Objectives To identify the Francisella strain isolated from blood of a patient with drowning-associated pneumonia.Methods The whole genome of the strain,designated Wenzhou1,was sequenced using the high throughput sequencing technology by 2000/miSeq system of Illumina platform,and the obtained genome draft was assembled by MicrobeTrakr Plus software.The phylogenetic neighbors of Wenzhou1 were obtained by NCBI BLAST analysis from GenBank database for the gene sequences of 16S rRNA,malate dehydrogenase(mdh),DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta (rpoB) and succinate dehydrogenase subunit alpha (sdhA).The average nucleotide identity(ANI) between Wenzhou1 and its phylogenetic neighbors was analyzed by the software OrthoANI using NCBI BLAST search under the Java Runtime Environment Version 8.Results The genome size of Wenzhou1 was 1.96 × 106 bp,containing 74 contigs.The genomic G + C mol％ of Wenzhou1 was 32.1％,which was similar to the other species of genus Francisella and Allofranicella.Based on the analysis of NCBI BLAST of GenBank for the similarities of 16S rRNA gene,mdh gene,rpoB gene and sdbA gene sequences,Wenzhou1 was most closely related to F.hispaniensis FSC454 and Francisella cf.novicida 3523.The ANI of Wenzhou1 was 97.8％ to F.hispaniensis FSC454,97.5％ to 97.6％ to Francisella cf.novicida 3523,but only 91.3％ to 91.5％ to the four subspecies of F.tularensis.Conclusion ANI analysis based on whole genome sequence should be an accurate,effective method for bacterial identification.Wenzhou1 could be identified as F.hispaniensis by ANI with high-throughput whole genome sequencing technology.

Objective Parainfluenza virus is an important pathogen of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children.This study was to search for a method for rapid culture and identification of human parainfluenza viruses from nasal swabs. Methods Nasal swab specimens were collected from 0-5 years old children with acute respiratory tract infection.The specimens were inoculated onto 96 plates with prefabricated LLC-MK2 cells and then centrifuged for 1 hour at 3000 r/min and also inoculated using the traditional culture method, followed by addition of virus mainte-nance medium containing 4 μg/mL TPCK trypsin.The cytopathic effect was observed daily, and hemagglutination and blood absorption tests were done at 2, 5, and 8 days after inoculation.In case of posi-tive result of either test, the specimen was subjected to immunofluo-rescence staining. Results Six strains of parainfluenza virus were isolated from the 83 nasal swab specimens, with a positive rate of 7.2%.There was a significant difference in the rate of separation be-tween the rapid and traditional culture methods after 2 days of culturing (7.2%vs 0%, P<0.05).The infected cells produced a cy-topathic effect that characterized by syncytium and crush formation.Hemagglutination and blood adsorption tests were positive at 4℃and negative at the room temperature.Immunofluorescence staining exhibited specific apple green fluorescence. Conclusion The method for rapid culture and identification of human parainfluenza viruses in nasal swab specimens was successfully established, which can be used to obtain and identify parainfluenza viruses with virulence and biological activity in 2 days.

The oral and gastrointestinal opportunistic pathogen contamination was compared between tooth mugs placed upward and down-ward(n=9)for 1 4 days.Selective cultivation of the pathogens was uesd to measure the extent of contamination.The colony forming units (CFU)of colibacillus in group up and group down were 4.25 ±0.71 and 2.84 ±1 .40(P=0.046),S.mutans 89 ±0.31 and 2.84 ±1 .40 (P<0.001 ),Candida 2.28 ±1 .36 and 2.53 ±1 .92(P=0.002),fungus 2.44 ±0.99 and 0,respecitvely.Thus,tooth mug placed open-ing down is superior for health.

