OBJECTIVE:To discuss the laws applicable to the behavior of“drug handling beyond limits”.METHODS:The concerned contents of the related laws,codes,administrative rules and regulations issued at different time were analyzed comparatively.RESULTS:Under different laws and regulations,the same illegal behavior had different qualitations and treatments.CONCLUSION:Under the current laws and regulations,the behavior of“drug handling beyond limits”was qualitatively regarded as“drug handling without license”remains to be further consulted.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the revision of the concept of drugs and regulations on non-medical substance used as medicines that stated in Drug Administration Law.METHODS: The existing legal defects were analyzed according to the difficulty related to the application of law in a administrative lawsuit case.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The conception of drug stated in Drug Administration Law is not accurate and standard enough,which is unfavorable to define non-medical substance used as medicines as sham medicine.Drug Administration Law should be improved by drawing lessons from legislative reference of foreign countries.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze relevant regulations in Drug Administration Law and to study the safety of drug use. METHODS:The key points of the safety of drug use were analyzed through reasoning analysis. RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The safety of drug use was the core of medicine legislation while there were still some problems on law execution and blind spots in legislation. It is suggested to standardize the research and development of drug and purchase channel,improve system for safety of drug use and role of clinical pharmacists so as to guarantee the safety of drug use.

Objective To discuss the characteristics, treatment method and prognosis of tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in children. Methods From January 1995 to December 2007, there were 25 cases (23 boys and 2 girls). The age at injury ranged from 12 to 16 years(average 13.5 years). All cases were unilateral involved (10 of left, 15 of right). All of the injuries resulted from participation in athletic activities, 10 in basketball, 7 while jumping, and 8 in football game. According to the classification of Ogden, there were 1 type 1A, 4 type 1B, 5 type 2A, 7 type 2B, 4 type 3A, and 4 type 3B fractures. One type 1A fracture was treated nonoperatively with east immobilization, and other 24 fractures with open reduction and internal fixation. Results All of 25 cases were followed from 14 months to 7 years (average 43 months). The range of motion of knee joint was 0°-140° 3 months after operation, and all of them recovered to pre-injury levels of activity by 6 months after operation. According to Mosier clinical assessment system, the final outcome was evaluated as excellent in all. Wound healed primary, no compartment syndrome was found. The time of bony union ranged from 2 to 5 months, with the mean time of 3 months. No complications of infection, ex-tremities deformity and inner fixation failure were found. Conclusion The tuberosity avulsion fracture in children is an uncommon and special type of epiphyseal injury. These fractures occur in the narrow range of 13 to 16 years of age. The majority of patients are males, and most of them are unilateral involved. This in-jury has an excellent outcome without deformity or functional loss, once adequate reduction and fixation of fracture fragments have been achieved.

Objective To investigate the value of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1) in the diagnosis of bacterial pleural effusion. Methods The levels of sTREM-1 in pleural effusion were determined in 30 patients with bacterial pleural effusion, 33 patients with malignant pleural effusion,31 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion and 28 patients with transudate by quantitative ELISA assay. The levels of CRP in pleural effusion were assayed using immunonephelometry method. The diagnostic value was assessed by receiver operating characteristic ROC curve analysis. Results The levels of sTREM-1［(1255.2±248.6)ng/L］ in bacterial pleural effusion were significantly higher than those in malignant ［（125.6±22.4）ng/L］, tuberculous［（184.5±36.5）ng/L］ and transudate groups［（92.5±20.8）ng/L］ (P＜0.05). For ROC curve, when the cut off value of sTREM-1 was set at 425 ng/L, the sensitivity , specificity ,accuracy, positive predictive value and negative value was 93.3%,90.3%,91.9%,93.2% and 93.3%, respectively. Conclusions Detection of sTREM-1 in pleural effusion is helpful to differentiate pleural effusion of bacterial origin from those with other etiologies.

