The risk factors of traffic crash include drinking/drunk drive, accident proneness, fatigue driving, speeding, and poor vehicle quality. This article introduces the protection, emergency treatment, and basic scientific research of road traffic injury (RTI). As a public health issue, RTI is preventable, and personal factor is a key problem. It is important to establish an accurate and comprehensive RTI database, which may provide necessary information for the epidemiological research and crash prevention. The author also gives some suggestions on road traffic safety development in our country.
Accidents, Traffic ; prevention & control ; Databases, Factual ; Epidemiologic Research Design ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; prevention & control ; therapy

Child, Preschool ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; Dentition, Permanent ; Humans ; Infant ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth Avulsion ; therapy ; Tooth Crown ; injuries ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Fractures ; therapy ; Tooth Injuries ; therapy ; Tooth, Deciduous ; injuries ; Tooth, Impacted ; etiology

C. Conclusion Adequate hemodilution can attenuate the lung injury induced by I/R. The protective effect is better if hemodilution is performed before I/R.

Objective To investigate the effects of tramadol hydrechloride pretreatment on the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium following acute myocardial is-chemia in the rats. Method Eighteen adult male SD rats weighing 270 to 300 g were randomly divided into three groups(n = 6, in each): group Ⅰ ,sham operation; group Ⅱ , myocardial isehemia, and group Ⅲ, tramadol hydrochloride pretreatment. The anterior descending branch of left coronary artery was occluded(CAO)for 3 hours in rats of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. In group Ⅲ, tramadol hydrochloride 12.5 mg·kg~(-1) was injected through caudal vein 15 minutes before CAO. At 3 hours after myocardial ischemia, the hearts were removed for determination of CGRP protein content in ischemic and non-ischemie myocardium by immuno-histochemistry and enzyme immunometric as-say, and the expression of CGRPmRNA by RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. ResultsOnly β-CGRPmRNA was found in rats myocardium. In the ischemic myocardium, the average light density of CGRP(0.215 ± 0. 100), positive unit (36.95 ± 1.70), concentration (39.06 ± 1.86) and expression of β-CGRP mRNA 0. 946 ± 0. 019) were significantly increased in group Ⅱ compared with those in group Ⅰ (0. 139 ± 0.006), (25.01 ± 1.03), (20.80± 1.24), (0.734±0.025) (P <0.05), and decreased markedly in group Ⅲ(0.158+0.008),(28.53±1.21),(28.58±2.10),(0.872±0.024) (P < 0.05) In the non-ischemic my-ocardium, the average hght density of CGRP(0.156 ± 0.017), positive unit(28.57 ± 2.23), concentration (28.58 ± 1.12) and expression of β-CGRP mRNA(0.810 ± 0.021) were significantly increased in group Ⅱ com-pared with those in group Ⅰ (0.109+0.013, 20.91 ～2.14, 17.35+2.72, 0.701 ～0.018) (P < 0.05), and decreased markedly in group Ⅲ(0.120±0.008), (22.58±1.18), (23.26±2.41), (0.779±0.022) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Tramadol hydrochloride pretreatment can significantly inhibit increase in CGRP expression in myocardium elicited by CAO, which might imply that tramadol hydrochloride might take part in protection of my-ocardium against acute myocardial ischemia by means of pain-relief.

Objective To investigate the spatio-temporal expression of connexin 43(Cx43) in the cultured ventricular myocardial cells of neonatal rats. Methods The techniques of Immunocytochemistry(ICC) and immuno-electron microscopy were used to detect the Cx43 expression in the cultured rat ventricular myocardial cells on the(2nd),(4th),(8th),(10th),(12th),(16th),(20th,)(26th) and(30th) days. Results Cx43 expression was detected in the cultured ventricular myocardial cells on the 2(nd) day,and the Cx43 granules were located largely in the cellular cytoplasm and membrane.The punctiform granule of the cellular cytoplasm decreased and the expression of Cx43 was located mainly in cellular membrane junction on the 4(th) day.The expression of Cx43 increased in cellular membrane junction on the 10(th) day,and the morphology of Cx43 expression was chain-and strip-like.There were not obvious changes in the following days.The expression of Cx43 on the 30(th) day was derangement.Conclusion The spatio-temporal expression of Cx43 in the cultured ventricular myocardial cells of neonatal rats changed with the cultural time in terms of location and quantity.It was in accordance with the growth and development of the cultured ventricular myocardial cells.