Objective To explore the long-term predictive value of serum concentration of N-terminal prosoma brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the early acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods The 164 patients firstly hospitalized and finally diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were selected, and then the serum concentration of NT-proBNP was determined in less than 12 hours. According to the 75 percentage points of serum concentration of NT-proBNP, the patients were divided into two groups: low concentration group (n = 123) and high concentration group (n = 41 ). The major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were followed and compared at one month, six months and twelve months between low group and high group. Results At 1-, 6-, 12-month follow-up, the odds ratio (OR) of death event were 4.1, 5.6 and 4.0 in high group respectively, and the nonfatal heart failure occurred in 4, 4 and 7 patients in high group. Multiple factor logistic regression analysis showed that NT-proBNP was an independent risk factor of the MACEs at different periods including short time, middle time and long time in ACS patients (P＜0. 05). Conclusions NT-proBNP is a strong predictor of the long-term MACEs in patients with early ACS.

Objective:To analyze the preliminary effects of subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of six patients who underwent subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy in Peking University International Hospital from August 2018 to June 2020.Results:All six patients underwent successful subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy without conversion to thoracotomy. The rate of R0 resection was 100%. Operative time was (175.50 ± 67.78) minutes, intraoperative blood loss was (40.83 ± 31.37) mL, and postoperative drainage time was (7.17 ± 3.55) days. The total amount of postoperative drainage was (1781.67 ± 1293.53) mL. Postoperative hospital stay was (10.67 ± 6.35) days. The length of hospital stay was (19.67 ± 5.65) days. The Visual Analog Scale score measured after surgery was (2.12 ± 0.48) points. Three patients had grade 1 complications, with an incidence of complications of 50.00%. Grade 3-5 compilations did not occur in any patient. No patient died during the perioperative period.Conclusion:Subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy is safe and effective and provides a good visual field. The surgical method allows bilateral thoracic surgery, reduces surgical trauma, and has a broad application prospect.

Objective To investigate the dynamics and development trends of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis after water improvement in Xinbaerhuyouqi of Hulunbeir city, Inner Mongolia and to provide a scientific evidence for the development of countermeasures. Methods We mainly selected Adunchulusumu and Kerlunsumu in Xinbaerhuyouqi of Hulunbeir city as the two monitoring points after water improvement in 2000 -2009. Of these, 1 sample of centralized water supply source water and 3 samples of tap water and 5 samples of noncentralized water supply source water according to water well locations of east, west, south, north and center were collected and the levels of water fluoride were tested; the prevalence of dental fluorosis of school children aged 8 to 12 were examined; from 2002 onwards, the urine samples of 30 children aged 8 to 12(five age groups, six urine samples for each age group) were collected, and all urine samples were collected in the case of less than 30, and urine fluoride was tested. Dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean method; water fluoride was tested using fluoride ion selective electrode(WS/T 106-1999); urinary fluoride was tested by determination of fluoride in urine using ion-selective electrode(WS/T 89-1996). Results In 2000 - 2009, the mean levels of fluorine in drinking water in Adunchulusumu and Kerlunsumu were 1.79 - 4.35 mg/L and 1.38 - 3.18 mg/L, respectively; the detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 were 45.24％(19/42) - 89.78％(123/137) and 40.00％ (28/70) - 74.47％ (70/94), respectively; the median urinary fluoride of them were 2.30 - 4.15 mg/L and 2.73 - 4.55 mg/L, respectively. ConclusionsThe detection rate of children's dental fluorosis remains high in Xinbaerhuyouqi during the past 10 years after changing water. The endemic fluorosis remains a serious disease. Effective prevention and control measures must be taken to control the occurrence of fluorosis in the future.

6'-O-galloylpaeoniflorin (GPF) is a galloylated derivate of paeoniflorin and a key chemical constituent of the peony root, a perennial flowering plant that is widely used as an herbal medicine in East Asia. This study is the first investigation of the cytoprotective effects of GPF against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell injury and death in human HaCaT keratinocytes. GPF demonstrated a significant scavenging capacity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, H2O2-generated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxide anion radical (O2-), and the hydroxyl radical (*OH). GPF also safeguarded HaCaT keratinocytes against H2O2-provoked apoptotic cell death and attenuated oxidative macromolecular damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins. The compound exerted its cytoprotective actions in keratinocytes at least in part by decreasing the number of DNA strand breaks, the levels of 8-isoprostane (a stable end-product of lipid peroxidation), and the formation of carbonylated protein species. Taken together, these results indicate that GPF may be developed as a cytoprotector against ROS-mediated oxidative stress.
Cell Death ; DNA ; Far East ; Flowers ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans* ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Keratinocytes* ; Oxidative Stress ; Paeonia ; Plants ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxides

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prognostic value of ultra-sensitive pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) level in the early phase of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) attack.

