Objective:To review the application of aesthetic incision design in the treatment of maxillofacial bone fracture.Methods:53 cases of different types of maxillofacial fractures were treated by oral incision,outlet incision or outlet combined with oral incision and corresponding fix method.The patients were followed up for 6 -18 months.Results:X-ray examination showed that all fractures were well cured.Mouth opening and occlusion were recovered to normal in all cases without obvious scar on maxillofacial skin.Con-clusion:Well designed incision and the corresponding fixed method may guarantee good cosmetic results and bone healing in the treat-ment of maxillofacial bone fracture.

The choice of medicines is a key point in the treatment of hypertension.There are hundreds of antihypertensive drugs in China,including Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCM),chemical medicines and all kinds of compound preparation.But the rates of treatment and control of hypertension in China are very low,the situation of hypertension management in China is critical.In this article we compared the differences in the drug treatment among Chinese,American and European guidelines for the management of hypertension,and discussed the principles of choosing antihypertensive drugs.Chinese,American and European guidelines all mention that the specific drug classes may differ in some effect or in special groups of patients,so certain compelling indication requires certain antihypertensive drug classes.Three guidelines also emphasize the benefits obtained from the combination therapy and recommend the long-acting drugs or preparations with 24 h efficacy.The main differences among the three guidelines is whether to recommend the firstline drugs.Thiazide-type diuretics are recommended by American guideline(JNC7) in drug treatment for most patients with uncomplicated hypertension.But the European and Chinese guidelines do not recommend the first-line drugs,and the major classes of antihypertensive agents are suitable for the initiation and maintenance of therapy.Traditional Chinese medicines are invaluable resource of China,all kinds of antihypertensive TCM are widely used in the clinical,but owing to the deficiency of the high-quality evidence for TCM,the part of TCM is not included in the 2004 Chinese guideline for the management of hypertension.The choice of antihypertensive drugs is determined by its efficacy and safety.When safety and efficacy are equal,the lowest cost drug should be preferred.For the majority of patients without a compelling indication for another class of drug,a low dose of thiazides diuretic should be considered as the first choice in China.2004 Chinese guideline for the management of hypertension is based on many scientific evidences,and its publication is very important for the prevention and cure of hypertension in China.Nowadays,we must strengthen the dissemination and implementation of guideline,promote the rational use of antihypertensive drugs and improve the control rate of hypertensive in China.

To date, pancreatitis lacks of specific pharmacological therapy. Recently, it has been found that cytosolic Ca2+ overload causes pancreatitis. This article summarized the earliest events of Ca2+ transport in pancreatic acinar cell during pancreatitis and the influence of bile, alcohol, and hyperlipidaemia.Abnormal Ca2+ signal can be inhibited by caffeine. Based on these results, potential therapeutic targets are suggested.

This paper elucidates the relationship among different types and subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels and antihypertensive drugs.①L-type calcium channels lack of functional expression in renal efferent arterioles,but it has been found recently that T-type calcium channels have had roles in the regulation of renal efferent arteriolar tone.Third generation dihydropyridine,L-type calcium channel antagonists including manidipine,nilvadipine,benzindamine and efonidipine,can dilate both afferent and efferent renal arterioles,then improve glomerular hypertension and provide renoprotection,because the inhibition of both L and T type calcium channels.② In hypertensive rats,an increased expression of L-type calcium channel ?1c subunits has been shown.and this increased expression of calcium channel ?1c subunit associated with the increase of Ca2+ influx and elevated arterial tone can be observed.These findings provide a rational basis for designing antihypertension therapy by normalizing Ca2+ channel ?1c subunit expression.

Calcium supplement is needed for Chinese people.Calcium antagonists are also used in China.Authors suggest that calcium owns dual direction effects like a double-edged sword.Based on the knowledge of calcium metabolism,the adverse drugs reactions of excessive calcium supplement and the harmful effects of cellular calcium overload are introduced.Scientific and efficient application of calcium agents and calcium antagonists is expected.

The recently successful cloning of extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaR) has revealed its vital role in adjusting and maintaining the homeostasis calcium or even other mineral ion in the body. CaR belongs to the big family of G-protein coupled receptors, and has 1079 amino acids in its structure. CaR is broadly distributed in a variety of tissues, including parathyroid, thyroid C cells, kidney, intestine and bone. So far, three disorders of extracellular calcium homeostasis have been linked with abnormalities of CaR function. Agonists and antagonists of CaR may be proved useful in the treatment of the diseases due to calcium metabolic disorders.

Objective To investigate the incidence,pathogenesis,clinical features,principle in treatment and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods The clinical features,management and outcome of 6 patients with PHT secondary to SLE were reported and literature was reviewed.Results Six cases of PHT related to SLE,mean age 39 5 year,mean period of SLE 3 2 year,mean pulmonary artery pressure 61 8 mm Hg,3 were severe PHT.Organ involvements were seen in all cases:6 with cardial involvement,of which 2 with heart failure;5 with renal impairment;3 with pulmonary lesions other than PHT,2 with hematological involvement;2 with thrombosis and 2 with Raynaund′s phenomenon (RP).Remarkable decrease of complement C3 was seen in all cases,anti Scl 70 and antiphospholipid antibody (ACL) positive were seen in 2 cases as well.No neurological involvement was found.After early comprehensive and intensive treatment,normalized PHT was seen in all but one case,concomitant with decrease in SLE activity.After 9 months′ follow up,1 case died from dysrhythmia,the rest kept stable,except RP.Conclusion PHT is a severe complication of SLE,often accompanied by multi organ involvement and poor outcome;Intensive and comprehensive treatment should be made early,especially for primary affection and its cause.Vasodialator (usually calcium channel blocker) and anticoagulant is a principle medication and prostacyclin should be considered for refractory cases.Better outcome can be achieved for those who are responsive to the treatment.

Protein arginine methyltransferases ( PRMTs) play crucial roles in the methylation of a series pro-tein substrates.PRMT5 is a type Ⅱ methyltransferase that symmetrically methylates arginine residues of histone and non-histone substrates, thereby regulating a variety of cellular processes through epigenetic control of target gene expression or post-translational modification of signaling molecules.Recently, accumulated evidence has suggested that PRMT5 may function as an oncogene.This review is aimed to summarize the oncogenic role of PRMT5 and its regulatory mechanisms in tumors.

source water.

Objective:To study the effect of extraneous sugar on rea ct ive oxygen species metabolism of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: Electron spin resonance (ESR) method was used to measure reactive oxygen spe cies of Streptococcus mutans incubated in the different sugar incubation con ditions. Results:With the increase of glucose at 0.0062~0.05 mo l/L, the quantities of reactive oxygen species produced by Streptococcus mutan s increased and increased to the maximum when Streptococcus mutans were in cubated in different sugar culture fluids within 2 h. All kinds of sugar promote d reactive oxygen species metabolism of Streptococcus mutans. Conclu sion:Extraneous sugar promotes reactive oxygen species metabolism of Streptococcus mutans.