Child ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; Dentition, Permanent ; Humans ; Incisor ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Male ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Orthodontic Extrusion ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Radiography ; Tooth Avulsion ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Tooth Eruption

Objective To study the efficacy of pelvic reconstruction surgery in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapsey (POP).Methods 18 patients with POP underwent pelvic reconstruction surgery were selected.Clinical parameters during peri-operation were recorded.After 3 months and 6 months,pelvic organ prolapse quantitative examination(POP-Q) and anatomic improvement in these patients were analyzed.Comparisons of pelvic floor distress impact questionnaire short form 7 (PFIQ-7) and quality of sexual life of chinese women questionnaire in these patients before and after surgery were used to evaluate quality of life and quality of sexual life.Results Median operation time was (90.0 ± 13.2) minutes and median blood loss was (30.0 ± 1.2) ml,all the patients were followed.The objective cure rate was 100％.The mean score of post-operative PFIQ-7 were significantly lower than those of pre-operation (P ＜ 0.01),and those of qualify of sexual life of chinese women questionnaire was no significantly difference (P ＞0.05).The rate of mesh crosion was 0,and there was no case of de novo urinary incontinence and de novo dyspareunia.Conclusion Pelvic reconstruction surgery is a safe and efficacious management.It can improve qualify of life remarkably and have no influence on sexual quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of oxcarbazepine(OXC) on the children with partial epilepsy.Met-hods Sixty-four children with partial epilepsy were divided into 2 groups.Forty-one newly diagnosed patients who had never accepted standard therapy entered monotherapy group,and 23 patients who had many anti-epileptic drug(AEDs) in turn with poor efficacy served as add-on therapy group.The initial dose was 4-8 mg/(kg?d).The dosage was increased by one time every 2 weeks,and should not exceed 10 mg/(kg?d) in each time.The maintenance dose was 28-40 mg/(kg?d).With open-label autocontrol method,the efficacy and adverse events of OXC were analyzed during the first 6 months of treatment both in 2 groups.Results The effective rates were 85.4%,69.6% and 79.7%,in monotherapy,add-on therapy and total groups.The seizure free rates were 53.7%,17.4% and 40.6%.It showed that the seizure frequencies between 2 groups at 6 months after therapy were significantly difference(P0.05).The common adverse events were dizziness,headache,fatigue and nausea.Six patients had dropped out because of rashes,however,they all recovered after drug withdrawal and nonspecific therapy.Conclusion The efficacy of OXC is sustained with good safety and tolerability profiles on the treatment of children patients with partial epilepsy.

Disaster Medicine ; Earthquakes ; Emergency Medicine ; General Surgery ; Humans ; Relief Work ; Wounds and Injuries ; surgery

Objective To analyze the influence factors of lower extremities deep venous thrombosis after hip replacement,and provide guidance for perioperative prevention.Methods 52 cases of patients underwent total hip replacement were selected,who were given color doppler ultrasound examination for lower limb venous thrombosis after hip replacement.And analyzed risk factors of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis from patient's gender,age,blood lipid,D -dimer,complications and surgical index.Results During the 52 cases,16 cases were found with postopera-tive lower limb deep vein thrombosis (30.8%);Single factor analysis showed that patients with age ≥65 years,over-weight or obese (BMI≥25kg/m2 ),high triglycerides (TG ≥ 1.7mmol/L)and high D -dimer level (≥500μg/L), diabetes or high blood pressure,large blood transfusion combined with a greater incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (P <0.05).Further multiple factors regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years,overweight or obesity, high triglycerides,high D -dimer,diabetes,large blood transfusions were independent risk factors of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (OR =15.693,1.278,9.832,3.053,1.855,1.014,all P <0.05).Conclusion Patients with total hip replacement should be given preoperative vein thrombosis risk assessment,patients with age ≥65,overweight or obese,high triglycerides,D -dimer level,diabetes,large number of blood transfusions have higher risk of deep vein thrombosis,we should focus on perioperative monitoring,application of low molecular heparin,lower limb vein pump, etc.early postoperative lower limb rehabilitation exercise,to reduce the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis.