Objective To explore the application value of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute left heart failure. Methods 86 patients with acute left heart failure were selected and randomly divided into study group and control group,43 patients in each group. Two groups of patients after diagnosis,the control group were treated with conventional treatment, while patients in the study group were given breathing machine with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation treatment. Results Compared with control group,the efficiency and total effective rate in the study group were significantly increased, but the ineffictive rate significantly lower, there were significant differences (P<0. 05). At the same time,patients in the study group,HR and RR were significantly decreased,while PaO2 and SaO2 treatment were significantly higher, there were significant differences (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute left heart failure,its effects were positive,significant effect on the treatment of acute left heart failure is of great clinical value.

Objective This study was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction on the plasticity of visual cortex in adult monocular deprivation (MD) amblyopic mice,as well as to promote the treatment of amblyopia,and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of this benefical effect.Methods Fifty healthy newborn Kunming mice of clean grade were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table method:normal control group (n =14),MD+ ad libitum group (n=18) and MD+ caloric restriction group (n=18).A mouse model of adult MD amblyopia was established,and caloric restriction intervention and ad libitum were performed on MD + caloric restriction group and MD+ ad libitum group,respectively.The visual acuity and flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) of each group were detected.The synaptic structure of visual cortex neurons was observed by transmission electron microscope,and the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase-α(p-AMPKα) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in visual cortex were detected by Western blot.The animal feeding and use was in accordance with the standards set by the ARVO.Results The weight of mice in MD+ caloric restriction group increased from the beginning of the first week,and was significantly lower than that in the MD + ad libitum group (P＜0.05).Compared with the MD+ ad libitum group,the visual acuity was restored,the latency was shortened,and the amplitude of F-VEP was increased in the deprived eyes of MD+ caloric restriction group (all at P＜0.05).Transmission electron microscope observation showed that the width of synaptic gap of visual cortical neurons was significantly narrower,and the thickness of postsynaptic density was significantly thicker in MD+ caloric restriction group than that in the MD+ ad libitum group (both at P＜0.05);compared with the normal control group,the synaptic gap was widened and the postsynaptic density was significantly thicker than that in the MD+ ad libitum group (both at P＜0.05).Western blot showed that the expression of p-AMPKα in visual cortex in the normal control group,MD+ caloric restriction group and MD+ ad libitum group was 0.89±0.03,0.94±0.02 and 0.74 ±0.02,and the expression of SIRT1 was 0.97±0.11,0.95±0.14 and 0.58±0.13,respectively,showing significant differences among the three groups (F =14.57,P =0.00;F=23.91,P=0.00),the expressions of p-AMPKα and SIRT1 in visual cortex were increased in MD+ caloric restriction group than those in M D+ ad libitum group (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions Caloric restriction can restore the ultrastructure of synapses and improve the visual cortical plasticity in adult MD mice,so that help to improve visual function.Its mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK-SIRT1 pathway.

