Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine on the expression of NMDA receptor-1(NRⅠ)in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and the possible mechanism of the neuroprotection.Methods Forty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-290g were randomly divided into 2 group(n=20 each):groupⅠketamine and groupⅡpentobarbital.The aminals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 60 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅠor pentobarbital 40 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅡ.Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent middle cerebral artery occludion(MCAO).The animals were killed at 24 h and 72 h of MCAO and their brains removed for determination of infarct size,the number of living neurons in the penumbra and the expression of NRⅠprotein(immuno- histochemistry).Results The infarct size was significantly smaller;the number of living neurons in penumbra significantly larger and NRⅠexpression significantly down-regulated in ketamine group than in pentobarbital group.Conclusion Ketamine can protect the brain against ischemia through downregulation of NMDA receptor-1.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiopoietin-2 ; physiology ; Female ; Glioma ; blood ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; physiopathology

Ethnicity ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical therapeutic effects differences between acupuncture at Suliao (GV 25) and Shuigou (GV 26) on promoting regain of consciousness from coma in severe craniocerebral injury.

METHODSBased on regular emergency treatments of neurosurgery, eighty-two cases of craniocerebral injury who were under stable condition were randomly divided into an observation group (42 cases) and a control group (40 cases). Suliao (GV 25) was selected as main aupoint, while Laogong (PC 8) and Yongquan (KI 1), etc. were selected as adjuvant acupoints and Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yifeng (TE 17) and Wangu (GB 12), etc. were selected as matching acupoints in the observation group where a strong needle manipulation was applied to improve the regain of consciousness. The main acupoint of Shuigou (GV 26) along with identical adjuvant acupoints and matching acupoints in the observation group were selected in the control group with identical strong needle manipulation. The treatment was given once a day in both groups, five times per week and ten times were considered as one session. The immediate clinical symptoms after acupuncture at Suliao (GV 25) and Shuigou (GV 26) were observed as well as Glasgow coma scale (GCS) before the treatment, after 45 days and 90 days of treatment to assess the resuscitation time and rate. Also the clinical efficacy was compared between both groups.

RESULTSThe occurrence rate of sneezing reflex was 85.7% (36/42) in the observation group, which was higher than 25.0% (10/40) in the control group (P < 0.01). The average resuscitation time was (64.6 +/- 19.4) days in the observation group, which was obviously shorter than (73.8 +/- 14. 6) days in the control group (P < 0.05). The resuscitation rate was 88.1% (37/42) in the observation group, which was similar to 75.0% (30/40) in the control group (P > 0.05). Compared before the treatment, GCS were both improved after the treatment in two groups (both P < 0.01). The 90-day GCS was 9.52 +/- 2.32 in the observation group, which was superior to 8.47 +/-2.14 in the control group (P < 0.05). The curative and markedly effective rate was 45.2% (19/42) in the observation group, which was superior to 22.5% (9/40) in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of acupuncture at Suliao (GV 25) on improving regain of consciousness from coma in severe craniocerebral injury is positive. It could specifically improve sneezing reflex and stimulate respiratory center, which has more obvious effect than acupuncture at Shuigou (GV 26).

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coma ; etiology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy ; Consciousness ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effects of manipulative reduction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis in treating distal tibiofibular fractures.

METHODSFrom 2009 to 2011, 60 patients with distal tibiofibular fractures were treated by manipulative reduction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis. Among them, there were 32 males and 28 females aged from 14 to 70 years old with an average of 41.22 +/- 2.06. According to AO classification of fractures,5 cases were type A1, 22 cases were type A2,21 cases were type A3 and 12 cases were type C1. Operation time, blood loss,time of callus and fracture healing were observed, Mazur scoring of ankle joint were used to evaluate therapeutic.

RESULTSFifty-eight incisions were healed at stage I ,and 2 cases were infected at distal tibial. Operation time was with an average of (62.34 +/- 5.66) min ranged 45 to 90 min;blood loss was 30 to 150 ml with an average of (80.57 +/- 5.59) ml;formation of callus appeared from 4 to 12 weeks,with an average of (8.24 +/- 2.06) weeks, and fracture healing time was from 3 to 6 months, with an average of (4.50 +/- 1.13) months. According to Mazur scoring of ankle joint 40 cases got excellent results, 18 good, and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONManipulative reduction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis can obtain reliable fixation. It is a good choice of treating distal tibiofibular fractures by protecting blood supply of fractures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

To investigate the clinical features,treatment methods,and prognosis of a patient with hyperthyroidism crisis.The clinical characteristics,treatment methods,and prognosis of patients with hyperthyroidism crisis in our department were retrospectively analyzed.The application of adjuvant therapy and its influence on prognosis were summarized.Hyperthyroidism crisis is the most serious complication of those patients.The onset is urgent and the prognosis is poor,which requires the clinician to be vigilant and to interfere as early as possible.The extracorporeal circulation technique removes excessive free thyroxine,reduces the high metabolic state,and ensures safe of the heart.Brain,kidney,and other important organ functions which play important roles in the treatment on proper time.In this case,we finally achieved clinical cure,providing some new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism crisis.

