Objective　The retrospective case-control study was applied to investigate the crossing characteristics and the distance between the disc and the first crossing site in super-temporal branch retinal vein obstruction.Methods　Fifty-three cases of branch retinal vein obstruction and 53 cases of controls were collected to observe the artery-vein crossing characteristics and to measure the distance between the disc and the first crossing site.Results　The average distances of super-temporal and infer-temporal branch in case group were significantly different. The distance of the super-temporal branch in case group was significantly different from that in the control group. The distances of the super-temporal branch and infer-temporal branch were not significantly different in control group. The numbers of the arteries over the veins in the super-temporal branch in case and control group were significantly different. Conclusion　The mechanism of super-temporal branch retinal vein obstruction is related with the near distance between the disc and the first crossing, and is also related with the numbers of the arteries over the veins in the crossing site.

Aim To establish a novel,highly sensitive,rapid and cost-effective HPLC method to simultaneously determine tri-cyclic antidepressant clomipramine and four benzodiazepines of diazepam,alprazolam,clonazepam,oxazepam in human plasma pretreated by solid phase extraction.Methods The assay was achieved by using C8 column (4.6 mm ×1 50 mm,5 μm)kept at 45 ℃,mobile phase 73.2:26.8 V/V (50 mmol·L -1 ,pH 3.0 phosphate buffer:acetonitrile)with flow rate of 1 .2 ml· min -1 ,and UV detection was set at λ220 nm.Solid phase ex-traction was performed on C1 cartridges.Results The calibra-tion curve was demonstrated to be linear (r >0.9994)in the ranges of 5 ~200 μg·L -1 for alprazolam and clonazepam,1 0 ~500 μg·L -1 for diazepam,20 ~500 μg· L -1 for clomipra-mine,and 7.5 ~2000 μg·L -1 for oxazepam;the limit of detec-tion (LOD)was 1 .5,1 .4,3.0,5.5 and 2.2 μg·L -1 for al-prazolam,clonazepam,diazepam,clomipramine and oxazepam respectively.Intra-day and inter-day precision revealed a coeffi-cient of variation of 2.2% ~1 2.6% and 2.1 % ~1 3.2%,re-spectively.Extraction yield ranged from 81 .1 % ~1 00.1 % for all analytes.Conclusion The developed method is accurate, reproducible,convenient,and suitable for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of clomipramine and the four benzodiazepines.

The T helper cell 17 (Th17) has important relationship with liver failure caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV).Some studies found that mature,differentiation and proliferation of Th17 cells have a close relationship with interleukin 23,newly discovered in recent years,which function of immune and regulatory mechanism in chronic hepatitis B patients is still unclear.In our country,the main cause of liver failure is hepatitis viruses (mainly HBV),thus the study of immune pathogenesis that why acute exacerbation or liver failure happens in chronic hepatitis B patients has a realistic meaning for improving the prognosis of chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To observe the clinical features,the complications and treatment effects of intermediate uveitis. Methods The clinical data of 36 patients(66 eyes)with intermediate uveitis were retrospectively analyzed,including the clinical features,fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)features,complications,treatment effects and prognosis.The patients,21 males and 15 females,aged from 8 to 70 years,with the mean age of 34.8 years.There were 30 eases with bilateral lesions and 6 cases with unilateral lesions. Results The main clinical manifestation were vitreous opacity.peripheral retinal venous lesions,optic disc edema,macular edema and posterior subcapsular cataract.The results of FFA showed that peripheral retinal venous lesions,optic disc hyperfluorescence,cystoid maeular edema and retinal vein staining.After the treatment.the visual acuity of 31 cases(60 eyes,90.9%)were improved,4 cases(5 eyes,7.6%)were stable and 1 case(1 eye,1.5%)was worsening.The main complications were cystoid macular edema,posterior subcapsular cataract and vitreous hemorrhage which Ieads to visual damage. Conelusions Intermediate uveitis was a common bilateral and chronic progressive intraocular inflammation,the anterior vitritis,pars plana and peripheral retinal vascular changes were mainly involved.Early diagnosis and proper treatment may prevent the permanent visual damage.

