LncRNAs( long noncoding RNAs ) can be defined as RNA transcrips longer than 200nt without protein coding capacity , which play vital roles in various aspects of gene expression regulation.Recent investigations showed aberrant expression of many lncRNAs in primary liver cancer , indicating their important roles in tumorigenesis and development of liver cancer.This review focuses on the biological functions of lncRNAs and their involvements in primary liver cancer.

Radiation nephropathy refers to the damage of renal parenchyma and blood vessel caused by sufficient exposure to ionizing radiation.The clinical presentation includes proteinuria,hematuria,anemia,hypertension,and azotemia.Histological features include capillary loop thickening,mesangiolysis,formation of the double contours,subendothelial swelling,tubular atrophy,and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Similar changes are seen in a variety of experimental animal models.The pathogenesis of radiation nephropathy remained unclear.It is reported that radiation-induced changes in kidney cell phenotype,renin angiotensin system(RAS) and oxidative stress is clearly involved.Multiple experimental studies have shown that antagonism of the RAS is beneficial,even when not initiated until weeks after irradiation.Recent findings suggest a similar benefit in clinical radiation nephropathy.

Medical imperfection is the major reason for medical bother.How to avoid medical imperfection and guarantee medical security are the key issues of medical administrators.By investigating,integrating and analyzing the causation of the medical imperfection and the ways of prevention,we conclude that human context has an important effect.

0.05).2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg avermetine groups can increased the activity of LDH,GS,CK in cerebrum,and decreased the activity of CaN in cerebrum,compared with control group(P0.05).Conclusion Avermectine may cause the toxic effect in rat nervous system through creating the nerve metabolism enzyme activity.

Objective To explore the effects of interleukin1?(IL-1?) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in middle ear cholesteatoma and to explore the correlation between their expression and the ability of destruction of cholesteatoma.Methods IL-1? and MMP-9 were determined immunohistochemically in the specimens from 21 cases cholesteatomas and 10 external ear skin of patients with cholesteatoma.Results The positive expression of IL-1? and MMP-9 in cholesteatoma epithelialium were increased greatly than that in external epidermis(P

Objective To observe the changes in enteric motor function and acetylcholine esterase(AchE)neuron and nitric oxide synthase neuron(NOS)in enteric nervous system after different abdominal operations,and to explore the mechanism of these changes.Methods Sprague Dawley rats were divided into experimental groups(laparotomy group,intestine massage group and intestinal operation group)and the control group.Rats in each group were gavaged with medicinal carbon powder,and then the transimission of carbon powder in small intestine was determined,and the spreading specimens of intestinal myenteric plexus of small intestine and large intestine were collected and stained with AchE and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-D(NADPH-d)for histological study,and the density of distribution and positive stained AchE and NOS neurons were observed and compared.Results The changes in enteric motor function:the propellant rate of carbon powder was slower in enteric massage group and intestinal operation group than that in laparotomy group and control group(18.1?2.8,25.7?3.5 vs 47.4?3.6,49.8?4.5,P0.05).Compared with the control group,the number and positive expression of AchE positive neuron in intestinal myenteric plexus decreased in small intestine and large intestine in intestinal operation group and intestine massage group(small intestine 43.0?3.0,52.2?3.3 vs 65.3?3.9,P

Objective To study changes in expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA in the kidney and spleen of dead rats and its application in deducing the postmortem intervals (PMI), so as to look for a new method for PMI deduction. Method 28 rats were killed by cervical dislocation, placed in a chamber with temperature-controlling system at 20℃ for 0 to 48h postmortem, and autopsied at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48h respectively (n=4 for each time point). The expression of GAPDH mRNA in kidney and spleen was assessed with fluorescence semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results The amplified products of GAPDH mRNA could be detected in kidney within 40h and in spleen within 32h postmortem respectively, and they showed a decreasing tendency as its fluorescence intensity declined gradually and lost at last. Conclusion Detection of GAPDH mRNA expression in kidney and spleen of rats at different periods after death by fluorescence semi-quantitative RT-PCR seems to be of some value for estimation of PMI.

Diphyllobothrium latum infection in human is not common in China and only 15 cases have been reported since 1927. We document a case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection caused by the ingestion of raw fish in a 23-year-old woman in Dalian (Liaoning Province), and diphyllobothriasis latum in China is briefly reviewed. The patient experienced abdominal discomfort for about 6 months with a history of discharging proglottids in the feces. The morphologic characteristic of the gravid proglottids and eggs were identified as that of Diphyllobothrium latum. The patient was treated with pumpkin seed powder (100g) and betel nut(100g) on an empty stomach. The majority of reported human cases occurred due to the ingestion of raw or uncooked fish, such as pikes, burbots, trouts, perch and salmons. The patient is the first case reported in Dalian (Lianning Province).

BACKGROUND:With the development of AO, the treatment of intercondylar humeral fractures with open reduction has been a trend. However, the methods of fixation become many. There is no conclusion of which method is optimal.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical effect of two kinds of different fixation methods (Y-type steel plate and double steel plate) for intercondylar humeral fractures via different surgical approaches.
METHODA retrospective analysis of clinical data of 86 cases of fresh intercondylar humeral fractures in the Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, between December 2003
and May 2014 were conducted in this study. According to the different fixation materials, patients were divided into two groupdouble steel group (n=44, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 22 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 22 cases), Y-type steel group (n=42, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 21 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 21 cases). The clinical curative effect and related complications of the two groups after operation were analyzed. During fol ow-up, modified Cassebaum elbow scoring system was used to evaluate the excellent and good rate of therapy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After fol owed up for 12-36 months, the total excellent and good rate of Y-type steel plate was 76%and the total excellent and good rate of double steel plate was 77%. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). But interestingly, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance and the difference was statistical y significant (P<0.05). Above data suggested that Y-type steel plate and double steel plate were effective ways in the repair of intercondylar humeral fractures. However, for different surgical approaches, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance.

Objective: To compare therapeutic effects of clopidogrel and loading dose ticagrelor on aged patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods: A total of 160 aged STEMI patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected.According to random number table, they were randomly and equally divided into clopidogrel group (received loading dose aspirin and clopidogrel therapy) and ticagrelor group (received loading dose aspirin and ticagrelor therapy).Coronary TIMI flow grade, incidence rate of no-reflow after PCI, and incidence of cardiac adverse events and bleeding events in one month after PCI were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with clopidogrel group after PCI, there was significant rise in percentage of coronary TIMI flow grade 3 (71.25% vs.90.00%), and significant reduction in incidence rate of no-reflow (28.75% vs.10.00%) in ticagrelor group,P<0.05 all.Compared with clopidogrel group on one month after PCI, there were significant reductions in incidence rates of cardiogenic death (13.75% vs.3.75%), in-stent thrombosis (6.25% vs.0) and recurrent myocardial infarction (10.00% vs.1.25%), but significant rise in incidence rate of dyspnea (3.75% vs.12.50%) in ticagrelor group, P<0.05 all.There was no significant difference in incidence of bleeding events between two groups, P>0.05 all.Conclusion: Loading dose ticagrelor can effectively improve coronary blood flow, reduce no-reflow and its safety is good in aged patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction, which is worth extending.