With the method of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and Color scale ultrasound, 156 patients with stomach and gallbladder diseases were examined, The features revealed by the EUS and color scale ultrasound for these diseases were compared with the pathological changes. The findings were that:the mean color quantity scale of benign gastric ulcer was higher than that of gastric cancer(p<0.01).The gallbladder stone was two color quantity scales higher than did polypoid lesions of gallbtadder(p<0.01).The color scale ultrasound can improve the clear degree of lesion pictures.The correct rates of diagnosis were no significant differences between color scale ultrasound and grev scale ultrasound.

The differential diagnosis of pancreatic head mass has been clinical difficulties.Endoscopic ultrasonography is now recognized as one of the sensitive and effective methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.This paper discusses the diagnostic performance of endo-scopic ultrasonography for various common types of pancreatic head mass,as well as the radiological features of this disease,reviews the di-agnostic value and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration for pancreatic head mass,and briefly introduces the advances in the application of additional new techniques of endoscopic ultrasonography for this disease.Finally,it is pointed out that endo-scopic ultrasonography has a high diagnostic value for pancreatic head mass.

With the development of endoscopic techniques,the recent emergence of additional techniques of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) have provided a novel means for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors,which has received more and more attention and recogni-tion from around the world.This article reviews the progress in additional new techniques of EUS in the treatment of common pancreatic tumors.Finally,we can conclude that the additional techniques of EUS have high therapeutic values for pancreatic tumors.

In order to evaluate the use of transendoscopic miniature ultrasonic probe (TEMP) in the diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumor, 18 patients were investigated. The results obtained by TEMP were compared with those of gastroscopy, and endoscopical ultrasonography (EVS). The result showed that among those 18 patients, gastric submucosal leiomyomas, were common and accounted for 88.9％. Most of them were intramural. The diagnostic accuracy of TEMP for the size of tumor and gastric submucosal tumor was 88.9％ and 100％ respectively. Which were much higher than those of gastroscopy (33.3％ and 61.1％ respectively). The sonogrophic characteristics of gastric submucosal tumors in TEMP imaging were related to the nature of the tumors, hut the common manifestations were that all the tumors were hypoechoic under the hyperechoic mucosal layer with clear bell shaped origin, and usually appeared as round or nearly round intragastric eminence. It is concluded that the selective use of TEMP has great value in the diagnosis of gastric submucosal turmor, especially for those lesions which were small and difficult to be detected by EUS.

70 patients with gastric carcinoma were studied by EUS prior to surgery. The results were correlated with the histology of resected specimens according to the new TNM classification. EUS was accurate in assessing the depth of tumor infiltration, the overall accuracy of EUS was 74.3%. The cancerous ulcer and obstruction are the main causes of over- and understaging, respectively. EUS was relatively accurate in the assessment of lymph node metastasis, the overall accuracy was 57.1%. However, negative-predictive rate is lower, about 42.9%. It is difficult to distinguish between inflammatory and metastatic lymph nodes. EUS was not reliable in diagnosing distant metastasis, due to its limited depth of penetration. In our experience, in staging the gastric carcinoma, greater accuracy would be achieved if we use EUS for T and N factors, and CT for M factor.

Objective To investigate the value of endoscopic ultrasonography ( EUS) in diagnosing pancreatic pseudocyst. Methods EUS was performed in 35 cases with pancreatic pseudocyst. Results Of the series, 41 cysts found in the head, body, tail and both body and tail of the pancreas were 13 , 3 , 19 and 6 respectively. The cystic wall was smooth in 29 cysts and rough in 6; good signal in cystic fluid 19, floccu-lar echo 16, cystic septum 1 and calcification of cyst wall 1, associated ductus pancreaticus expansion in 7, pancreas parenchyma uneven echo in 21, pancreas parenchyma calcification in 4, pancreas atrophy in 2, pancreas carcinoma in 2 , and normal pancreas in 6, protuberances impression on gastrointestinal tract 5 ( duodenal descending part obstruction, n = 1 ) stomach varicose vein in fundus 4 and digestive tract hemorrhage 2. Conclusion EUS may clearly show cyst's size, position, configuration and relation with the pancreas, also EUS guided FNA can be performed, so it has significance in diagnosing and distinguishing pancreatic pseudocyst.

The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical feasibility of treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst by endoscopy. We reported here one case of large pancreatic psuedocyst that was treated by endoscopic ultrasonography guided cystogastrostomy.The patient's symptoms resolved on the same day of operation. And one week later, the pancreatic pseudocyst decreased by more than 50% in size. Pancreatic psuedocyst resolved and didn't relapse after 6 months. So endoscopic ultrasonography guided cystogastrostomy is a safe, reliable, effective therapy for pancreatic pseudocyst with few complications.

