Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) is one of the important discoveries in the field of environmental microbiology, and it plays an indispensible role in the nitrogen removal from wastewaters and the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Through review research progress in anaerobic ammonia oxidation, an Anammox special issue is published so as to find problems, explore applications and outlook developments. The special issue consists of reviews and original papers, mainly involving in the following aspects: i) enrichment of Anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB); ii) community analysis of AnAOB; iii) preservation of granular AnAOB sludge; iv) effect of organic matter on Anammox; v) application of Anammox process, etc.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; metabolism ; Environmental Microbiology ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sewage ; microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Waste Water ; chemistry

Tourette syndrome(-TS) is a genetic predisposition,chronic complex neuropsychiatric disease in children.Recent studies focus on the relationship between TS and the genetic variations of susceptibility genes,particularly single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).Highly automated,high accuracy and low cost of SNP detection and analysis technologies have promoted the study of hereditary diseases.The recent research development of SNP in TS related genes was reviewed in the paper.

Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Health Policy ; Humans

We studied the effects of the oxygen on partial nitrification in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), to find out critical dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations for the optimal partial nitrification by monitoring the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and oxygen supply rate (OSR). The nitrite accumulation occurred at a DO concentration of 1 mg/L, while the ratio of nitrite to ammonia in effluent was close to 1 at a DO concentration of 0.5 mg/L which was suitable to serve as the feed of an ANNAMOX system. When the mixed liquid suspended solids(MLSS) was 20 g/L in MBR, OUR and OSR were 19.86 mg O2/(L·s) and 0.369 mg O2/(L·s) respectively, indicating that the oxygen supply was the bottleneck of partial nitrification. "Low DO and high aeration rate" were suggested as a control strategy to further improve the efficiency of partial nitrification.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bioreactors ; Membranes, Artificial ; Nitrification ; Nitrites ; chemistry ; Oxygen ; chemistry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods

Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Radiologic Health

ObjectiveThis paper discusses the instructional design of ＂General survey of medical culture＂,to provide the basis for the implementation of the teaching.MethodsThe first round of our teaching situation was concluded,to improve the teaching objectives,content,methods and the content and methods of teaching evaluation.Results The course is a new medical humanities curriculum to improve medical knowledge of the human spirit of nursing students,training the cultural literacy,but the teaching content should be combined with professional features,and teaching evaluation methods should be improved.ConclusionsRigorous designed curriculum,flexible and diverse teaching methods and forms of assessment and suggestions from the students are conducive to the improvement of the course.

Objective To explore potential synergetic effects of interleukin-2(IL-2) with IL-18 on induction of natural killer(NK) cell activity against myeloma cells in vitro.Methods CD69 expression on NK cells were defined by Flow Cytometry;IFN-? level in supernatants of NK cell culture was measured by ELISA;pure NK cell population was obtained from peripheral blood by using cell purification kit;standard Cr51 release method was used to test NK cell cytotoxicity against myeloma cells in vitro.Results The combined application of IL-18 with low dose of IL-2(10u/mL) significantly enhanced NK cell activation,IFN-? secretion and NK cell cytolytic activity against myeloma cells(U266 and RPMI-8226) as compared to IL-18 alone,respectively.Conclusion IL-2 synergized with IL-18 to induce NK cells activates anti-myeloma cell in vitro and combined use of IL-18 and low dose IL-2 could be an alterative immuno-therapy approach for cancers including myeloma.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the value of genetic testing in clopidogrel individualized antiplatelet therapy for acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). METHODS:Clinical pharmacists participated in therapy for 3 ACS patients after PCI,and analyzed risk factors of stent thrombosis as the degree of lesion complexity,length and number of stents,complication,smoking history,etc. Clinical pharmacists suggested conducting clopidogrel genetic testing (CYP2C19,PON1,ACBC1),and suggested replacing antiplatelet agents,maintaining original plan and strengthening monitoring according to the results of genetic testing. RESULTS:The physicians adopted the suggestions of clinical pharmacists. After optimiz-ing antiplatelet therapy according to the results of genetic testing and clinical factors,3 patients were stable and discharged from hospital with drugs. CONCLUSIONS:Genetic testing can provide evidence for the formulation of individualized antiplatelet thera-py in ACS patients after PCI,and can be regarded as one of the breakthrough points for clinical pharmacists to carry out pharmaceu-tical care. In conducting genetic testing,clinical pharmacists should evaluate the risk of thrombosis in ACS patients and select the appropriate population for testing. At the same time,the clinical factors as medication compliance,stent thrombosis risk,therapeu-tic efficacy,ADR,and evidence-based pharmaceutical evidence should be comprehensively evaluated on the basis of genetic test-ing,and antiplatelet therapy plan should be optimized so as to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of drug use.

Objective To analyse the relationship between the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) and the level of Thrombomodumin(TM),thrombin-antithrombin(TAT) and D-dimer in plasma from 67 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC).Methods The levels of TM,TAT and D-dimer were measured by a two antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and a latex aggregation assay.Results The levels of TM,TAT and D-dimer in plasma of patients with DIC were higher than those in control group(P

BACKGROUND:It can be confirmed by the clinical trial that chronic plantar fasciitis can be treated by extracorporeal shock wave.There are some different explains for the mechanism of action.OBJECTIVE:To introduce the mechanism of action and clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based search was conducted in PUBMED,HighWire and Springer databases for articles published before August 2007 with the key words of "chronic plantar fasciitis,extracorporeal shock wave application" in English by the first and second authors.Inclusive criteria:articles were selected firstly based on the mechanism of action and clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave for chronic plantar fasciitis.Exclusive criteria:articles out-of-date and repeated were removed.LITERATURE EVALUATION:Sixty-five relevant articles were collected,and twenty-five met the inclusive criteria.Of them,4 articles were review,and others were about the mechanism of action and clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave for chronic plantar fasciitis.DATA SYNTHESIS:①Someone believed that high energy shock wave selectively damaged unmyelinated sensory nerve fibers.Low energy shock wave could inhibit the conduction of sensory nerve ending by releasing calcitonin-gene-related peptide and producing neurogenic inflammation.It also could play a long-term analgesic effect by making the changes in regional flow of the brain,regulating pain memory and reducing local stimulatory response.②There are many reports on short-term and long-term outcomes,different energy levels,local anesthetic drug,the depth of plantar fasciitis and therapeutic place.CONCLUSION:It is effective to treat chronic plantar fasciitis by extracorporeal shock wave.Different approaches can bring us different therapeutic outcomes.