METHODSPatients diagnosed as ACS were enrolled and the level of circulatory PAPP-A was measured within 12 hours after ACS attack. The patients were followed at the time of 1st, 6th, and 12th months post-ACS attack in order to observe the incidence of the cardiovascular adverse events. According to the highest quintile, the patients were divided into 2 groups: high level (≥26.08 μg/L) group and low level (<26.08 μg/L) group, to evaluate the association between the level of PAPP-A and the incidence of the cardiovascular events.

RESULTSCompared with the low level group, the incidence of the composite outcome is significantly increased in the high level group, and the values of OR are 4.76, 4.38, 3.75 for 1st, 6th, 12th months respectively (P=0.000). For myocardial infarction (MI) + cardiac death (CD) the values of OR were 9.81, 6.08, 4.12 (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrates that PAPP-A was an independent risk factor for the cardiovascular adverse events in the early, median, and late phase of ACS (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn the early phase of ACS attack, the elevation of PAPP-A is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; diagnosis ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the safety and immunogenicity of the Bilive combined hepatitis A and B vaccine produced by Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd.

METHODSSamples were selected from first year students of a senior high school (adults group) and first to fifth grade 1-5 students of 3 primary schools (children group). Those who were susceptible to both hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), HAV only or HBV only were assigned to group AB, A and B respectively and were vaccinated with three doses (0, 1 and 6 month schedule) of Bilive combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, inactivated hepatitis A vaccine and recombined hepatitis B vaccine respectively. The dosage for adult group was 500 U hepatitis A antigen and/or 10 micro g hepatitis B surface antigen and the dosage for children group was half the dosage of adult group. The potential adverse effects were observed within 72 hours after vaccination. Serum samples were collected for testing anti-HAV and anti-HBs at month 2 and 7 after the initial dose.

RESULTSThe rates of local adverse effects were 0.58% and 2.56% in children AB group and adults AB group and the general adverse effects rates were 9.88% and 5.45% respectively. Both local and general adverse effect rates were not significantly different to the control group. The sero-conversion rate of anti-HAV in children and adults AB group reached 100%, one month after 3 doses. The geometric mean titer (GMTs) reached 33,910 mIU/ml and 23,435 mIU/ml respectively, significant higher than that in control group (group A). The sero-conversion rates of anti-HBs were 97.30% and 96.63%, and GMTs were 103 mIU/ml and 102 mIU/ml in children and adults AB group respectively. No significant difference on sero-conversion and GMT was observed when compared with control group.

CONCLUSIONThe Bilive combined hepatitis A and B vaccine had good safety profile, and the immunogenicity both on anti-HAV and anti-HBs was similar to that of separated components.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Hepatitis A ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Safety ; Vaccines, Combined ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology

We investigated the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol compound, on oxidative damage induced by UVB exposure on human HaCaT cells. In a cell-free system, CGA scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet B (UVB). Furthermore, CGA absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the UVB range (280-320 nm). UVB exposure resulted in damage to cellular DNA, as demonstrated in a comet assay; pre-treatment of cells with CGA prior to UVB irradiation prevented DNA damage and increased cell viability. Furthermore, CGA pre-treatment prevented or ameliorated apoptosis-related changes in UVB-exposed cells, including the formation of apoptotic bodies, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and alterations in the levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. Our findings suggest that CGA protects cells from oxidative stress induced by UVB radiation.
Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Survival ; Cell-Free System ; Chlorogenic Acid* ; Comet Assay ; DNA ; DNA Damage ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Keratinocytes* ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Oxidative Stress* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxides