At present, microbe surface display system mainly involves phage surface display system, bacte- rial surface display system, yeast surface display system and virus surface display system. Baculovirus sur- face display system is a new type of eukaryote surface display system which developed based on deeply un- derstanding of construction and function of virus genome in recent years. Through fused expression with vi- ral capsid or membrane proteins exogenous peptides can be displayed on the surface of the virus and formed hedgehog-shape "fake virus". Baculovirus surface display system was characterized by safeness and high performance, furthermore, this system can complete post-translation processing and modification of protein to enhance the bioactivity of exogenous product. Combined with the author’s experimental work, this paper briefly introduces the mechanism and traits of this system and summarizes the newest research development on its application in the field of monoclonal antibody preparation, new-type vaccine development, genes transduction and genes therapy. It is believed that the system above may show extensive application through further improvement and optimization.

BACKGROUND:Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has become mainstream operation for treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, but unicompartmental knee arthroplastystil has some problems, such as excessive bleeding-induced postoperative blood transfusion, increased blood transfusion rate, hospitalization expense and complication of blood transfusion. As tranexamic acid for total knee arthroplasty has achieved good effects. It is significant to investigate whether local application of tranexamic acid can effectively reduce blood loss in unicompartmental arthroplasty.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy and safety of the intra-articular tranexamic acid injection in treating perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:122 patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplastyinthe Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital ofDalian Medical University from January 2014 to August 2015wereenroled in this study. Al patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the tranexamic acid group were injected with 10 mL of tranexamic acid (containing 1000 mg) + 10 mL of sodium chloride injection in the articular cavity before loosening the tourniquet. Patients in the control group received 20 mL of sodium chloride injection in the articular cavity. In both groups, the drainage tube was clipped for 3 hours after injection.At 48 hours after replacement, the drainage tube was puled out. We compared and analyzed hemoglobin levels and hematocrit at 2 days and 1 month postoperatively, total blood loss and drainage volume at 2 days postoperatively, the number of patients receiving blood transfusion, Hospital for Special Surgery scores of knee function at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, and thrombosis at 1 week postoperatively, and evaluated effects of tranexamic acid on blood loss after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Hemoglobin levels and hematocrit were significantly higher in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group at 2 days postoperatively (P< 0.05). No significant difference in hemoglobin levels and hematocrit was detected at 1 month postoperatively in both groups (P> 0.05). (2) Drainage volume and total blood loss were significantly less in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group at 2 days postoperatively (P< 0.05). (3) The number of patients receiving blood transfusion was significantly less in the tranexamic acid group (0 case) than in the control group (6 cases) (P< 0.05). (4) Scores of Hospital for Special Surgery were significantly higher in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group at 1 week postoperatively (P< 0.05). No significant difference in above socres was identified between the two groups at 1 month postoperatively. (5) No venous thrombosis was found at 1 week postoperatively in both groups. (6) These results confirm that during knee medial unicompartmental arthroplasty, intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid combined with 3 hours of blood occlusion can effectively reduce drainage volume, perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion, is beneficial to the early recovery of knee jointfunction after replacement, and does not increase the risk of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bm47 gene is found in all sequenced lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs). It is one of the core genes of NPVs. However, the role of bm47 in the biological cycle of NPV remains unknown. In this study, the Red recombination system was used to knock out bm47 from BmNPV to construct bm47-ko-Bacmid in E. coli BW25113 system. Then bm47 gene was introduced back to the viral genome using the Bac-to-Bac system to create the repair virus bm47-re-Bacmid. TCID50 assay and real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to evaluate the effects of bm47 deletion on viral DNA replication, gene transcription, and protein expression. qPCR results showed that bm47 knock-out had no significant effect on viral DNA replication. However, the qPCR results showed that bm47-ko-Bacmid significantly decreased the transcription levels of early gene lef-3, late gene vp39, and very late gene p10 at 48 h and 72 h after viral transfection of BmN cells (P < 0.05). This work will provide a foundation for further studies on the biological function of BmNPV bm47 in viral replication and transcription.
Animals ; Bombyx ; virology ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Nucleopolyhedrovirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Replication

Objective:To investigate the expression of Fas、FasL and the apoptosis of liver cancer cell line HepG2 transfected with LIGHT and IFN-? gene mediated by Cationic liposome.Methods:HepG2 cells were divided into two groups(the solo transfection of LIGHT gene and the combined transfection of LIGHT and IFN-? genes) and the control groups(no transfection).HepG2 cells were cellected at 12h,24h and 48h after transfection.The apoptosis of HepG2 cells and the expression of Fas and FasL of the HepG2 cells were investigated with flow cytometry.Results:After transfection,the apoptosis of HepG2 cells increased,and the apoptosis of combined transfection group was higher than the solo transfection of LIGHT(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12 secreting form (ADAM12-S) as a maternal serum marker in second trimester screening for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome, DS), and to develop an appropriate prenatal DS screening protocol.

