Objective To investigate the potential roles of nucleotide -binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor in the pathogenesis of asthma.Methods Through rat asthma model,24 rats were randomly divided into three groups on average,named asthma group,control group and dexamethasone group.Expression levels of NOD1 and NOD2 mRNA were detected by Real -time PCR in lung tissues.Results The expression levels of NOD1 mRNA in the asthma group,control group and dexamethasone group were (0.62 ±0.34)RQ value,(1 .00 ± 0.00)RQ value,(0.65 ±0.33 )RQ value respectively.The levels of NOD1 mRNA in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the control group(F =4.75,P <0.05 ),while there was no statistically significant difference of NOD1 mRNA level between the dexamethasone group and asthma group(P >0.05).Moreover,expression levels of NOD2 mRNA in the asthma group,control group and dexamethasone group were (0.92 ±0.32)RQ value, (1 .00 ±0.00)RQ value,(1 .50 ±0.56)RQ value,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference of NOD2 mRNA level between the asthma group and control group (P >0.05 ),but level of NOD2 mRNA in the dexamethasone group was significantly higher than that in the asthma group(F =5.64,P <0.01 ).And there was no significant correlation between level of NOD1 and NOD2 mRNA(r =0.1 5,P >0.05).Conclusion Expression of NOD -like receptor subtype was not at the same level,and their reaction to dexamethasone were different either.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic changes of the lung epithelial tumor with epithelioid granuloma. Methods E-leven cases of lung malignant tumor with epithelial epithelioid granuloma reaction were studied according to the histological changes of lung epithelial tumor, immunophenotype, acid-fast staining, and tuberculosis PCR test results combined with follow-up data. Results The mean age was 62. 3 years, and male to female ratio was 10∶ 1. The main clinical manifestations displayed a cough, chest pain, fever and hemoptysis or bloody sputum. Nine cases were malignant tumors, tuberculosis or inflammatory lesions was 1 case each in pre-vious surgery. The tumor with epithelioid granuloma formation of the 11 cases displayed in the same site ( mixed) . The histopathologic changes of the lesions showed a epithelioid or typical tuberculous granulomas formation, including 4 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases of neuroendocrine tumors. The acid-fast bacilli staining was positive in 3 cases;6 cases were positive for PCR detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis. 5 patients died within 2 years due to various causes. Conclusions The lung epithelial tumors with epithelioid granuloma is more commonly found in the middle-aged, The signs and symptoms of the patients are similar to primary epithelial malignant tumors of the lung . The biological behavior was progressive with poor prognosis. The diagnosis of the lesions depends on pathological examination. It is very important to pay more attention to the pathological examination, especially in lung puncture samples, and the differential diagnosis for a definate diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND:Stem celltherapy for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury has been the hot topics for many scholars. Its mechanism is very complex, which could not be explained by simple mechanism of stem cells differentiation. It is the result involving a variety of mechanisms. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence on immune cells during the bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltherapy for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, then to preliminary summarize the immune regulation mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltherapy for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:First, we established a model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and, cultured and purified rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Then, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into the rat models. Using flow cytometry detection technology, we analyzed the proportion of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells of rat spleen cells, discussed the effects on immune cells during the bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltherapy for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and then transferred the rat’s spleen cells to the nude mice which were subjected to renal renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Renal function and renal histological changes of nude mice were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation could significantly inhibit the decrease of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cellof spleen cells in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The transplantation of spleen cells from the above-mentioned rats to nude mice could obviously protect nude mice from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, characterized by lower serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and renal tubule pathologic damage score. Therefore, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have protective effects on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the immune system.