Objective To investigate the reversal effect and the mechanism of sodium norcantharidate(SNCTD)on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549/DDP. Methods CKK assay was used to screen out non-toxic concentration (less than 10 percent of cell inhibition ratio) of SNCTD, and to measure the IC50 of cisplatin and IC50 of innoxious concentration SNCTD plus cisplatin in drug-resistant cell line. The accumulation effect of Rh123 was assayed by flow cytometry after treatment with non-toxic concentration of SNCTD. PT-PCR was used to detect the expression of mdr1, MRP1 gene for the drug-resistant cell line treated with non-toxic concentration of SNCTD for 48h. Results (1)The non-toxic concentration of SNCTD was 5μg/ml. SNCTD could decrease drug resistance to cisplatin. The reversal fold was 1.97. (2)The fluorescence intensity of Rh123 in the cells treated with 5μg/ml SNCTD was obviously increased (F=36.99, P＜0.05). (3)The expressions of mdr1, MRP1 gene decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusions SNCTD could reverse the resistance to cisplatin in A549/DDP cell line. It possibly downregulates the expression of mdr1, MRP1 gene, and inhibits the function of efflux pump of membrance protein.

Purpose:To study the therapeutic effect of rhG-CSF upon the severe hypogranulocytosis of children with acute leukemia after intensive chemotherapy. Methods:After intensive chemotherapy, the comparison between the group with rhG-CSF treatment ( n =136) and the control group ( n =65) was made on the ANC dropping time, the incidence rate and the degree of severity of the infection.Results:The period of ANC ≥0.5?109/L was shorter in the group with rhG-CSF treatment than that in the control group ( P

0.05),respectively.The average cost was 1 314.8 yuan in Group A versus 3 306.5 yuan in Group B(P

Objective To observe the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on intraoperative autotransfusion of blood quality , analysis of ligustrazine in autotransfusion of clinical value of blood quality control.Methods 68 patients undergoing elective surgery in our hospital from February 2015 to May 2016 were selected as the research object,and were randomly divided into control group and experimental group,each group of 34 cases.Two groups of patients in the intraoperative autologous blood transfusion and the control group according to conventional autologous transfusion in operation ,test group of patients with intravenous injection of ligustrazine injection in the recovery of blood before adding ligustrazine injection in the recovery process of blood.The two groups were collected before blood transfusion,observe the morphology of red blood cells, red blood cell fragments under the microscope and compared;the two groups were collected after reinfusion of blood two hours,one and five days in peripheral venous blood, the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), T lymphocyte subsets level of two groups were compared before and after one and five days. Results The erythrocyte deformability and erythrocyte debris of the two groups were higher than those before operation (P<0.05).The blood red blood cell deformability and the number of red blood cell debris in the blood transfusion group were significantly higher than those in the control group Significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).The levels of SOD were significantly lower at two hours and one day after operation than those before operation, and the serum SOD was still lower than that before operation in the control group,The SOD in the experimental group was significantly higher at two hours, one and five days in the control group,MDA was lower than the control group(P<0.05).The CD3 +,CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 +levels were significantly lower at two hours and one day after operation than those before operation (P<0.05).CD3 +,CD4 +and CD4 +/CD8 +in the control group were still lower than those in the control group at five days after operation(P<0.05),the levels of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 +were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group at two hours,one and five days after treatmen (P <0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse reactions.Conclusion The addition of preoperative intravenous injection of ligustrazine,blood recovery process,can effectively protect the transfusion of red blood cell integrity,reduce the effect of transfusion of blood and blood antioxidant capacity in patients with T lymphocyte immune function ,to improve the quality of blood transfusion patients has important clinical value .

This study is to investigate the influence and mechanism of action of asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the induced oxidative stress level on Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence. ADMA concentration, nitric oxide, Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity and the concentrations of the induced free radicals including malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 34 neurologically normal controls and 37 AD patients were quantitatively determined and statistically compared. The results showed that the ADMA concentration significantly decreased in AD patients, and it showed negative correlation with the NO, iNOS activity, and showed positive correlation with MMSE score. ADMA concentration was negatively correlated with Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio (P<0.01) with the observation that Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio increased while ADMA level decreased in CSF in AD patients. The concentration levels of MDA, 3-NT and ROS significantly increased compared with the control with all the P values less than 0.05. These findings suggested that the ADMA disorder and the oxidative damage effect of the induced free radicals in CSF of AD patients are an important mechanism of AD incidence, and their joint regulation may provide new idea for the prevention and clinical treatment of AD.