New technologies and ideas are constantly emerging recently. With the arrival of the era of minimally invasive surgery, most of the colorectal cancer surgeries can be conducted through minimally invasive techniques. In this study, we discuss the status, characteristics, controversy, and consensus of minimally invasive techniques in colorectal cancer surgery.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of rutin in Anoectochili roxburghii. Methods:The detection was carried out by HPLC. A Lanbo-Kromasil C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) was used with methanol-0. 2% phosphoric acid solu-tion (40∶60) as the mobile phase;the detection wavelength was 257nm, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the column temperature was 30℃. Results:Rutin showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0. 021-0. 433 μg(r=0. 999 6). The average recovery was 96. 65%(RSD=1. 67%, n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid, specific and reproducible.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the the positive rate and necrosis rate of retropharyngeal lymph nodes with the clinical effects of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (PNC).Methods Seventy-two patients with PNC,50 males and 22 females,with the median age of 50,underwent IMRT delivered into 33 times.The retropharyngeal lymph nodes involved and positive lymph nodes of neck were delineated on the CT image.The median dose and median fractionated dose for gross tumor volume (GTV) were 70.0 and 2.12 Gy respectively,and the median dose and median fractionated dose for clinical target volume (CTV) were 70.0 and 2.12 Gy respectively.The patients were followed up for 36 (5-54) months.Results The metastasis rate of the neck lymph nodes was 90.3％,the metastasis rates in the regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ were 2.8％,86.0％,51.4％,20.8％,and 37.5％,respectively.The metastasis rate of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes was 79.2％,and specifically the metastasis rates of the left,right,and bilateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes were 51.4％,45.9％,and 18.1％,respectively.The cross metastasis rate was 6.9％.Necrosis of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes was found in 15 cases.The necrosis rates of the left,right,and bilateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes were 21.6％,27.2％,15.4％,respectively.Retropharyngeal lymph nodes metastasis was significantly correlated with N stage and clinical stage(Fuzhou 92:r =-0.383,-0.314,P ＜ 0.05 ; UICC:r =-0.434,-0.306,P ＜ 0.05).Local recurrence was observed in 4 patients,6 patients had distant metastasis,and 7 patients died.The positiveness of retropharyngeal lymph nodes was significantly correlated with the recurrence rate,distant metastasis rate,survival rate,and disease free survival rate (r =0.085,0.138,-0.140,-0.124,P ＜ 0.05),and the necrosis of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes was significantly correlated with the recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate (r =0.256,-0.057,P ＜ 0.05),and not significantly correlated with the survival rate and disease free survival rate.Conclusions Retropharyngeal lymph nodes metastasis in NPC is correlated with the N stage and clinical stage.The positiveness of retropharyngeal lymph nodes is significantly correlated with local recurrence,distant metastasis,and survival.Necrosis of retropharyngeal lymph nodes in NPC is significantly correlated with local recurrence and distant metastasis after IMRT.

BACKGROUND:With elevated medical levels, limb salvage surgery for limb malignant tumor is valuable day by day. At present, the limb salvage surgery has substituted amputation and becomes mainstream and development direction of present surgical treatment of limb tumors. However, so far, there are no unified surgical indications for proximal femur tumor, which are controversial. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of artificial total hip arthroplasty combined with extended resection of tumor sections for proximal femoral bone tumors. METHODS:Patients with proximal femoral bone tumors in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were selected and divided into control group and observation group, with 30 patients in each group. According to the disease, lesion curettage, aneurysm wal inactivation, autologous and (or) al ogeneic bone, mixed bone graft and bone graft fixation were selected to treat the control group. The observation group patients received extended resection of tumor sections and total hip arthroplasty. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay and joint function of two groups were compared. 2 years later, patients were revisited. Metastasis and recurrence rate, death rate and quality of life of two groups were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and surgery time between the two groups (P>0.05). However, hospital stay of patients in the observation group was shorter than the control group. The excellent and good rate of recovery of joint function (83%) was higher in the observation group than in the control group (53%). The metastasis and recurrence rate within 2 years after surgery (7%) and death rate (3%) were lower in the observation group than in the control group (30%, 23%). Various indicators of quality of life of patients in the observation group were significantly better than the control group (P<0.05). These results confirmed that artificial total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of proximal femur tumors is safe and effective.

