Disaster Medicine ; Earthquakes ; Emergency Medicine ; General Surgery ; Humans ; Relief Work ; Wounds and Injuries ; surgery

C. Conclusion Adequate hemodilution can attenuate the lung injury induced by I/R. The protective effect is better if hemodilution is performed before I/R.

The risk factors of traffic crash include drinking/drunk drive, accident proneness, fatigue driving, speeding, and poor vehicle quality. This article introduces the protection, emergency treatment, and basic scientific research of road traffic injury (RTI). As a public health issue, RTI is preventable, and personal factor is a key problem. It is important to establish an accurate and comprehensive RTI database, which may provide necessary information for the epidemiological research and crash prevention. The author also gives some suggestions on road traffic safety development in our country.
Accidents, Traffic ; prevention & control ; Databases, Factual ; Epidemiologic Research Design ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; prevention & control ; therapy

Humans ; Physicians ; organization & administration

Accidents, Traffic ; prevention & control ; Global Health ; Humans ; World Health Organization

In the recent years,the earthquake occured frequently in the whole world which caused the increased incidence of crush syndrome (CS). The four limbs and torso will be bleeding and swelling when they are prounded and crushed from the heavy objects. The necrosis of muscular tissue causes massive production of toxin which leads to a series of symptoms including hypotension ,kidney dysfunction and so on. The serious acute kidney injury (AKI) will be vital. When CS-AKI ,the ascending velocity of urea nitrogen and K+ levels in the blood is quicker than those of general AKI;many kinds of immune cells are activated to engender a great deal of inflammatory mediators;the blood dynamics is often unstable. Therefore, it is advocated that the blood purification treatment should be carried early to eliminate excessive metabolic produces in vivo,to reduce the cardiovascular complication occurrence, and to avoid the irreversible change of the kidney function.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between inorganic ingredients (Ca, P and F) concentration of plaque residues in the primary teeth and caries status, sugar exposure frequency.

METHODSSubjects were 93 of 3-5 years old children living in Beijing area. According to their caries status, they were classified into two groups: Severe early childhood caries(S-ECC) group and caries free(CF) group. Plaque samples were collected from subjects respectively. Ca, P and F concentration of plaque residues was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, spectrophotometer and fluoride electrode respectively. The information of daily sugar exposure frequency of children was obtained from a standardized questionnaire filled by their parents. The relationship between inorganic ingredients (Ca, P and F) concentration of plaque residues and daily sugar exposure frequency was analyzed and the relationship between inorganic ingredients (Ca, P and F) concentration of plaque residues and caries status in the S-ECC group was also analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean values for Ca, P and F concentration of plaque residues were lower in the S-ECC group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The daily sugar exposure frequency in the S-ECC group was higher than that in the CF group. There were no relationships between Ca, P and F concentration of plaque residues and caries status (dmft, dmfs), sugar exposure frequency in the primary dentition.

CONCLUSIONPlaque residues from CF subjects did not contain a greater pool of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and fluoride ions than that from S-ECC subjects.

Calcium ; Carbohydrates ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries ; Dental Caries Susceptibility ; Dental Plaque ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Phosphates ; Tooth, Deciduous

Objective To examined the relationship between the Fast Plasma Glucose(FPG) and the Postprandial Plasma Glucose(PPG) by analyzing 3 588 OGTT and IRT,and assessed the role of PPG in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.Methods Data of OGTT and IRT in 3 588 patients from 2000-Jan to 2007-June were collected and the distribution of the patients evaluated with cut-points of fasting plasma glucose by 5.6 mmol/L,6.1 mmol/L & 7.0 mmol/L and postprandial plasma glucose by 7.8 mmol/L and 11.1mmol/L were analyzed.T-test and corrected t-test of two independent samples have been done with SPSS 11.5.Results By WHO standard,3 097 T2DM were diagnosed.Of 2654 T2DM patients diagnosed by FPG≥7.0 mmol/L,54 patients showed 2 h PG0.05).202 cases were NGT(but hyperinsulinemia and/or delayed insulin secretion were found in 113 of them,55.94%).Other 289 cases were IFG and/or IGT.In the 291 cases diagnozed with 1 h PG≥11.1 mmol/L and 2 h PG

[Objective]On May 12,2008,an over 8.0-magnitude earthquake occurred in Wenchuan county,Sichuan province,China.The anthor's field hospital was deployed to An county,which arrived on the 3rd day after the disaster.During the first week of the deployment,284 victims with musculoskeletal injuries received orthopedic management.The objective of this article is to highlight the experience gained by this author's medical assistance team,focusing on the orthopedic care in the early part of the post-disaster relief activities.[Method]Records of 284 patients who underwent orthopedic management were reviewed retrospectively.[Result]There were a large number of musculoskeletal injuries amongst the survivors in the acute phase of the disaster,including spinal trauma,fractures and dislocations,peripheral nerve injuries and soft tissue injuries.The average age was 49.3 years(range,11 to 92 years) with 133 men and 151 women.The patients with upper extremity fracture were 85,with lower extremity fracture 73,with spinal fracture 23,with shoulder or hip dislocation 7.The patients with hand or foot injuries,peripheral nerve injuries and soft tissue injuries were 96.Open injuries were 67,the remaining were closed injuries.Totally 131 patients recovered,and the rest were transferred to the rear hospital for further management.The X-ray postoperatively showed that 21 open fractures were reduced functionally by means of external fixator,and the shoulder or hip dislocations were reduced anatomically.The wounds with primary suture had no infection.There were no other complications.[Conclusion]Correct diagnsis of the injuries,providing scientific and resonable therapeutic measures,and correct operative indication should be emphasized for early orllopedic care.Definitive surgeries such as open reduction and internal fixation are not recommended strongly.External fixation for post-earthquake open fractures is simple and effective,allowing simple approach to wound care and transferring to rear hospital during the whole period of fixation.

Objective To understand the ambient PM2.5 component and the toxicity to primary cultured myocardial cells of neonatal rats. Methods Primary myocardial cells cultures were prepared from 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with PM2.5 suspension and its organic and water-soluble extracts at various concentrations for 24 h. The cellular viability was measured with MTT methods, and the beat of myocardial cells was observed and counted under inverted microscope. Results PM2.5 suspension and its organic and water-soluble extracts increased the viability of myocardial cells at the concentrations below 10.0 ?g/ml, but above this, they could significantly decrease the viability of myocardial cells with a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of organic extract of PM2.5 was significantly higher than that of water-soluble extract. PM2.5 suspension and its organic and water-soluble extracts also dose-dependently inhibited the beat frequencies of myocardial cells. Conclusion PM2.5 and its extracts show a hormesis effect on the cultured myocardial cells in the case of the cellular viability is taken as the response parameter. PM2.5 and its extracts can inhibit the beat of myocardial cells.