Nutrients have an important role in the progression of digestive tract cancer.The progress is regulated by the aberrant DNA,apoptosis,et al.This review is about the associated genes of methylation,nutrients,and molecular regulating mechanisms in esophageal cancer.

0.05).Tongue base resection(P=0.0164)and different methods of reconstruction(P=0.0011)had significant effects on the swallowing function.CONCLUSION The main factors of influencing swallowing function after resection of oral and oropharyngeal cancers are presence or absence of tongue base resection and different methods of reconstruction.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of modified neck dissection (MND)preserving jugular vein on patients with supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma,the clinical data of 88 cases were analyzed retrospectively.Methods:There were 48 males and 40 females,ranging in age from 37 to 72 years old who were diagnosed supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.The clinical stages were T18,T2 30,T3 28,T4 22,cN1 38,cN2 48,cN3 2;pN0 11,pN1 21,pN2 54 and pN3 2,respectively.Among 146 lateral neck dissections in 88 cases (bilateral 58 cases,one lateral 30 cases),106 were MND,40 being radical neck dissections (RND).Of 106 MND,64 were simultaneously performed bilateral neck dissections (18 cases preserved bilateral jugular veins,14 cases preserved on side jugular veins),52 subsequently bilateral neck dissections(first time was RND ,and the second time was all MND).One side MND was performed in 30 cases,which preserved jugular veins.Results:The 3-year survival rate was 81.5%(22/27)in the simultaneous bilateral neck dissection,60.9%(14/23)in the subsequent neck dissection,75.0%(15/20)in the one lateral neck dissection.The 5-year survival rate was 61.5%(16/26),40.9%(9/22),70.6%(12/17)respectively.The recurrent rate of lymph node postoperative was 12.9%(11/85)in the lymph node less than 3cm in diameter,47.6%(10/21)more than 3cm in diameter.The recurrent rate of lymph node was 22.5%(9/40)in the group of RND,19.8%(12/106)in the group of MND.Conclusions:Because the neck lymph node metastasis often occurred in supraglottic carcinoma,the bilateral neck dissection is necessary during which one side jugular vein must be preserved.Results suggested that if the metastasis lymph node was less than 3cm in diameter and had not adhered to jugular vein,the jugular vein should be preserved,which could lesson complications and get better life quality.

Objective To study the experience of cricohiodoepiglottopexy(CHEP) in the cases with glottic cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis has been carried out in 36 cases with glottic cancer. All cases treated in our hospital with supracricoid laryngectomy with CHEP. Results All 36 cases kept the normal airway, swallowing and speech. Conclusion CHEP is a useful technique for laryngeal cancer, particularly for glottic cancer.

Objective To detect the levels of procalcitonin,blood routine,C-reactive protein of children with bronchopneumonia,to analyze the clinical value combined with the age and to provide the experimental basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods 100 children with bronchial pneumonia were selected.According to admission number,they were randomly divided into the study group and the control group,50 cases in each group.The control group received routine diagnosis and treatment.The study group was deteced blood calcitonin,blood routine,C-reactive protein level and diagnosed and treated combined with the age.The clinical curative effect,recovery time were observed.The referral rate,children fever,cough,X-ray pulmonary inflammation disappeared time,the average recovery time,and medical expenses were assessed and recorded.Results The cure rate of the study group was 80.0%(40/50),which was higher than 66.6%(33/50) of the control group,the referral rate of the study group was 6.0%(3/50),which was lower than 22.0%(11/50) of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =8.61,8.95,all P<0.05).The medical expense of the study group was (3 273.15 ±260.35)yuan,which was lower than (5 426.42 ±238.20)yuan of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t=11.47,P<0.05).The average recovery time of the fever,cough,X-ray pulmonary inflammation in the study group were (3.29 ± 0.48)d,(5.36 ±0.63) d,(4.17 ±0.57) d,(6.48 ±0.86) d,which were shorter than those of the control group [(4.51 ±0.41)d,(6.70 ±0.52)d,(5.84 ±0.61)d,(7.79 ±0.93)d],the differences were statistically significant (t=8.50,8.69,8.27,9.04,all P<0.05).Conclusion In basic hospitals,detection blood PCT,blood levels of C-reactive protein of children with bronchial pneumonia and combined with the age for diagnosis and treatment, the clinical curative effect is better, the improvement time of the clinical signs or symptoms is shortened, referral rate decreased,medical costs declined.It is worth popularization and application in the basic level hospital.