Objective To study the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and osteopontin (OPN) in cervical carcinoma and their relationship with invasion and metastasis. Methods The expression of MMP-3 and OPN were detected in 54 cases of cervical cancer tissues by immunohistochemical SP method. Compared with 15 cases of normal cervical tissues, the relationship was analyzed between both protein expressions and clinical pathology. Results The expression positive rates of MMP-3 and OPN in cervical cancer tissues (70.37 % and 66.7 %, respectively) were significantly higher than those of normal cervical tissues (20 % and 0, respectively), were significantly higher with infiltration depth >1/2 and lymph node metastasis than those with depth≤1/2 and without metastasis , respectively(P <0.05). The expressions of MMP-3 and OPN were related with depth of cervical infiltration and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer.Expressions between MMP-3 and OPN were significantly positively correlation(r =0.401, P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of MMP-3 and OPN are correlated with invasion and metastasis of cervical carcinoma.

Purpose To investigate the alterations of homotopic functional connectivity and interhemispheric structural connectivity in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (unilateral TLE).Materials and Methods Resting-state functional MR imaging data were acquired from patients in the first affliated hospital of Guang Zhou Medical University who were enrolled from Oct.2013 to Oct.2015 with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (n=43) [21 left TLE(LTLE) and 22 right TLE(RTLE)] and normal controls (NC) (n=24).We mainly concerned about the functional connectivity between any pair of symmetric interhemispheric voxels which were measured by voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC).Structural magnetic resonance images were acquired in 10 LTLE patients,16 RTLE patients and 20 NCs.Homotopic regions showing abnormal functional connectivity in patients were adopted as regions of interest for DTI.The FA values were compared between groups.Two-sample t test were used.Results Compared with NC group,the LTLE patients showed increased interhemispheric functional connectivity among the bilateral angular gyri,occipital gyri and superior parietal gyri,and decreased functional connectivity between the bilateral supplementary motor areas,middle temporal gyri,medial frontal gyri and inferior parietal lobules.Compared with control subjects,RTLE patients exhibited increased interhemispheric functional connectivity among bilateral inferior occipital gyri,parahippocampa gyri,cerebellum,as well as decreased functional connectivity among the bilateral middle temporal gyri,precentral gyri and inferi or frontalgyri.Statistical results indicated that the FA value of the commissural fiber bundles connecting the bilateral hippocampal gyri was smaller in RTLE patients than NC patients (t=10.55,P＜0.01).The FA value of the association fibers connecting the bilateral hippocampal gyrus had no significant difference between the LTLE group and NC group.Conclusion The increase or decrease of VMHC value in some brain regions in TLE suggested that there were changes in the functional synchronization and coordination in the two hemispheres in patients with unilateral TLE.In the RTLE patients,some brain regions which had abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity also had structural damage.