Objective To examine role and possible mechanism of enriched environment (EE) on regulating recovery of visual function in adult monocular deprivation amblyopia mice.Methods A total of 72 healthyKunming mice were divided into normal control group,monocular deprivation (MD) group,MD+EE group and M D+ fluoxetine group by random number table.Except for the normal control group,the mice in the other groups were sutured on the right eyelid 21 days after birth to establish MD amblyopia model.the mice were fed in standard environment or EE for 4 weeks according to the group.Visual acuity and flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) of mice in each group were detected.The distribution of microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) in visual cortex of adult amblyopic mice were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of MAP2,synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) protein in visual cortex of adult amblyopic mice were detected by western blot.The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Hunan Children's Hospital and conformed to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.Results There was a significant difference in the visual acuity of deprived eye among each group (F=114.632,P＜0.001).The visual acuity in MD group is lower than that in normal control group,with a significant difference (t =15.480,P＜0.001).Compared with MD group,visual acuity was restored in MD+ EE group and MD +fluoxetine group,with significant differences (t =15.071,P ＜ 0.001;t =14.841,P ＜ 0.001).There was a significant difference in the P2 latency and amplitude of F-VEP in deprived eye among each group (F=36.510,P=0.000;F=34.140,P=0.000).Compare with normal control group,P2 latency was prolonged and P2 amplitude of F-VEP was decreased in deprived eye in MD group,with significant differences (t =10.220,P =0.000;t =10.09,P =0.000).Western blot assay showed that there was a significant difference in the expression of MAP2 in visual cortex contralateral deprived eye among each group (F=18.142,P=0.000).The expression of MAP2 in MD group was significantly lower than that in normal contral group (t=3.056,P＜0.01);Compared with MD group,MAP2 expression was increased in MD+EE group and MD+fluoxetine group (t =2.541,P =0.031;t =2.157,P =0.017).There were significant differences in the expression of SYP and PSD-95 in visual cortex contralateral to deprived eye among each group (F =12.871,P =0.000;F =25.060,P =0.000).Compared with normal contral group,SYP and PSD-95 expression in visual cortex were down-regulated in MD group,with significant differences (t =6.054,P =0.000;t =8.631,P =0.000).The expression of SYP and PSD-95 protein in MD+EE group and MD+fluoxetine group were significantly higher than those in MD group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions EE can recover visual function through up-regulating the expression of MAP2,which can modulate the dendritic branch trim and neural plasticity of visual cortex in adult MD mice.

Objective:To investigate the effect of MCC950 (a NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor) on cognitive impairment in mice with radiation-induced inflammatory brain injury.Methods:Mice were divided into normal (NS) group, whole body irradiation (IR) group and MCC950 intervention post irradiation (IR+ MCC950) group according to the random number table method, with 15 mice in each group. The mice in IR group and IR+ MCC950 group were irradiated with a single dose of 4.0 Gy. The radiation source was 137Cs and the dose rate was 1.118 Gy/min. The mice in NS group were not irradiated. Mice in IR+ MCC950 group were injected intraperitoneally with MCC950 once a day (10 mg/kg each time) from 3 weeks after irradiation. Behavioral tests such as new and old things recognition experiment and social cognition experiment were used to detect the cognitive function of mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of NeuN protein in CA3 area of mouse hippocampus. PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory body related protein. Results:Compared with NS group, the short-term and long-term recognition index of new and old things in the IR group decreased significantly ( t=4.321, 5.473, P<0.01), and the social cognitive recognition index of the IR group also decreased significantly ( t=2.097, P<0.05). MCC950 treatment reversed the above changes (short-term and long-term new and old thing recognition test: t=5.860, 4.598, P<0.05; new and old position recognition test: t=3.040, P<0.05; social cognition test: t=4.021, P<0.01). The expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1 β and IL-18 in mice hippocampus of the IR group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=2.699, 8.515, 3.340, 3.950, P<0.05). Compared with NS mice, radiation significantly increased the expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and PARP1 in hippocampus ( t=3.887, 2.742, 3.287, P<0.05), while MCC950 significantly decreased the expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and PARP1( t=2.852, 4.090, 9.614, P<0.05). Conclusions:NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 could alleviate radiation-induced cognitive impairment, which may be due to the inhibition of hippocampal inflammatory and neuronal death.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and molecular features of Cryptosporidium in captive-bred Mustela putorius furo in Jiangsu Province.. Methods A total of 290 fresh stool samples were collected from a ferret farm in Jiangsu Province on May 2017, and the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Cryptosporidium was amplified in stool samples using nested PCR assay. The actin, cowp and gp60 genes were amplified in positive samples and sequenced to characterize Cryptosporidium species/genotypes. Results A total of 18 stool samples were tested positive for Cryptosporidium SSU rRNA gene, with a detection rate of 6.2%. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of SSU rRNA, actin and cowp genes characterized Cryptosporidium isolated from captive-bred ferrets as Cryptosporidium sp. ferret genotype. In addition, gp60 gene was amplified in 10 out of 18 stool samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium. Conclusions Cryptosporidium is widely prevalent in captive-bred ferrets in Jiangsu Province, and Cryptosporidium sp. ferret genotype is the only Cryptosporidium genotype in ferrets.