Objective To examine the levels of interferon-γ(INF-γ).tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in serum of patients with acute uveitis before and after treatment,and to explore the possible roles of those cytokines in the initiation and progression of the u,ieitis. Methods A series of 75 patients with acute uveitis.and 30 healthy persons from our hospital were investigated.The Ievels of INF-γ,TNF-α and IL-6 in acute phase and convalescent phase were measured by the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Result The serum 1evels of INF-γ,TNF-α and IL-6 in acute phase were significantly higher than that of the convalescent phase and the healthy controls(F=65.805/50.418/155.381,P=0.000).A significant negative correlation was found between the serum leveis of INF-γ,TNF-α and IL-6 in acute phase with their initiaI visual acuity(r=-0.656,-0.592 and-0.653,P＜O.01).There was also a positive correlation among the serum levels of INF-γ,TNF-α and IL-6(r=0.340,0.467 and 0.338,P＜0.05). Conclusions There are high serum levels of INF-γ,TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with acute uveitis,and the cytokines levels were decreased after the treatment.The results suggested that the INF-γ,TNF-α and IL-6 involved in initiation and progression of uveitis.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of aminoglycoside resistance of extend-ed-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli(E, cold and expression of aminoglyco-side-modifying enzyme genes. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of gentamicin,amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, netilmicin and neomycin for 37 strains of ESBLs-producing E. Coli were detected by agar dilution. In addition, six aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes were amplified by polymersae chain reaction(PCR) and verified by DNA sequencing. Results MICand MIC90 of gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin and netilmicin for 37 strains of ESBLs-producing E. Co-Il all excelled 256 μg/mL, the resistance rates of the above antibiotics were 78.4%, 45.9%, 72.9%,83.8%and 64.90%, respectively. However, neomycin still had powerful antibacterial activity. In ad-dition, five modifying enzyme genes, including aac(3)-Ⅱ , aac(6′)-Ⅰ b, aac(6′)-Ⅱ , ant(2″)-Ⅰ and ant(3″)- Ⅰ genes, were found in 37 isoaltes except aac(3)- Ⅰ , and their positive rates were 56.8%,27.0 %, 2.7 %, 5.4 % and 13. 5 %, respectively. Conclusion The aminoglycoside resistance of ES-BLs-producing E. Coil may be associated with the expression of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes.

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of the secondary metabolites of the roots of Daphne genkwa. Methods The roots of D. genkwa were extracted with 95% ethanol at 60 - 70 ℃ for 7 days to obtain the crude extract. The crude extract was purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography as well as the HPLC techniques. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by combined spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, MS, UV, IR and CD. Results Three new biflavonoids were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of D. genkwa and their structures were identified as daphnodorin H-3-methyl ether (1), daphnodorin H-3"-methyl ether (2) and daphnodorin G-3"-methyl ether (3). Conclusion Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are three new biflavonoids.

As a species of acute respiratory tract pathogen in mankind, Chlamydia pneumoniae can cause upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, it may also play an important role in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, sarcoid, lung cancer.

Objective　To explore the clinical characters and distributions of the endogenous uveitis.Methods　Both clinical examinations and immunologic investigations were performed in 354 patients with cases of uveitis within six years.Results　Among 354 uveitis, the anterior uveitis were 165 cases(46.6%), the posterior uveitis 118 cases (33.3%),the pan-uveitis 57 cases(16.1%) and the intermediate uveitis 14 cases(4.0%). The blind rate among the patients was 5.9%, the main causes were proliferative retinopathy, secondary glaucoma and complicated cataract. 167 cases(47.2%)of patients were related to the systemic changes, the bone-joints disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Behcet syndrome and toxoplasma infection were common.Conclusion　Complete clinical and immunologic examinations can ensure the defined diagnosis and proper treatment for the patients with endogenous uveitis.

Objective To understand the cognitive status of urology medical staff about hematuria color.Methods The self-designed questionnaire about color cognition was adopted,and the concentration of hematuria samples were determined.The investigation was carried out in 50 health care workers about their cognition of hematuria color.Results The study found that there were differences in color perception between doctors and nurses,doctors and nurses with different titles,doctors and the standard sample,nurses and the standard sample.Conclusions There are differences in judgment and description of the urine sample color in medical personnel,they are more attempted to judge by virtue of work experience and subjective consciousness.Due to the lack of a uniform and objective standards,the medical staff can not accurately and objectively describe the development of patients' condition,thus patients' recovery was affected.Therefore,a unified objective criteria for clinical reference norms of hematuria should be developed as soon as possible to ensure that patients recover quickly and safely.