OBJECTIVES: The number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) and the ratio between the number of metastatic LNs and the total number of retrieved LNs (the LN ratio [LNR]) have been proposed as risk factors for recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the significance of the number of LNs and the LNR in patients with clinically node negative PTC has not been clearly determined. The purpose of this study is to evaluate their significance. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 382 patients with PTC who had undergone total thyroidectomy with prophylactic central neck dissection (CND) between January 2000 and December 2010. We excluded patients with lobectomy, concurrent lateral compartment neck dissection, a follow-up period less than at least 2 years, number of harvested central LNs less than or equal to one, clinically positive LN, distant metastasis, recurrent cancer or other types of malignancy. The correlations between recurrence and various clinicopathologic characteristics including tumor size, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), stage, number of metastatic central LNs, and the LNR were investigated. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up period of 82.2±26.4 months, recurrence occurred in 14 patients (3.7%). Tumor size ≥20 mm, maximal ETE, presence of central LN metastasis, number of metastatic LNs ≥2, and LNR ≥0.31 correlated with recurrence in the univariate analysis. However, tumor size ≥20 mm, maximal ETE, number of metastatic LNs ≥2, and LNR ≥0.31 were significantly associated with recurrence in the multivariate analysis (hazard ratio=6.61, 7.17, 3.43, and 11.23, respectively). CONCLUSION: The LNR and the number of metastatic LNs are independent prognostic risk factors for recurrence in patients with clinically node negative PTC, and these factors can be used to guide postoperative adjuvant therapy and follow-up strategy after prophylactic CND.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy

Objective To investigate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2(NOD-2)gene expression in deep caries and the effects of NOD-2 agonist muramyl dipeptide(MDP)on the differentiation of human dental pulp cells(hDPC). Methods NOD-2 gene level in deep caries and healthy pulp tissue was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(realtime-PCR). Realtime-PCR,Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate NOD-2 gene and protein expression. Dentin sialoprotein(DSP)protein level was assessed when hDPC were challenged by different concentrations of MDP for 24 hours, and sialophosphoprotein(DSPP), osteocalcin(OCN)mRNA and osteopontin(OPN)protein level were detected at different time points after incubation with 0.1 mg/L MDP. Results NOD-2 mRNA level was higher in pulp tissue of deep caries(0.2610±0.0824) than that in healthy controls(0.0024±0.0002),P<0.05.The expression of NOD-2 gene and protein increased in a time denpendent manner upon stimulation with MDP. Immunofluorescence confirmed that NOD-2 protein was located in cytoplasm. Moreover, 0.1 mg/L MDP augmented DSP protein level. DSPP and OCN mRNA were elevated with time and reached the peak at 12 h and down-regulated. OPN protein level also increased with time. Conclusions Dental pulp NOD-2 expression are up-regulated in pulp tissue of deep caries. MDP may be related to the differentiation of hDPC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of second primary tumor of tongue (SPTr) after nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCR) treated with radiotherapy.

METHODSClinical data of 53 patients with SP7T after NPCR (group A) and 252 patients with primary tongue carcinoma (group B) were analyzed retrospectively with regard to clinical characteristics and survival rate (Kaplan-Meier); and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between group A and group B ( P > 0. 05) in the presenting age, sex, tumor size, cTNM stage, tumor differentiation and the rate of distant metastasis. The overall 5-year survival rates were 41.6% in group A and 56.3% in group B (chi2 = 4.40, P = 0.0359) with a statistically significant difference between two groups. The differences of tumor location (chi2 = 61.18, P = 0.000) and rate of clinical (cN+, chi2 = 6.846, P = 0.009) or pathological lymph node metastasis (pN+, X2 = 3.993, P = 0.046) were also statistically significant between group A and group B, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age at presence, cTNM stage and with or without neck lymph node dissection were independent risk factors affecting survival.

CONCLUSIONSecond primary tongue carcinoma after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is likely to occur on the dorsal aspect of the tongue with worse prognosis but with a lower rate of lymph node metastasis than that of primary tongue carcinoma. However, radiotherapy history is not an independent influencing factor on prognosis. Surgical resection or combined modality therapy may give a better prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glossectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Tongue Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the treatment and prognosis of the patients with oral mucosal melanoma (OMM).

METHODSThe clinicopathological and follow-up data of patients with OMM in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 1976 to December 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSFifty-one cases were analyzed. The pathological lymph node metastasis rate was 61% (31/51) and the affected sites were confined to level I(b)-III (94%). The overall three year and five yearsurvival rates were 35% and 21% respectively. No significant difference of three year and five year survival rates were found between the group of incisional biopsy and the group of excisional biopsy. The prognosis was not affected by pigmentation. The survival rate of the patients receiving surgery combined with biotherapy or biochemotherapy was significantly higher than that of the patients treated by other modalities (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONSIn patients with OMM, lymph node metastasis was mostly confined to level I(b)-III. Incisional biopsy and pigmentation were not associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The prognosis of the patients with OMM was poor and the patients may get a better prognosis by receiving surgery combined with biotherapy or biochemotherapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; BCG Vaccine ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-2 ; therapeutic use ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Melanoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; pathology ; surgery ; Mouth Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Survival Rate