OBJECTIVE:The pathophysiology of myocardial fibrosis during hypertension is complicated.Recently,it has been shown that inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathophysiology of myocardial fibrosis.This review describes the relationships among hemodynamic stress,hormonal factors and inflammatory factors,and emphasizes the important position of inflammation during the progress of myocardial fibrosis.DATA SOURCES:Using the terms of "hypertension,myocardial fibrosis,inflammatory response,angiotensin,cytokines" in English and Chinese respectively,we searched Medline database,Chinese Biological Medicine Database (CBM) and CNKI to identify English and Chinese articles of clinical researches and experiments related to the effects of inflammatory response on myocardial fibrosis during hypertension published from January 1991 to May 2007.STUDY SELECTION:The articles were primarily checked.Only articles that reported inflammatory response and myocardial fibrosis were included.The repeated researches and experiments and Meta analysis were deleted.DATA EXTRACTION:A total of 641 articles have been selected.The titles of all the articles and most of the abstracts have been read,and 162 articles met the inclusive criteria whereas the other 479 articles were deleted.42 articles have been analyzed.DATA SYNTHESIS:During hypertension,the extracellular matrix expands because of reactive and reparative fibrosis,which at last results in myocardial fibrosis.Previous clinical and experimental studies showed that hemodynamic stress and hormonal factors affected the progress of myocardial fibrosis.While recently,there are growing evidences indicating that the immune system.related with hemodynamic stress and hormonal factors is activated during hypertension in the progress of myocardial fibrosis.Then the recruitment of inflammatory cells and factors,including chemoattractant proteins,adhesion molecules and cytokines,informing cytokines cascade response,in turn accelerate the progress of myocardial fibrosis.CONCLUSION:Inflammatory response may play an important role in the pathophysiology of myocardial fibrosis during hypertension and then accelerate the progress of heart failure.

Objective: To study the effect of methylene blue on the metabolism of reactive oxygen and acid production of Streptococcus mutans . Methods: Streptococcus of cricetusa, rattusb, mutansc, sobrinsd and mutans e,f and g were exposed to methylene blue at 2.5?10 -4 g/L for 1 h. The metabolism of reactive oxygen and acid production were detected by electron spin trapping method and gas chromatography respectively. Results: Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrums of DMPO-O - ? 2 and DMPO-OH ? were observed in Streptococcus mutans cultured in glucose fluid, but were not found in those exposed to methylene. The total of acid production by Streptococcus mutans incubated with glucose + methylene blue were significantly lower than that with single glucose. Conclusion: Methylene blue may inhibit oxygen species metabolism and acid production of Streptococcus mutans , it may be used as a kind of dental caries prevention agent.

This paper proposed a rehabilitation training system with electromyography (sEMG) feedback for stroke patients based on ARM embedded system and LabVIEW. The system can achieve real-time acquisition, processing and dualview of multi-channel sEMGs and compute related sEMG parameters including iEMG, RMS, MPF and co-contraction ratio. The system was detected by clinical experiments and related inspection department. The result showed that the system is functional, interactive and in accordance with the relevant standards for medical devices so that it can fully satisfy the clinical demands. In addition, the system can help doctors to master the training state of the patient more effectively in a real-time and quantitative way that is direct to improve the training programs of stroke patients.
Electromyography ; Humans ; Neurofeedback ; Stroke Rehabilitation

Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure ; complications ; virology ; Adult ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To discuss the preliminary experience of transcatheter aortic valve implatantion in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. Methods The baseline characteristics, hemodynamic changes and clinical outcomes of the patients received TAVI in our institution were analyzed. Results A total of 36 patients underwent TAVI between April 2012 and March 2014. The mean age was (73.4±8.7) years and 24 (66.7%) of them were men. The mean logistic EuroSCORE was (20.6±9.9)%. 25(70%) patients had bicuspid aortic valves. TAVI was successful in 35 patients (97.2%) and valve-in-valve implantation was required in 4 (11.1%) of them. After the procedure, the mean aortic-valve gradient reduced to (10.5±5.7) mmHg. In 2 patients (5.6%), there was marginal moderate periprosthetic leak. At 30 days, the survival rate was 97.2%. Two patients (5.6%) developed who later showed fuel recovery, without significant sequela. Permanent pacemakers were implanted in 10 patients (27.8%) due to the onset of third-degree atrioventricular block after TAVI. To date, the median follow-up duration has exceeded 323 days. 2 patients died of cancer on 374 days and 680 days after TAVI, respectively. Conclusions TAVI is feasible, safe and effective in treating severe stenosis of bicuspid as well as tricuspid aortic valve in selected Chinese patients unsuitable for surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical significance of expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),P16 and P27genes in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.Methods:The expressions of PCNA,P16and P27were detected by immunohistochemical staining (SP)in 55 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.Results:The higher and lower expressions of PCNA were 45.5%(19/55) and 65.5%(35/55) respectively;of P16 were 45.5%(25/55) and 54.5%(30/55)respectively.And the positive and negative expressions of P27 were 34.5%(19/55) and 65.5%(36/55),respectively.The correlation of expression of PCNA gene with local recurrence and tumor site showed significant (P=0.0317,P=0.0186);but the expression of P16was no any significant correlation in all of the variables.The expression of P27 was significant on the regional lymph node metastaisis (P=0.0083).When higher expression of P16was 45.5%(25/55),the P27positive expression was 56.0%(14/25),which showed a significant positive correlation (P=0.0025).Conclusion:In adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands,the PCNA gene should be one of the biological target predicting local recurrence,and P27gene should be one of the biological target justifying regional lymph node metastasis.

Objective To explore the feasibility of biplane-transesophageal echocardiography (Bip-TEE) in measuring the aortic annulus dimension (AAD).Methods Totally 24 patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) were collected,and their AAD was measured by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D-TTE),two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE),Bip-TEE and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) respectively.These four methods were compared with each other.The correlation between 3D-TEE measures and other three methods were analyzed.Results The AAD measured by 2D-TTE,2DTEE,Bip-TEE and 3D-TEE were (22.02±2.21)mm,(23.34±2.34)mm,(23.89±2.37)mm,(24.21±2.78)mm,respectively.The differences among 4 groups was significant (F=3.88,P=0.01).No statistically significant differences were found between Bip-TEE and 3D-TEE,2D-TEE and 3DTEE,Bip TEE and 2D-TEE (all P＞0.05).There were significant differences between 2D-TTE and 2D-TEE,2D-TTE and Bip-TEE,2D-TTE and 3D-TEE (all P＜0.05).The AAD measured by 3D-TEE were positively correlated with that of 2D-TTE,2D-TEE,Bip-TE (r=0.79,0.88,0.94,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Bip-TEE is a feasible method to measure the AAD rapidly and can provide reliable measurements for the prosthetic valve size in TAVI.

Objective To study the feasibility and accuracy of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT 3D-TEE) in measuring the aortic annulus dimension(AAD),and compared with CT measurements.Methods The AAD was measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE),transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) and RT 3D-TEE in 26 cases who were refered to our center for transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI).Cross-sectional RT 3D-TEE can offer the AAD derived from the aortic annulus area,the maximal AAD,the minimal AAD and the eccentric index(the maximal AAD/the minimal AAD).The echo dimensions were compared with the CT measurements.Results No statistically significant differences were found between RT 3D-TEE and CT,and they have the best correlation(r =0.92,P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,There was no statistically significant difference in the eccentric index of the AAD between RT 3D-TEE and CT(1.25± 0.12 vs 1.28± 0.13,P ＞0.05).Conclusions RT-3D TEE imaging not only measure the AAD accurately,but also provide the maximal AAD,minimal AAD and the eccentric index for TAVI.

Objective To understand the present status of human parasitic infections and their characteristics in rural areas of the southern part of Jiangsu Province, to provide basis of making practical control measures.Methods Four thousand and eighty-two people were examined with stool tests and those people were distributed in 8 slected spots in the southern part of Jiangsu Province,according to the methods of national investigation scheme on human principal parasites. Results The avarage infection rate of parasites was 6.71%. The male and female infection rates of parasites were 4.77% and 8.42%,respectively. There were significant differences (P

BACKGROUND: Adult acetabular dysplasia in advanced stage combined with hip joint osteoarthritis should undergo total hip replacement. The severity of acetabular lesion is various in different patients, which leads to significantly increased difficulty in reestablishing acetabulum. Acetabular medial wall displacement osteotomy can solve the component of acetabular prosthesis, but the displacement range of the acetabular medial wall following osteotomy is controversial.OBJECTIVE: To look for a suitable displacement range of acetabular medial wall following osteotomy by computer-aided design finite element analysis.METHODS: SolidWorks 2008 software was used to establish three-dimensional models of acetabular dysplasia pelvis. Acetabular medial wall displacement osteotomy was simulated to make acetabular medial wall bone displace from 2 mm bone contact to 7 mm bone contact in the pelvic cavity. One experimental group was set at 1 mm intervals, totally 10 experimental groups. The acetabulum in each group was split into four quadrants. The prosthesis acetabulum-bone interface in each group was analyzed by computer simulation contrast mechanics experiment. The Mises stress and shear stress values were measured between acetabular prosthesis and bone interface.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In groups 1, 5, 6, 9 and 10, the Mises stress was unevenly distributed in posterior inferior, anterior superior and anterior inferior quadrants. In groups 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8, the Mises stress was evenly distributed in posterior inferior,anterior superior and anterior inferior quadrants. Of them, the stress was most even in the group 4. In groups 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8, the shear stress was evenly distributed in the above-mentioned three quadrants. The shear stress was lowest in the groups 7 and 8.These indicate that joint force in the acetabulum mainly focused in the posterior superior quadrant. With the displacement of acetabular cup, the contact area of acetabular cup and bone would gradually increase, which finally increased the Mises stress in the contact surface. However, shear stress decreased with displacement of acetabular medial wall. Therefore, the suitable displacement range of acetabular medial wall osteotomy is 1 mm away from the pelvic cavity and 1 mm complete embolism in the pelvic cavity. The optimal position was 1 mm complete embolism in the pelvic cavity.