Objective: To understand the level and trend of health literacy among residents in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for developing promotion strategies and interventions of health literacy. Methods: Permanent residents aged 15 to 69 years in Zhoushan City were selected as the survey subjects using a multi-stage stratified random sampling combined with population-size proportional sampling method. The residents' health literacy was investigated using the Questionnaire on the Health Literacy among Chinese Residents, and standardized by Zhoushan City population data captured from the national population census in China. The absolute increase and growth rate of health literacy level from 2015 to 2023 were calculated to investigate the changing trends in health literacy levels. Results: A total of 19 296 residents were monitored from 2015 to 2023, including 8 006 men (41.49%) and 11 290 women (58.51%), and had a mean age of (50.06±12.67) years. The health literacy levels among residents in Zhoushan City from 2015 to 2023 were 13.10%, 18.33%, 20.35%, 23.71%, 27.58%, 30.75%, 34.36%, 37.03% and 39.47%, respectively, showing an upward trend (P<0.05), with an average annual growth rate of 2.93%. The 9-year absolute increase rates of 26.37%, and the growth rate reached 201.30%. The health literacy levels of basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behaviors and basic skills all appeared increasing trends (all P<0.05), and the 9-year absolute increase and growth rate of the basic skills were the smallest (7.64% and 34.60%). The health literacy levels of six categories of health issues all showed upward trends (all P<0.05). The health literacy levels of residents in different regions and genders showed upward trends (both P<0.05). Except for the age of 65 to 69 years, the health literacy levels among all the other age groups showed upward trends (all P<0.05). There was no significant changing trend in the health literacy level among illiterate/semi-literate residents (P>0.05), the health literacy level among residents with primary school education showed a downward trend (P<0.05), while the health literacy levels of residents with other educational levels all showed upward trends (all P<0.05). There was no significant changing trend in the health literacy level among farmers (P>0.05), while the health literacy levels among residents with other occupations showed upward trends (all P<0.05). Conclusions The health literacy level among residents in Zhoushan City steadily increased from 2015 to 2023. Health education and promotion efforts have been targeted at key populations of the elderly aged over 65 years, residents with a primary school education or below and farmers.

Objective Clinical features of primary biliary cirrhrosis(PBC) were reviewed in order to improve its diagnosis and treatment. Method The general conditions, clinical manifestations, biochemical and immunological changes, and pathological findings were assessed in 31 patients. Result Twenty five cases were females, the mean age at definite diagnosis was (49.2?10.7)years. Jaundice(74.2%) was the most frequent symptoms, pruritus (51.6%) and fatigues (32.3%)were the second and thrid, respectively. Three patients (9.7%)were complicated by ascites. Serum alkline phosphatase (ALP) , glutamyl transpeptidase (? GT) and bilirubin levels were markedly elevated ((388.9?277.5)U/L, (381.6?213.2)U/L and( 176.4 ?176.1)?mol/ L, respectively).ALT and AST levels were mildly or moderately elevated ((79.7?46.3) U/L and(119.8?61.2)U/L, respectively),mean level of IgM was also elevated to (3.0?1.9)g/L. 92% (23/25) of patients had positive anti mitochondrial antibody(AMA). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDSA) was efficitive in 61.3% of patients. Conclusions PBC most frequently affects middle aged women. The elevated level of ALP, ? GT and IgM and AMA positive may be crucial to diagnosis of PBC. Liver biopsy can help to identify the diagnosis and carry on pathological staging.

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer and the effect of down-regulation miR-101 on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell line ASPC1. Methods Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer, adjacent tissues and pancreatic cancer cell line ASPC-1. The miR-101 over-expression vector (peGFPc1-miR-101) was constructed and was transfected into ASPC-1 cell. Transfection efficiency was measured by fluorescence microscope. The expression of miR101in the transfected cells was detected by real-time PCR. Cell viability analysis was performed by MTT. The targeted genes of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer were scanned by the online targeted gene prediction software (target Scan). Results The expression of miR-101 was in pancreatic cancer tissues, adjacent tissues and ASPC-1 cell line, respectively. The expressions in pancreatic cancer tissues and ASPC-1 cells were significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The expression of miR 101 in transfected cells increased to 19.8 folds as much as that in the control group (P ＜0.01 ). Proliferation rate of transfected cells was significantly decreased, which was only 26% of primary cells ( P ＜ 0.01 ). EZH2 was the potential targeted gene of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer. Conclusions miR-101 was weakly expressed and it may affect the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell by inhibiting the EZH2 expression.