METHODSSerum samples were collected from 53 pregnant women carrying a trisomy 21 fetus and 621 pregnant women with matched gestational age and weight carrying a healthy fetus. ADAM12-S concentrations were determined with a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA). Curve fitting by weighted regression and other statistical methods were conducted, and the model was optimized for prenatal trisomy 21 screening program in second trimester. ADAM12-S alone or in combination with other two- or three-combination test was selected as a serum marker for prenatal second-trimester screening of trisomy 21 by calculation of detection rate (DR) and false positive rate (FPR).

RESULTSBy comparison, the median multiple of the median (MoM) value of ADAM12-S in DS pregnancy group was higher than that of the control group (P< 0.01). When FPR = 5%, the DR of ADAM12-S was 28.3%, and the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.66 and 0.75, respectively. The DR of three-combination test of ADAM12-S, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) has increased to 52.80% from 39.62% of the conventional two-combination test (AFP and free β-HCG). For women with a risk between 1/300 and 1/1000 by two-combination test for DS, the DR has increased from 39.62% to 47.12%, but FPR only increased by 0.8% after adding ADAM12-S as a maternal serum marker.

CONCLUSIONConsidering the increased DR of pregnancies with a risk between 1/300 and 1/1000 in second trimester, ADAM12-S may provide a feasible maternal serum maker when combined with AFP and free β-HCG. The cost-effectiveness ratio is reasonable.

ADAM Proteins ; blood ; ADAM12 Protein ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Disintegrins ; blood ; Down Syndrome ; blood ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; blood ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods

Objective To understand the cognitive level of urban and rural general practitioners in the concept, diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to provide the basis for continuing medical education in basic level hospital for all general practitioners. Methods General practitioners from 21 urban community health service centers (group A) and 27 of the rural community health service centers (group B) were surveyed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease knowledge through a anonymous questionnaire, the survey contents included five aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease such as basic concept, diagnosis, grouping diagnosis, treatment on stable phase and acute exacerbation. Results The correct rates of five questions in group A were 25.89%, 17.26%, 5.58%, 4.06%, 18.78 and in group B were 8.97%, 8.55%, 5.13%, 4.27%, 17.52%. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease concept and diagnosis, there was significant difference between two groups(χ2=21.99, P<0.05 and χ2=7.41, P<0.05) . Conclusion The level of the cognitive of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) among the general practitioners is very poor, and is strong against to the management work of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We need more continuing medical ed-ucation on "the guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease " among the urban and rural general practitioners.

OBJECTIVETo study the regulating effects of a novel CpG oligodeoxynuleotide and the synergistic effect of chitosan-nanoparticles (CNP) with CpG on immune responses of mice, which were used to develop a novel immunoadjuvant to boost immune response to conventional vaccines.

METHODSA novel CpG ODN containing 11 CpG motifs was synthesized and its bioactivities to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes of pig in vitro were detected. Then it was entrapped with CNP prepared in our laboratory by the method of ionic cross linkage, and immunized Kunming mice were co-inoculated with paratyphoid vaccine. The peripheral blood was collected weekly from the tail vein of inoculated mice to detect the contents of IgG, IgA, IgM, and specific antibody against salmonella as well as the levels of interleukin-2 (IL2), IL-4, and IL-6 by SABC-ELISA assay. The numbers of leucocytes, monocytes, granuloytes, and lymphocytes were calculated separately using the routine method. The experimental mice were orally challenged with virulent salmonella 35 days after inoculation.

