Objective To extract breathing pattern parameters during sleep and get the varying law of NREM and REM sleep stages. Method A newly designed respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) and a polysomnography (PSG) are utilized to record whole-night-sleep data simultaneously. The breathing pattern parameters obtained by RIP are dealt with according to the results of sleep stages and sleep apnea by PSG. Then the rule found out and summarized from the experiment is applied to distinguish REM sleep. Conclusion RC/VT can be used as an effective parameter to differentiate NREM and REM sleep. Using this parameter, the results of RIP totally accord with the results of PSG.

Objective To investigate the effects of 20% lipid emulsion on plasma ropivacaine concentration and myocardial ropivacaine content in rats. Methods Sixty male pathogen-free SD rats weighing 220-270 g were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 30 each): group A normal saline and group B lipid emulsion.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 4% pentobarbital 40 mg/kg. The femoral vein was cannulated for drug and fluid administration. ECG (lead Ⅱ) was continuously monitored. 1% ropivacainc 5 mg/kg was injected iv. A bolus of 20% lipid emulsion 5 ml/kg was then injected iv in group B, while in group A equal volume of normal saline was administered instead of 20% lipid emulsion. The animals were sacrificed at 5, 10,20, 40, 60 and 120 min after ropivacaine infusion (5 animals at each time point). Blood samples and myocardial specimens were taken for determination of plasma and myocardial ropivacaine levels by HPLC. Results Plasma ropivacaine concentration at 20 min after ropivacaine administration was significantly higher in group B than in group A. The myocardial ropivacaine concents at 5, 10 min after ropivacaine administration were significantly lower in group B than in group A. Conclusion 20% lipid emulsion infusion can bind ropivacaine and decreasee myocardial ropivacaine content thus reducing the cardiac toxicity of ropivacaine.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience of cervical trachea sleeve resection. METHOD: Twelve cases of sleeve resection between January 1985 and December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Six cases were adenoid cystic carcinoma, four cases were squamous cell carcinoma, one case was adenocarcinoma and one case was cervical tracheomalacia. Length of cervical trachea resection is three to six cm with primary anastomosis, among which five cases were over five cm, seven cases underwent laryngeal release and three cases underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. Nine cases were tracheal anastomotic stoma enwrapped with normal thyroid tissue and three cases were not. RESULT: Laryngeal function and normal phonation were saved, anastomotic stoma healed up, and the tracheal mucosa appear normal in all the patients . The three years survival rate and five years' survival rate were 85.37% and 56.61% for the patients respectively. CONCLUSION Cervical trachea sleeve resection accorded with the principle of tracheal tumors therapy. It was conducive to healing of the tracheal anastomosis.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Trachea ; surgery ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective:To investigate the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures and long-term behavior and possible mechanism in neonatal rats.Methods:A total of 141 postnatal days 4-6 Sprague-Dawley rats (66 male, 75 female) were divided into 3 groups ( n=47 in each group) according to random number table method: control group, sevoflurane group, and NKCC1 inhibitor group, with 22 males and 25 females in each group. Rats in the control group were fed in normal cage without anesthesia; rats in the sevoflurane group were anesthetized with 2.1% sevoflurane for 6 hours; rats in the NKCC1 blocker group received intraperitoneal injection of 1.82 mg / kg bumetanide 30 minutes before anesthesia with 2.1% sevoflurane. The rats in the control group and sevoflurane group were injected subcutaneously with the same dose of DMSO at the same time when the NKCC1 blocker group received the drug intervention, so as to eliminate the influence caused by the solvent. The rats were observed for 30 minutes after recovery from anesthesia and then continued to breastfeed normally. Some of the new born rats received EEG monitoring from 9 to 11 days after being raised; the other rats received EPM and PPI respectively at 60 and 70 days after being raised. Results:The results of EEG showed that, compared with the control group, the number of epileptic waves((0.429±0.787), (1.571±0.787), t=2.753, P<0.01), the average duration of single epileptic wave ((1.575±2.349), (6.392±3.374), t=3.880, P< 0.01), the total duration increased significantly ((1.800±3.617), (10.957±6.028), t= 3.929, P<0.01) were all increased, the differences were statistically significant. Compared with sevoflurane group, the number of epileptic waves in EEG of male rats in NKCC1 blocker group decreased, the average duration of single epileptic wave decreased, and the total duration of epileptic wave shortened significantly, with statistical significance ((0.286±0.756), (0.925±1.733), (1.043±2.759), t=3.097, 4.404, 4.254, all P<0.01). There were no significant differences in female rat among the three groups (all P>0.05). Compared with male rats, the average duration of female rats in sevoflurane group decreased ((6.392±3.374), (2.515±2.992), t=3.044, P<0.01), the total duration shortened ((10.957±6.028), (3.270±5.883), t=2.626, P<0.01), the difference was statistically significant.The behavioral results showed that, compared with the control group, the open arm dwell time of male rats in sevoflurane group was significantly shorter ( P<0.05), and the panic response in PPI group was significantly lower ( P<0.05), the difference was statistically significant.Compared with the sevoflurane group, the open arm dwell time in NKCC1 blocker group was significantly longer ( P<0.05), and the panic response in PPI group was significantly increased.The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The change trend in female rats of each group was similar to that of male rats, but there was no significant difference (all P>0.05). Comparison between male and female rats: compared with male rats in sevoflurane group, the female rats in sevoflurane group had a longer open arm stay time in EPM experiment ( P<0.05), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion:Sevoflurane anesthesia for 6 hours can significantly increase the generation of epileptic waves in EEG of male newborn rats, and cause behavioral abnormalities in adult male rats, which may be related to NKCC1.And male rats are more vulnerable to the negative effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on brain nerve development.

