Radiation nephropathy refers to the damage of renal parenchyma and blood vessel caused by sufficient exposure to ionizing radiation.The clinical presentation includes proteinuria,hematuria,anemia,hypertension,and azotemia.Histological features include capillary loop thickening,mesangiolysis,formation of the double contours,subendothelial swelling,tubular atrophy,and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Similar changes are seen in a variety of experimental animal models.The pathogenesis of radiation nephropathy remained unclear.It is reported that radiation-induced changes in kidney cell phenotype,renin angiotensin system(RAS) and oxidative stress is clearly involved.Multiple experimental studies have shown that antagonism of the RAS is beneficial,even when not initiated until weeks after irradiation.Recent findings suggest a similar benefit in clinical radiation nephropathy.

LncRNAs( long noncoding RNAs ) can be defined as RNA transcrips longer than 200nt without protein coding capacity , which play vital roles in various aspects of gene expression regulation.Recent investigations showed aberrant expression of many lncRNAs in primary liver cancer , indicating their important roles in tumorigenesis and development of liver cancer.This review focuses on the biological functions of lncRNAs and their involvements in primary liver cancer.

Medical imperfection is the major reason for medical bother.How to avoid medical imperfection and guarantee medical security are the key issues of medical administrators.By investigating,integrating and analyzing the causation of the medical imperfection and the ways of prevention,we conclude that human context has an important effect.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

[Summary]_ Severe hypertriglyceridemia is the third common cause of acute pancreatitis following after alcohol abuse and cholelithiasis. Moreover, it is also an important risk factor of cardiovascular events. However, the cases of severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by autoimmune disease were rare in clinical, which would bring the difficulty for diagnosis and treatment. A better understanding of the clinical characteristics, possible pathogenesis, and corresponding therapy of the disease would be helpful, which would reduce the risk of complications, and finally improve both the survival rate as well as quality of life of these patients.

Objective To explore the effects of interleukin1?(IL-1?) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in middle ear cholesteatoma and to explore the correlation between their expression and the ability of destruction of cholesteatoma.Methods IL-1? and MMP-9 were determined immunohistochemically in the specimens from 21 cases cholesteatomas and 10 external ear skin of patients with cholesteatoma.Results The positive expression of IL-1? and MMP-9 in cholesteatoma epithelialium were increased greatly than that in external epidermis(P

Objective To provide an anatomic data of the lumbar isthmus, and to increase the fusion rate of the graft bone for spondylolisthesis treated with posterolateral spinal fusion and Steffee plate fixation. Methods The area and volume of the bone graft bed for posterolateral spinal fusion in the lumbar isthmus were studied on 30 dried specimens of adult lumbar spines from L 1 to L 5(a total of 150 lumbar vertebrae) with a vernier calipers, a goniometer and a graduate. Results The length of the superior edge of the isthmus gradually increased from L 1[(7.34? 1.15) mm] to L 5[(10.31? 1.89) mm], and that of its inferior edge progressively decreased from L 1[(6.63? 1.24) mm] to L 5 [( 4.73? 1.21) mm]. The superior edge of the isthmus was the thinnest at L 1[(1.85? 0.64)mm], and the thickness increased inferiorly from L 1[(6.57? 1.24) mm] to L 5[(7.57? 1.16) mm]. The medial and caudal inclination of the isthmus with respect to the pedicle gradually increased from L 1 (113.9?? 13.3? ) to L 5(119.1?? 13.5? ) medial inclination and from (101.2?? 9.5? ) at L 1 to (117.6?? 13.4? ) at L 5 caudal inclination, respectively. The length of the superior edge of the isthmus and the transverse diameter of the pedicle were positively correlated to the vertebral levels. The length of the inferior edge of the isthmus were negatively correlated to the vertebral levels. The dimensions of the graft bed area were postively correlated to dimensions of the graft bone volume. Conclusion The application of firm spinal internal fixation system with adequate graft bed area and adequate graft volume, the maintenance of close contact between the graft bed and the graft bone, and adequate period of postoperative stable contact of the graft in bed were the keys to enable reduction of the spondylolisthesis and to increase the fusion rate of posterolateral bone graft.

Objective: To compare therapeutic effects of clopidogrel and loading dose ticagrelor on aged patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods: A total of 160 aged STEMI patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected.According to random number table, they were randomly and equally divided into clopidogrel group (received loading dose aspirin and clopidogrel therapy) and ticagrelor group (received loading dose aspirin and ticagrelor therapy).Coronary TIMI flow grade, incidence rate of no-reflow after PCI, and incidence of cardiac adverse events and bleeding events in one month after PCI were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with clopidogrel group after PCI, there was significant rise in percentage of coronary TIMI flow grade 3 (71.25% vs.90.00%), and significant reduction in incidence rate of no-reflow (28.75% vs.10.00%) in ticagrelor group,P<0.05 all.Compared with clopidogrel group on one month after PCI, there were significant reductions in incidence rates of cardiogenic death (13.75% vs.3.75%), in-stent thrombosis (6.25% vs.0) and recurrent myocardial infarction (10.00% vs.1.25%), but significant rise in incidence rate of dyspnea (3.75% vs.12.50%) in ticagrelor group, P<0.05 all.There was no significant difference in incidence of bleeding events between two groups, P>0.05 all.Conclusion: Loading dose ticagrelor can effectively improve coronary blood flow, reduce no-reflow and its safety is good in aged patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction, which is worth extending.

0.05).2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg avermetine groups can increased the activity of LDH,GS,CK in cerebrum,and decreased the activity of CaN in cerebrum,compared with control group(P0.05).Conclusion Avermectine may cause the toxic effect in rat nervous system through creating the nerve metabolism enzyme activity.

Objective To explore the mechanism of nanometer calcium combined with tonifying kidney herbs on osteoporosis by studying the expression of CaBP-D9K mRNA and protein in the intestinal mucosa of osteoporosis rats due to kidney deficiency. Method The rat model of osteoporosis due to kidney deficiency was established by ovariectomy. Applying the nanometer calcium and nanometer calcium combined with tonifying kidney herbs (big, middle and small dosage) to the rats for 12 weeks, choosing Gushukang, E2 and Gai’erqiD600 as the control drugs. The expression of the CaBP-D9K mRNA and protein in the intestinal mucosa of the osteoporosis rats due to kidney deficiency was determined by the method of RT-PCR and western blotting. Result There was CaBP-D9K and protein expression in the normal rats intestinal mucosa tissue, which plays an important role in the process of the intestinal calcium absorption. The episode of the rat osteoporosis due to kidney deficiency is related to the change of the CaBP-D9K and protein expression and has influence on the intestinal calcium absorption. Conclusion The nanometer calcium combined with tonifying kidney Chinese herbs can stimulate the calcium absorption of intestine, prevent and treat the osteoporosis due to kidney deficiency through regulating the expression of CaBP-D9K mRNA and protein in the intestinal mucosa.