BACKGROUND:Genetic factors, environment, chronic infection, and autoimmune disorders are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Ethnic and regional diversity of differentialy expressed genes has become research hotspot because of family aggregation and ethnic diversity of ankylosing spondylitis.
OBJECTIVE:To screen differentialy expressed genes in Xinjiang Uygur and Han patients with ankylosing spondylitis by microarray screening and compare differences in gene expressions.
METHODS: Uygur and Han patients with active ankylosing spondylitis in department of rheumatology of our hospital were randomly colected with five patients for each. In addition, three healthy volunteers were selected as controls. RNA from peripheral blood was extracted and used for microarray hybridization after probe preparation to screen differentialy expressed genes in ankylosing spondylitis samples and the microarray results were verified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty differentialy expressed miRNAs were screened in Uygur and Han patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (P < 0.05). From relationship analysis of target genes and miRNAs, 15 target genes corresponding to the 79 miRNAs involved in human leucocyte antigens and interleukins which linked to human immunity system were found. These findings suggest that differentialy expressed genes can be screened from Uygur and Han patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of different functional levels of autism and the diffe-rence in children. Methods A total of 159 autistic children aged 13-71 months including 85 high-functioning autistic (HFA) chil-dren and 74 low-functioning autistic (LFA) children were evaluated for their developmental characteristics by the development scales from the psycho-educational profile-revised (PEP-R). Results Within the same age group, both HFA and LFA children had obvious unbalance in individual ability development (H=41.68~113.51, P<0.01). Impaired cognitive performance is most common in HFA children. The development of cognitive performance was inconsistent with cognitive expression while the gross motor development was normal. The ability development in LFA children were all impaired, especially in imitation, cogni-tive performance and cognitive expression. With increasing age, the scores of imitation, perception, cognitive performance, cog-nitive expression and overall development quotient were increased gradually in HFA children (P<0.05) while the scores of cogni-tive performance and overall development quotient were decreased in LFA children. Conclusions Autistic children tend to have abnormal developmental progress and order, and individual ability development varies by functional level in autistic children with increasing age.

Objective To investigate possible role of 14 -3 -3 in the pathogenesis of asthma inflammation, the expression of 14 -3 -3 protein was observed in lung tissues of asthmatic rats.Methods Expressions of 14 -3 -3 protein was determined by immunohistochemisty method in lung tissues,and the relationship between 14 -3 -3 and asthma inflammation was analyzed.Results The location of positive expression of 14 -3 -3 protein was mainly at cytoplasm,while little at plasmalemma.The positive expression cell mostly was bronchial epithelial cell,others were lymphocytes,alveolar macrophages and vascular endothelial cells.On the other hand,the bronchial smooth muscle and vascular smooth muscle were negative expressed.Moreover,the expression level of 14 -3 -3 protein in asthma group [(0.353 ±0.023)absorbance]was significantly higher than that in the control group[(0.211 ±0.028 )absorbance] (t =10.969,P <0.01).Conclusion The results showed that the 14 -3 -3 protein was overexpressed in asthmatic lung tissue,it may play an important role in asthma inflammation through bronchial epithelial cells,lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages and vascular endothelial cell.

