Objective To improve the knowledge of X-ray findings of heart and lung in chronic renal failure ( CRF ) . Methods X-ray findings of heart and lung in 120 cases with CRF were analysed retrospectively.Results The X-ray appearances of lung and heart in CRF included augment and blur of hilum, increased, tortuous and disorder lung markings, accretion of heart, and the abnormal shadows in lung were irregular, inhomogeneus and changing fast in morphology. Conclusion Radiography can supply valuable messages and is ofconsiderable value in the diagnosis of CRF.

Objective:To study the dissolution behavior of panax notoginseng saponins R1 , ginseng saponin Rg1 and ginseng sapo-nin Rb1 in Xuesaitong soft capsules in two different dissolution media. Methods:The dissolution test conditions were confirmed accord-ing to“quality of medical drugs information set” of Japan and the dissolution media were chosen in accordance with the physicochemi-cal properties of Xuesaitong soft capsules, the in vitro dissolution of Xuesaitong soft capsules was inspected respectively in pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer and water. The dissolution rate was determined by HPLC-ELSD, and the similarity of the release curves for the three components was compared with similarity factors ( f2 ) method. Results: The assay displayed a good linearity over the concentration range of 0. 8-16. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 6), 3. 0-60. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 8) and 4. 0-80. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 7) for panax notog-inseng saponins R1 , ginseng saponin Rg1 and ginseng saponin Rb1 , respectively. In pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer and water, f2 of ginseng saponin Rg1 and ginseng saponin Rb1 were both above 50 when compared with panax notoginseng saponins R1 . Conclusion:The meth-od is simple, accurate and reproducible in the dissolution determination of the soft capsules. The dissolution of ginseng saponin Rg1 and ginseng saponin Rb1 has similar characteristics with that of panax notoginseng saponins R1 in Xuesaitong soft capsules.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and tendency of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014,and to grasp the epidemic regularity and predict the trend of HFRS for establishing effective prevention and control measures.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of HFRS in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014.The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to analyze,fit and predict the epidemic data of 2015.Results There were 8 500 HFRS patients in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014,the incidence rate was 10.60/100 000.The morbidity increased at first and then decreased from 2005 to 2014;the incidence rate was 9.06/100 000 in 2005 and up to 19.46/100 000 in 2010,then down to 3.43/100 000 in 2014.More cases were reported in spring (15.85％,1 347/8 500) and autumn-winter seasons (72.91％,6 197/8 500).The high-risk age group of HFRS was between 15 to 59 years,accounting for 77.71％ (6 605/8 500) of the overall incidence rate;there were no significant differences in ＜ 15 years,15 to 59 years and ＞ 59 years groups (x2 =15.63,P ＞ 0.05).The male to female ratio was 3.01 ∶ 1.00,male incidence was 15.57/100 000 and female incidence rate was 5.41/100 000,and the difference was statistically significant between gender (x2 =1 948.84,P ＜ 0.05).The main occupation was farmers,accounting for 66.04％ (5 613/8 500) of the overall incidence rate.The top 4 districts were Chang'an,Zhouzhi,Huxian and Lintong;the incidence rate was 31.07/100 000,22.74/100 000,21.09/100 000 and 11.06/100 000,respectively,and the 10 years cumulative incidence rate was higher than the total incidence.The monthly incidence was predicted with ARIMA (1,1,0) × (0,1,1)12 models in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014,and the predicted number of cases was 235 in 2015 (lower than 2014).Conclusions The overall trend of the epidemic has continued to fall but slowly.Positive and effective comprehensive measures should be taken to maintain the incidence of hemorrhagic fever at a lower level.

The resting cells of Citrobacter freundii 48003 3 expressing high tyrosine phenol lyase activity under the inducing of L tyrosine were used for L DOPA synthesis from catechol, pyruvate and ammonia In this paper, the effects of temperature, pH and substrate concentrations on the synthesis of L DOPA were studied At the optimal conditions of reaction, 9 5g/L of L DOPA was obtained in 12h

Objective To describe the vaccine inoculation rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the movement characteristics of rural population in the Xi'an epidemic area.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.The study covered all the four HFRS traditional high incidence areas (counties):Zhouzhi,Huxian,Chang'an and Lintong.Three villages were selected in each county and 20 households were selected in each village in 2013.Participants included all the persons of these families.People 16-60 years old were interviewed face to face about their sociodemographic and environmental information,and at the same time related HFRS vaccine history and characters of migrant workers were collected.Results Nine hundred and ninety-six persons were investigated,69.3 percent (690/996) were vaccinate-age population.Of all,49.0 percent (338/690) had HFRS vaccine history and 53.9 percent (372/690) had worked away from home most of the year.The inoculation proportion of workers which worked in their own counties (56.8％,67/118) were higher than that of workers worked outside (37.0％,60/162;39.1％,36/92,x2 =10.74,6.44,all P ＜ 0.017).In the workers that went back home every week,60.3 percent (76/126) had vaccinated.Workers that went back home once a year had the lowest proportion of inoculation (16.7％,7/42).The morbidity of HFRS decreased significantly accompany with ascend of inoculation rate (Y =-0.524X + 38.319,t =-4.581,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After the free vaccinations,there is still a gap between the vaccine inoculation rate and prevention benefit.The current vaccination strategies need to be adjusted.

