.PCT-C and ΔSOFA were examined on day 2,day 3,day 5,day 7,day 9 after the septic shock was diagnosed.The diagnostic and predictive per-formance of PCT,PCT-C and ΔSOFA score were assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results There were no statistical differences on serum concentrations of PCT at 24 hour,48 hour, 72 hour between two groups.But PCT-C in survival group on day 2,day 3,day 5,day 7,day 9 were signifi-cant higher than those of nonsurvival group.The area under the ROC curve were 0.800(95%CI 0.69~0.91, P=0.000)for PCT-C on day 9,0.980(95%CI 0.78 ~0.95,P<0.000)for ΔSOFA on day 9 and 0.779 (95%CI 0.66 ~0.89,P <0.001)for SOFA score when septic shock was diagnosed. A ROC analysis identified a PCT-C on day 9 more than 38.98%(sensitivity:78.90%,specificity:66.80%) as the most accurate cut-off in predicting death.A ROC analysis identified ΔSOFA score on day 9 less than -0.5(sensi-tivity:89.10%,specificity:91.50%) as the most accurate cut-off in predicting death. Conclusion The increased levels of PCT in patients with septic shock were associated with the poor control of infection and may indicate the deterioration of septic shock,it also can reflect the activity of infection in time. Keeping observing the dynamic change of PCT and analyzing PCT-C are more useful.The PCT-C levels and ΔSOFA score may provide evidence of disease progression and be helpful in risk stratification in patients with septic shock,and lower level of PCT-C and ΔSOFA score may accompany serious infection and predict poor prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different medicine treatment strategies on the social functions promotion on the patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods 375 Patients with TRD were randomly grouped into 8 groups, and each group was received 8 weeks different treatment for paroxetine,venlafaxine, mirtazapine, paroxetine plus risperidone, paroxetine plus sodium valproate, paroxetine plus buspirone, paroxetine plus trazodone,or paroxetine plus thyroxine, respectively. The efficacy and social functions were evaluated with HAMD-17, SDSS and SF-36. Results There were significant difference in SDSS scores between 8th week and the baseline( P＜0.01 ) , and for social functions factor scores of SF-36 there was significant difference between 4th ,8th week and the baseline in each groups( P＜0.01 ). There were significant difference in social functions factor scores of SF-36 and subtracting scores between 4th and 8th week in all groups except group paroxetine and group venlafaxine(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). There were significant difference in SDSS subtracting scores at 8th week among 8 groups( paroxetine plus risperidone group 7.05 ± 6.39, mirtazapine group 6.53 ± 4.75, paroxetine plusthyroxine group 5.14 ± 4.94, paroxetine group 5.13 ± 4.94 ,paroxetine plus trazodone group 5.00 ± 4.94, paroxetine plus sodium valproate group 4.60 ± 4.09, venlafaxine group 4.57 ± 4.18, paroxetine plus buspirone group 4.24 ± 4.95 ) ( Z = 2.076, P ＜ 0.05 ), between group paroxetine plus risperidone and group venlafaxine , group paroxetine plus sodium valproate, group paroxetine plus buspirone,as group mirtazapine and group paroxetine plus buspirone(P＜ 0.05 ), respectively. The influencing factors on improving social functions are the severity, improvement of depressive symptoms and latest onset time. Conclusions These 8 treatment strategies all can promote social functions on the patients with TRD. But the intensity and chronological order of improvement werent the same among 8 groups. The influencing factors on improving social functions are the severity, improvement of depressive symptoms and latest onset time.

Objective·To investigate the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of complement factor H (CFH) gene with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population.Methods·The genotype,allele,and haplotype frequencies of 5 SNP loci (rs800292,rs 1061170,rs 10801555,rs 10922096 and rs2019727) in CFH gene were compared between 418 patients with schizophrenia (case group) and 655 normal people (control group) by SNaPshot technique.Results·All SNP loci were well genotyped in the subjects.Correlation analysis showed that rs1061170 locus allele frequency distribution difference between case group and control group was statistically significant (corrected P=0.045),while genotype and allele frequencies of other SNP loci were not significantly different (all corrected P＞0.05).The frequency of haplotype C-A-T-A-A (rs800292-rs1061170-rs10801555-rs10922096-rs2019727) in case group was different from that in control group (corrected P=0.013).Conclusion·The allele polymorphisms of rsl061170 and the haplotype C-A-T-A-A of rs800292-rs 1061170-rs 10801555-rs 10922096-rs2019727 may be associated with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To explore the role of SHARPIN in regulation of Rip1 in castration-resistant prostate cancer LNCaP-AI cells.METHODS:The LNCaP-AI cells were treated with TNF-α+Z-VAD ( an inhibitor of pan-caspase) to activate necroptosis, which were compared to the cells treated with TNF-α+Z-VAD+Nec-1 ( an inhibitor of Rip1 ) .A blank group and a TNF-α-treated group were set up as controls.The cell viability in each group was measured by MTS as-say.In addition, SHARPIN was knocked down by siRNA, and the inhibitory efficiency was evaluated by RT-qPCR.The expression of Rip1 at mRNA and protein levels after knocking down SHARPIN was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot to explore the underlying mechanism of regulatory network of necroptosis in prostate cancer.RESULTS: Compared with blank control group and TNF-α-treated group, the viability of LNCaP-AI cells treated with TNF-α+Z-VAD decreased by 28%(P<0.05).After treated with TNF-α+Z-VAD+Nec-1, the LNCaP-AI cells showed no significant difference in the viability compared with blank control and TNF-α-treated groups.Taken together, necroptosis may be an important way of cell death in LNCaP-AI cells.Besides, the expression of Rip1 at protein level was up-regulated following the inhibition of SHARPIN using siRNA, indicating that down-regulation of SHARPIN enhanced necroptosis via activating Rip1 in
LNCaP-AI cells.CONCLUSION:Necroptosis is an important way of cell death .Inhibition of oncogenic factor SHARPIN enhances necroptosis via activating Rip1 in LNCaP-AI cells.