Visual behaviorally operant method is one of the main detections for identifying animal models of visual diseases, which is mainly through the optomotor response (OMR) and optokinetic reflex (OKR) stimulated by the virtual operating system (VOS). The automated VOS was commonly used as a powerful tool to control the contrast sensitivity and measure the spatial frequency of the monitoring device by adjusting parameters such as grating fringe width, rotation velocity and light intensity, and also to track the OKR, OMR, and the combined movement of OKR and OMR.Both the optimized measuring methods and evaluation indicators including the search coils, the corneal labeling, OMR-arena system, the OMR index, the staircase protocol tests and the improved stimuli from two-dimensional to three-dimensional helped to ensure the validity of test data.Moreover, the introduction of image recognition technology benefited in extracting the body and head contours of mice.Computer algorithms such as deep learning were also applied to analyze and process the visual behavior of diseased mice, which promoted sensitivity, shortened testing time, reduced detection errors and improved data accuracy.For all the factors mentioned, the VOS could be used as an effective research tool for glaucoma, cataract, retinopathy, hereditary eye disease, optic nerve degeneration and others.This article reviewed the value of VOS for visual behavioral assessment in mice models of visual disease from the visual detection methods and assessment indicators.

This paper aims to study the accuracy of cardiopulmonary physiological parameters measurement under different exercise intensity in the accompanying (wearable) physiological parameter monitoring system. SensEcho, an accompanying physiological parameter monitoring system, and CORTEX METALYZER 3B, a cardiopulmonary function testing system, were used to simultaneously collect the cardiopulmonary physiological parameters of 28 healthy volunteers (17 males and 11 females) in various exercise states, such as standing, lying down and Bruce treadmill exercise. Bland-Altman analysis, correlation analysis and other methods, from the perspective of group and individual, were used to contrast and analyze the two types of equipment to measure parameters of heart rate and breathing rate. The results of group analysis showed that the heart rate and respiratory rate data box charts collected by the two devices were highly consistent. The heart rate difference was (-0.407 ± 3.380) times/min, and the respiratory rate difference was (-0.560 ± 7.047) times/min. The difference was very small. The Bland-Altman plot of the heart rate and respiratory rate in each experimental stage showed that the proportion of mean ± 2SD was 96.86% and 95.29%, respectively. The results of individual analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of the whole-process heart rate and respiratory rate data were all greater than 0.9. In conclusion, SensEcho, as an accompanying physiological parameter monitoring system, can accurately measure the human heart rate, respiration rate and other key cardiopulmonary physiological parameters under various sports conditions. It can maintain good stability under various sports conditions and meet the requirements of continuous physiological signal collection and analysis application under sports conditions.