Medical equipment is playing an important role in medical treatment, teaching and scientific research, especially in how to improve the utilization rate of large and middle medical equipment to ensure the safety and integrity of medical equipment in the clinical operation, and this is a very significant job. Through the operation of large and middle medical equipment to conduct analysis, comparison and statistics, it can be found the issue and adjusts timely to improve the medical equipment management of the technological level and economic benefits.

Objective To examine the heating capability of thermoseeds in isolated hepatic tissues.Methods Isolated hepatic tissues were heated uniformly to 37 ℃,meanwhile the thermoseeds and thermocouples were planted using a template paralleling with the magnetic line.Afterwards,the tissues were treated in an extracorporeal magnetic field of 120-123 gauss at a frequency of 113-116 kHz for 30 minutes.At the meantime,the temperature was recorded by a computer through thermocouples. Results The temperature of the tissues raised markedly with a largest change of 14 ℃.The heating area became hard and showed a gradual change of color(white-yellow-brown).The final temperature was negatively correlated with distance when using same number of the thermoseeds(r=-0.96017 to-0.99767,P=0.0023 to 0.0398),and positively correlated with the number of thermoseeds when measuring at a same point(r=0.93775 to 0.99270,P=0.0007 to 0.0185)except for the center group(r=0.93936,P=0.0606).Conclusions Thermoseeds inductive heating technology can achieve an appropriate temperature in isolated hepatic tissues.In certain extent,the temperature increase the number of thermoseeds and heating distance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical feasibility of treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst by endoscopy. We reported here one case of large pancreatic psuedocyst that was treated by endoscopic ultrasonography guided cystogastrostomy.The patient's symptoms resolved on the same day of operation. And one week later, the pancreatic pseudocyst decreased by more than 50% in size. Pancreatic psuedocyst resolved and didn't relapse after 6 months. So endoscopic ultrasonography guided cystogastrostomy is a safe, reliable, effective therapy for pancreatic pseudocyst with few complications.

Objective To compare the influence of different end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane on transcranial electrical four-limb muscle motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱpatients aged 23-62 years undergoing craniotomy were enrolled. Triangular muscle, biceps brachii muscle, triceps brachii muscle, brachioradialis muscle, extensor digitorum communis muscle, abductor pollicis brevis abductor digiti minimi muscle, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius muscle and abductor hallucis were selected for MEPs recording. Sevoflurane was introduced at 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and then 1.3 MAC (15 min each), and the effects on MEPs were studied. Results ①Maximum MEP amplitude was observed at abductor pollicis brevis muscle in upper limb and abductor hallucis muscle in lower limb at baseline and 0.5 MAC. Up to 1.0 MAC, there was no significant difference in MEP amplitude among extensor digitorum communis muscle, abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscle. ②The success rate of MEP recording from abductor pollicis brevis muscle and abductor hallucis muscle was 100% during the administration of 0.5-1.0 MAC sevoflurane. ③The MEP amplitude was decreased and the latency was increased in a sevoflurane dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Abductor pollicis brevis muscle and abductor hallucis muscle were suitable for MEP monitoring during the administration of 0.5-1.0 MAC sevoflurane.

AIM: To investigate the effects of early application of thymosin peptide alpha 1 on lymphocyte subsets after operation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Forty-six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were randomly divided into control and treatment groups for this study. Thymosin α1 at dose of 1.6 mg was injected subcutaneously on day 1, 3, and 5 after operation in treatment group. The percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in both groups were counted before operation and on day 1, 4, and 7 after hepatectomy. RESULTS: CD4+ cell population and CD4+/CD8+ ratio decreased, but CD8+ increased after operation in control group (P<0 05). In thymosin peptide alpha 1 treatment group, there was no statistical difference in the percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ before and after operation. In addition, thymosin α1 significantly increased CD4+ cell population and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P<0 05). CONCLUSION: Operation suppresses the immune function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Thymosin α1 increases CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in patients after operation.