Objective To describe the clinical features of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in popular period and other period.Methods All the HFRS patients from epidemic areas in Xi' an were surveyed retrospectively.The sociodemographic data,symptom characteristics and laboratory test results were collected.Chi-square test,rank test were used to analyze the data.Results Totally 429 HFRS cases were recruited including 280 male (65.3％) and the male/female ratio was 1.9 ∶ 1.Adults with 16-60 years of age were the main group,which accounted for 74.8％ of the total cases.The constituent ratios of cases with 16-60 years of age in popular period and other period were 76.1％ (245/322) and 71.0％ (76/107),respectively; the sex ratios were 1.93∶1 and 1.74∶1,respectively; the time from fever onset to hospitalization was 3 d and 4 d,respectively; the time of hospitalization was both 10 d; the proportions of emergency cases were 59.8％ (189/316) and 67.6％ (71/105),respectively; the proportions of cured cases were 56.4％ (181/321) and 43.4％ (46/106),respectively.The clinical features were not significantly different between popular period and other period (all P＞0.05).The immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody positive rate was 85.4％ (315/369) and those in popular period and other period were 88.4％ (251/ 284) and 75.3％ (64/85),respectively (x2 =8.968,P＜0.01).There was a positive correlation between symptom severity and outcome of discharge (x2=18.558,P＜ 0.01),the more slight symptoms were related with the better outcome.Conclusion The clinical features are similar in cases from popular period and other period from Jan 2008 to Jun 2011.

AIM　The purpose is to construct D-hydantoinase genetic engineering strain for the purpose of the industrial production of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine. METHODS　D-hydantoinase gene was created from Pseudomonas putida 9801 by PCR technique and inserted into pMD18-T vector. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into several Escherichia coli strains. The positive transformants with D-hydantoinase activity were obtained by the two step screening, digoxigenin DNA labeling in situ hybridization and D-hydantoinase activity assay. RESULTS　The D-hydantoinase activity of the genetic engineering strain E.coli BL21/pMD-dht was 1700 U*L-1 and increased as high as 8 times compared with those of wild-type strain Pseudomonas putida 9801. The subunit molecular weight of recombinant D-hydantoinase was about 53 kDa measured by SDS-PAGE. The amount of the recombinant D-hydantoinase was about 20 percent of total bacterial soluble proteins. CONCLUSION　The genetic engineering strain E.coli BL21/pMD-dht possesses the initial industrial production prospects.

Objective To establish the method for determining the content of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA in Zhiwei Fuwei Wan. Methods The determination of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA was performed on Symmetry C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2%phosphate (60∶40) at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 262 nm. Results The linear ranges of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA were 0.081 4-0.407 2 μg (r=0.999 7) and 0.163 6-0.81 8 μg (r=0.999 5) respectively, the average recoveries were 99.70% (RSD=1.37%) and 99.22% (RSD=0.94%) respectively. Conclusion The method is simple and rapid for the quality control of the product.

Objective To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of contents of asiaticoside, tetrahydropulmatine and saikosaponin d in Shenji Huwei Granules. Methods The analysis was performed on a R&C C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) by using the mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) - phosphate buffer (which used potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8.34 g, potassium phosphate 0.87 g dissolved by 1000 mL water) with gradient elution (0–15 min, 20％A; 15–30 min, 20％→40％A; 30–42 min, 40％A; 42–45 min, 40％→48％A; 45–50 min, 48％A; 50–70 min, 48％→50％A). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm; the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. Results Asiaticoside, tetrahydropulmatine and saikosaponin d were in the linear ranges among 0.173–2.770 μg (r=0.9999), 0.021–1.320 μg (r=0.9992), 0.151–9.660 μg (r=0.9993), respectively. The average recovery rates of asiaticoside, tetrahydropulmatine, saikosaponin d were 96.25％, 97.02％, and 97.84％, respectively, and RSD were 2.31％, 4.51％, 1.87％, respectively. Conclusion This method is simple, with good separation effect and strong specificity, and can be used for simultaneous determination of contents of asiaticoside, tetrahydropulmatine and saikosaponin d in Shenji Huwei Granules, which provides references for perfection of quality control of Shenji Huwei Granules.

Objective: To establish a dissolution determing method for the two primary ingredients atenolol and nifedipine in YakepingⅡcapsules. Methods:A small glass method was adopted with the rotation rate of 50 r·min-1 . According to the dissolution conditions in Japan “quality of medical drugs information set” with appropriate adjustments in accordance with the actual situation of the samples, different YakepingⅡ capsules were determined by HPLC respectively in pH 1. 2 artificial gastric solution ( containing 0. 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate), pH 4. 0 acetate buffer(containing 0. 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate), pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer(contai-ning 0. 25% sodium dodecyl sulfate) and water(containing 0. 25% sodium dodecyl sulfate). Results:The assay displayed a good lin-earity over the concentration range of 10-30 μg·ml-1 for atenolol and nifedipine(r=0. 999 6 and r=0. 999 8), and the recovery of the two components in the different medium was 99. 64%(RSD=0. 73%), 99. 55%(RSD=0. 65%), 99. 53%(RSD=0. 47%)and 99.54% (RSD=0.51%), 99.52%(RSD=0.67%), 99.52%(RSD=0.72%), 99.51%(RSD=0.63%)and 99.61%(RSD=0. 59%)(n=9). The dissolution of different batches of YakepingⅡcapsules in the four media showed the similar behavior. Conclu-sion:The method is simple, accurate and reproducible in the dissolution determination of atenolol and nifedipine in YakepingⅡ cap-sules.