Objective To investigate the effects of adenovirus vectors for BTB and cap'n'collar protein homology 1 (Bach1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) on antioxidanffactors and fibrosis related cytokines in lung fibroblasts (MLF) in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induced mouse.Methods Bach1 siRNA recombinant adenovirus vectors and blankadenovirus vectorwere constructed,then the MLF cells were incubated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) for 24 h and infected with blankvector and successful constructed Bach1 siRNAs.The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of Bach1,heme oxygenase (HO)-1,glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) in cell supernatants were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Changes of fibrosis-related cytokines including TGF-β1 and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in cell supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for multiple group comparisons and LSD test was used to compare the two groups.Results Bach1 mRNA (2.127±0.089) and protein expression increased significantly after TGF-31 stimulation compared with blank group (1.000±0.067,t=-21.77,P＜0.01),as well as the expression of fibrosis-related cytokines TGF-β1 (52±6) and IL-6 (34±6) in cell supernatants increased significantly after TGF-β1 stimulation compared with blank group (26±4,t=-11.11,P＜0.01 and 20±5,t=-5.32,P＜0.01),but the mRNA expression of HO-1 and GPx1 (0.403±0.040 and 0.567±0.112) also the protein expression decreased significantly compared with mRNA (1.000±0.181,t=25.57,P＜0.01 and 1.000±0.212,t=6.68,P＜0.05) and protein expression in blank group.Follow the Bach1 siRNA treatment,Bach1 mRNA (0.153±0.015) and protein levels were significantly downregulated compared with mRNA (2.129±0.089 and 1.973±0.035,F=1835.95,P＜0.01) and protein expression of TGF-β1 and blank vector group,as well as TGF-β1 (26±3) and IL-6 (11±3) expression in cell supernatant were significantly inhibited compared with TGF-31 (52±6 and 34±6) and blankvector group (49±5 and 33±6) (F=22.25,P＜0.01 and F=28.38,P＜0.01).But the mRNA levels of HO-1 (3.303±0.294) and GPx1 (1.840±0.231) in MLF were promoted significantly compared with TGF-β1 (0.403±0.040 and 0.567±0.112) and blank vector group (0.353±0.057 and 0.667±0.090) (F=53.90,P＜0.01 and F=526.25,P＜0.01).Conclusion Silencing Bach1 rescues TGF-β1 induced reduction of antioxidants and increasethefibrosis in MLF cells.The study offers an experimental basis to explore pathogenesis of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy for connective tissue disease related inter-stitial lung disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Alloiococcus otitidis (A. otitidis) and Secretory Otitis Media (SOM) in adults.Methods The study included 39 adult patients suffering from SOM and 42 samples (middle ear effusion, MEE)were collected. We detected the four organisms(A. otitidis ,S. pneumoniae, H.influenzae and M. catarrhalis) by mutiplex PCR, for comparing the bacterial findings in the patients with or without cold history, with or without antibiotic treatment, with effusion of different characters and durations by chi-square test. Results The DNA of A. otitidis was detected from 5 MEEs(11.9%).To acute SOM, only 1 sample was PCR-positive for A. otitidis; and to chronic SOM,4 samples were positive. There was a significant difference between them. There were 3 serous MEEs and 2 mucous MEEs, which were PCR-positive for A. otitidis, and there was a significant difference between them. Antibiotic therapy didn't contribute to PCR-positive for A.otitidis. Conclusion There is A. otitidis in the MEEs of adult SOM and it may be a pathogenic factor in SOM. A. otitidis may play an important role in chronic SOM.

This study revealed that the content of intra and extracellular polysaccharides may be related to the cultural conditions.With decreasing NaHCO 3 or NaNO 3 concentration,the content of intracellular polysaccharide was reduced,Reduction of NaNO 3 concentration still caused the rise of extracellular polysaccharides.The K 2HPO 4 or NaCl concentration also had an effect on the production of both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides.When PH value of media maintained at 8.0,there was the highest content of intra and extracellular polysaccharides.The same high content also occurred after culture of nine days.In addition the content of intracellular polysaccharide was higher under continuous light than under the light/dark circle.

Rapid Golgi preparations of golden hamster dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd)show three classes of neurons with different morphological characteristics. Class Ⅰ and class Ⅲ cells are distributed throughout the LGd.Class Ⅱ cells are found more common medially at mid-genieulate levels.Class Ⅰ cells are multipolar neurons with large cell body.The smooth primary dendrites branch extensively. Spine-like and small excrescences are found along distal dendrites.Class Ⅱ cells have medium size pear-like cell body.The distal dendrites are usually derived from one primary dentrite.Dense cluster of dentritic protrusions is usually found at branch points of the dendrites.Class Ⅲ cells have the smallest cell body and are paucidendritie but the dendrites have complex protrusions including pearl-like dendritic appendages.Class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ cells possess an axon but most of class Ⅲ cells are not found to have an axon. The connections between the LGd and visual cortex was investigated using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase(HRP)histochemical method.After injection of HRP into the visual cortex,Class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ neurons were labelled but class Ⅲ celts were not suggesting that class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ cells are projecting neurons.Class Ⅲ cells do not seem to project to the visual cortex and are probably local circuit neurons.