RESULTSThis CpG ODN could remarkably provoke the proliferation of lymphocytes of pig in vitro in contrast with the control (P < 0.05). Compared with those of the control, immunoglobulins, including IgG, IgA, IgM, and specific antibodies to paratyphoid vaccine, increased significantly in sera from the CpG or CpG-CNP-vaccinated mice (P < 0.05). IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 increased remarkably in sera from immunized mice (P < 0.05). The leucocytes, monocytes, granuloytes, and lymphocytes of the mice immunized with CpG or CpG-CNP were also increased in number (P < 0.05). After the challenge, these immunity values were elevated in the mice vaccinated with CpG or CpG-CNP. The immunized mice all survived, while the control mice fell ill with evident lesions with diffuse hemorrhage in stomach, small intestine, and peritoneum.

CONCLUSIONSCpG ODN entrapped with CNP is a promising effective immunoadjuvant for vaccination, which promotes humoral and cellular immune responses, enhances immunity and resistance against salmonella by co-administration with paratyphoid vaccine.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Cell Proliferation ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoglobulin Isotypes ; blood ; Interleukins ; blood ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Paratyphoid Fever ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Salmonella ; physiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Swine ; immunology ; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines ; immunology

Objective To deveplope construct and validate a novel multiplex PCR system comprised of 30 Y-STR markers only with low and moderate mutation rates. Methods 30 Y-STRs characterized by low/moderate mutation rate and middle/high polymorphic was amplified simultaneously in a multiplex PCR system using the six color labeling fluorescence. PCR product was analyzed in a ABI 3500XL Genetic Analyzer. The accuracy, specifity, sensitivity and stability of the system and its validation on the mixtures were evaluated. Results The validation studies demonstrated that the system is a stable, accurate, and sensitive multiplex PCR system. The sensitivity was 0.0625ng DNA. Y-STR could be detection in a male/female DNA mixture ratio of 1:4. Conclusion The primary study demonstrates that this multiplex PCR system is effective and reliable for forensic routine DNA analysis. It will be very helpful for constructing Chinese forensic Y-STR database and population genetic research.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of liver transplantation (LT) and liver resection (LR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and to investigate risk factors affecting prognosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 94 HCC patients with PVTT type I (segmental PVTT) and PVTT type II (lobar PVTT) were involved and divided into LR (n=47) and LT groups (n=47). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared before and after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Prognostic factors for RFS and OS were explored. Results: Two treatment groups were well-balanced using IPTW. In the entire cohort, LT provided a better prognosis than LR. Among patients with PVTT type I, RFS was better with LT (p=0.039); OS was not different significantly between LT and LR (p=0.093). In subgroup analysis of PVTT type I patients with α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels >200 ng/mL, LT elicited significantly longer median RFS (18.0 months vs. 2.1 months, p=0.022) and relatively longer median OS time (23.6 months vs. 9.8 months, p=0.065). Among patients with PVTT type II, no significant differences in RFS and OS were found between LT and LR (p=0.115 and 0.335, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed treatment allocation (LR), tumor size (>5 cm), AFP and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels to be risk factors of RFS and treatment allocation (LR), AFP and AST as risk factors for OS. Conclusion LT appeared to afford a better prognosis for HCC with PVTT type I than LR, especially in patients with AFP levels >200 ng/mL.

Objective To determine whether the combination of traditional risk factors and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) assessment could provide accurate prognostic information on a population-based study including 1137 adults with subclinical artherosclerosis and with coronary risk factors. Methods Participants underwent coronary angiography examination before the minimal stenotic diameters, segment diameters, percent stenosis, plaque areas. Other parameters were analyzed by the computer-assisted Coronary Angiography Analysis System. The Framingham Risk Score for each participant was assessed. During the 1 year follow-up period, all kinds of endpoint cardiovascular events were screened. Endpoint events were defined as death from coronary heart disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angina pectoris. Results During the 1 year of follow-up period, a total of 124 participants developed an endpoint event, which was significantly associated with the Framingham Risk Score, calcium of plaques and the plaque areas (all Ps＜0.05).The QCA score incorporated with the QCA parameters was related to the endpoint events. The Framingham Risk Score was combined with QCA score through logistic regression for prediction of end-point events. Data from the ROC analysis showed the accuracy of this prediction algorithm was superior to the accuracy when variables themselves were used. The event-free survival rate was inferior to the control group in participates under high risk, when being screened with this prediction algorithm (P＜0.05). Conclusion The risk of cardiovascular attack in subclinical artherosclerosis individual seemed to be associated with the Framingham Risk Score, calcium of plaques and the plaque areas. When the traditional risk factors (the Framingham Risk Score) were combined with QCA, the new method could provide more prognostic information on those adults with subclinical artherosclerosis.