BACKGROUND:Whether there is a necessary connection or internal patterns between the amount of bone cement-recovery of vertebral height-clinical efficacy has no evidence-based medicine findings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures using percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement injection.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of vertebral height in the elderly with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement injection.
METHODS:A total of 110 elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (139 vertebrae) were admitted at the Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2011 to December 2012. Al the patients received percutaneous vertebroplasty by the same group of surgeons. Bone cement at drawing stage was injected into the fractured vertebra. During the 12-month folow-up, visual analogue scale, Barthel index and vertebral height restoration were observed as evaluation indexes.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The surgical treatment was done successfuly in the 110 patients (139 vertebrae). The amount of bone cement per vertebra was 3-6 mL, with a mean of 3.5 mL. At 12 months after surgery, the visual analog scale scores were decreased from 7.9 to 1.8, Barthel index was increased from 40.25 to 82.21, both of which were improved significantly (P < 0.05). After surgery, the vertebral heights at the anterior and middle parts were increased by (81.25±9.26)% and (78.22±10.65)%, respectively, and there was significant differences before ant at 24 hours, 3 months and 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05). During the folow-up, there were five vertebrae with bone cement leakage, but no clinical symptoms occurred, and no nerve injury or pulmonary embolism happened. These findings indicate that percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement injection can effectively relieve pain, restore the vertebral height, reduce the incidence of complications and shorten the recovery time in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum bone metabolism biomarkers and bone mineral density (BMD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with different stages. Methods Seventy-eight CKD patients were enrolled in this study and were assigned to different groups according to their ereatinine clearance (Cer). Patients with Cer ≥ 15 ml/min were divided into 4 groups based on clinical CKD 1-4 stage standard, and those with Ccr<15 ml/min were divided into two groups of hemodialysis (HD) and non-HD. Their levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkalinity phosphatase (ALP), urea, Ser, osteocalein (gla-protein, OC), calcitonin (CT), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and BMD were detected respectively. Results (1) The serum levels of OPG, iPTH and phosphorus increased significantly in stage 3, 4, 5, respectively (P<0.01), and serum OPG level was elevated to (5.1±1.34) ng/L after HD, which was significantly higher than (3.35±0.76) ng/L before HD (P<0.05). The levels of serum OC, CT, calcium, ALP were not significantly different among patients with different CKD stages, while the level of OC was elevated in HD patients (P<0.05). The femoral WARDS triangle BMD of CKD stage 4 patients decreased to 0.77±0.09, which was less than the value of CKD stage 1 patients (P<0.01), with litde influence from hemodialysis treatment. (2) The level of serum OPG was positively correlated with the levels of serum phosphorus, iPTH, OC (r = 0.51, 0.39, 0.36,all P<0.01), and it was negatively correlated with the level of Ccr (r =-0.70, P<0.01). The femoral WARDS triangle BMD was negatively correlated with the levels of iPTH, OC, phosphorus and OPG (r =-0.59,-0.51,-0.45,-0.48, all P<0.05). Conclusions Most of serum bone metabolism biomarkers change according to the declined level of Cer. Compared with serum phosphorus, the levels of iPTH, BGP and femoral WARDS triangle BMD, serum OPG may be early diagnosticmarkers of renal osteodystrophy in CKD patients.

Objective To analyze the effect of dominant accessory atrioventricular pathways (AP) on the end vector of ventricular depolarization. Methods All patients had single AP confirmed by radiofrequency cathteter abalation (RFCA) and were free from organic heart disease (including 102 cases of dominant accessory AP and 38 cases of concealed AP). The AP was divided into posterior septal(P3) ,mediate septal (MS) ,anterior septal (AS), left posterior free wall (LP), left anterior free wall (LA), right posterior free wall (RP) and right anterior free wall (RA). Results The end 40 ms vector of QRS wave changed in 102 patients with manifested AP and in 4 patients with concealed AP (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The end 40 ms vector of QRS wave of any site manifested AP can change and the changes have the specihty of leads.

Objective To study the value of ultrasound in operation for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in simulation field hospitals where computed tomography (CT) equipment is unavailable.Methods The wartime conditions were simulated, and the patients at age of 18-60 years were randomly selected.According to the principles of medical ethics, all patients received CT scanning.Two neurosur-geons from the field hospital who did not know the result of CT examination cooperated with another two neurosurgeons who got the results of the CT examination to determine whether operation should be ap-plied.Forty-five patients who needed emergency craniotomy were finally selected.The operations were performed by two neurosurgeons from the field hospital, with real-time ultrasound monitoring.The results of ultrasound were compared with that of CT scanning.Results A total of 64 lesions were found by ul-trasound , and 60 of which should be treated by operation.In the meantime, 82 lesions were found by CT scanning, 64 of which should be treated operatively.Epidural hematoma and subdural hematoma had high ultrasound detection rate, followed by intracerebral hematoma, subdural effusion and brain contusion.The overall detection rate of ultrasound was 87.1%.Conclusion Ultrasound plays an important role in correctly finding the focus so as to reduce blind operation and avoid omission of the focus in field hospi-tals, where CT equipment is usually unavailable.