Objective To observe the effects of Uremic Clearance Granule combined with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in treating different period of diabetic nephropathy (DN ) .Methods 46 patients with DN were divided into the control group and the treatment group ,23 cases in each group .The two groups were given the rou-tine hypoglycemic therapy .The control group was treated with ACEI or ARB ,while the treatment group was given Uremic Clear-ance Granule 5 g each time ,four times daily for successive 4 weeks .Then the indexes of serum creatinine ,blood urea nitrogen ,cysta-tin-C ,microalbumin and 24 h urine total protein at 24 h before and after treatment were observed .Results The microalbumin and 24 h urine total protein after treatment in the two groups were reduced compared with before treatment (P<0 .01) .In the patients with the stage Ⅲ of DN ,the urine protein decrease after treatment had no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0 .05) . In the patients with the stage Ⅳ of DN ,on the basis of ACEI or ARB adding Uremic Clearance Granule could significantly decrease the urine protein(P<0 .05) .Conclusion ACEI or ARB combined with Uremic Clearance Granule has definite effect for treating massive proteinuria of DN .

Objective To observe the characteristics of obesity in rats with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to study the role of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK in the production of adipose tissues. Methods The metabolic parameters, weight of adipose tissue, waist circumference (WC), Lee's index, distribution area of adipocytes and the number of big adipocytes in the rats were measured. Adipose tissues and liver were histopathologically observed. ERK1/2 and p38MAPK of adipose tissue were determined using Western blot. Results (1) The blood pressure, fasting insulin level, LDL-C, TG and FFA in rats with MS were markedly higher than that in control rats (P

Objective To certify insuline resistance in nonobese patients with essential hypertension(EH) and observe effect of imidapril.Methods An oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and insulin releasing test(IRT) were performed on 40 nonobese EH patients before and after imidapril treatment,the plasma levels of glucose and insulin were tested and compared with those of 16 normal subjects.Results The insuline level of fasting or 30,60,120 min after OGTT were significantly higher than those in normal group(P

Objective To reproduce a rat model of metabolic syndrome (MS) to analyze the variations of related gene expression. Methods 30 male rats aged 8w were randomly divided into two groups, the rats in NC group (control) were fed with normal diet (10% fat and 0.5% salt ), and those in metabolic syndrome (MS) group with high fat diet (49% fat and 2% salt). The body weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid and fasting insulin level were serially measured. Such feedings were continued for 24 weeks, and then the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and hyperinsuline-euglycemic gomphosis test were performed, and carotid arterial pressure and visceral fat were measured. RT-PCR was used to detect the genes related to energy consumption, glucose-lipid metabolism in white adipose, brown adipose and muscle tissue. Results Compared with NC group, all the variables were increased significantly, such as body weight, visceral fat weight, blood pressure, serum levels of TG and FFA. A marked insulin-resistance and decreased glucose tolerance were found in MS group. Hyperinsuline-euglycemic gomphosis test revealed that the mRNA expression of 23 genes related to glucose-lipid and energy metabolism changed significantly in white adipose, brown adipose and muscle tissue in MS group as compared with NC group. Conclusion Prolonged high fat plus high salt diet may cause the clinical features of MS in rats. The changes in various genes may be involved in the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis.

Objective To evaluate the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of the patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) by CVD predictive models. Methods The CVD risk of MS patients (n=637) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)(n=259) were assessed by Framingham and ischemia CVD (ICVD) predictive models. The technique of myocardial nuclide development (MCND) was used on 121 MS patients to confirm the evaluation. Results The CVD risk of MS patients was significantly higher than that of T2DM. The proportion of CVD risk ≥ 5% in MS group was significantly higher than that in T2DM group. An elevated tendency of the proportion of CVD risk ≥ 10% appeared followed the age increasing in both MS and T2DM groups. The proportion of CVD risk ≥ 5% in male patients was higher than that in females assessed by Framingham predictive model, while an opposite result was given by ICVD predictive model. The MCND findings showed that, the more the increasing of CVD risk evaluated by Framingham predictive model,the severer the myocardial ischemia was. Conclusions The CVD risk of patients with MS is significantly higher than that of T2DM assessed by the both models. Framingham model is more susceptible to predicate CHD in MS patients than ICVD model.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the distribution of visceral adipose and cardiovascular damage in the patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods 108 in-patients were categorized according to the diseases, they were suffering from into metabolic syndrome group (MS, 70 cases), essential hypertension group (EH, 22 cases), and type 2 diabetes mellitus group (T2DM, 16 cases). The areas of both visceral adipose (VA) and subcutaneous adipose (SA) were measured for all the three groups, and then VA/SA was calculated. The relationship of the above variables with left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM-index (LVMI) intima-medial thickness (IMT) of carotid artery, and myocardial ischemia was analysed. Results Compared with T2DM and EH groups, the area with VA was significantly larger in MS group (P

The improvement of diagnostics teaching system,including the establishment of curriculum system and evaluation system,is the base of promoting clinical- medicine teaching.Our study showed that the theoretical knowledge and clinical skill of medical students could be improved by constructing clinical diagnostics curriculum system and improving organization management and assessment system,which could pave the way for the transition from medical students to clinicians.

Objective To observe the effect of atorvastatin on intraabdominal fat and microalbuminuria (MAU) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods Forty-four MS patients were divided into the atorvastatin group and the control group. Blood pressure and blood glucose were controlled in both groups, in addition, atorvastatin was administered to the patients in the atorvastatin group. Blood pressure, blood glucose, body weight, abdominal wall fat, intraabdominal fat and MAU were compared before and after 12 weeks’ treatment. Results Obvious decrease of the intraabdominal fat and MAU was found in the atorvastatin group compared with those before the treatment Intraabdominal fat: non-ACE1/ARB (41.76?3.61) mm vs (33.23?2.47) mm, P

The effect of interventional therapy combined with multifactorial intervention on critical limb ischemia in patients with diabetes mellitus was investigated. The patency rate and limb salvage rate were followed up. Interventional therapy is effective in treating diabetic foot with critical limb ischemia. Multifactorial intervention was helpful for reducing amputation.

Objective To study the long-term effect of administration(6 months) with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) agonist capsaicin on contractile reactivity of thoracic aorta in C57BL/6J mice.Methods Tow-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were received normal diet group(n=12) or capsaicin group(normal diet plus capsaicin,n=12).Tail-cuff systolic blood pressure(SBP) was examined at the baseline and at the end of the intervention.After 6-month treatment period,carotid artery blood pressure and heart rate were determined by catheterization,and the aortic contractile response was examined using isometric myograph(Danish Myotech Technology,Denmark).Plasma levels of renin,angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) and aldosterone were determined.Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) were obtained from thoracic aorta of mice and cultured.Angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R) protein expression was detected by western blot.Calcium imaging was detected in cultured VSMC using the fluorescent dye technique.Results Systolic blood pressure,invasive carotid artery blood pressure and heart rate have no difference between two groups.No differences was found in PE-induced contraction response in thoracic aorta;while Ang Ⅱ induced contractility of aortic ring was lower in mice with capsaicin than control group [capsaicin:(37.5?1.6)% vs(59.8?1.4)%,P