Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary ureteral cancer. Methods Thirty-six cases of primary ureteral cancer ascertained by pathological studies were reviewed.There were 22 men and 14 women with the mean age of 63 years.All patients underwent operation. Results Thirty-four cases (94%) were followed up for 6 to 180 months.Among them,6 died of metastasis,6 died of other diseases and 22 survived.Local recurrence in ureter or bladder occured in 3 patients 1～5 years after partial ureterectomy. Conclusions Nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff resection is the best treatment for primary carcinoma of ureter.Ureterectomy and bladder cuff resection should be carried out prior to nephrectomy for the lower segment ureteral carcinoma in order to lessen carcinoma cell transplantation in bladder.

Through several murine transplantable tumor models, we studied the immunoprotective effect and mechanism of action of specific active immunization with various tumor cell vaccines (TCV) treated by: (1) Oleum Curcuma Aromatica (OCA, a Chinese anticancer medicament) and its effective monomer ?-elemene; (2) MMC and glutaraldehyde; (3) ~(60)Co and X-ray irradiation; and (4) vaccinia virus (VV) and newcastle disease virus (NDV), including virus infected TCV membrane fraction (Mfr). The reproducible results of immunoprotective effect indicated that the specific active immunotherapy with such TCVs might be of practical value in clinical immunological approaches to cancer therapeutics.

BACKGROUND:Abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis during aging has been reported to result in learning and memory dysfunction. But its mechanism is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To understand the changes of mouse neurogenesis in the hippocampal subgranular zone during aging.
METHODS:C57BL/6 mice 2, 6 and 20 months of age were used. Immunochemistry was used to count the number of neural stem cels (nestin+), neuroblasts (Doublecortin+, DCX+), and proliferative cels (proliferating cel nuclear antigen+, PCNA+) in the hippocampal subgranular zone. mRNA expressions of aging-related genes, p19Arf and p21Cip1/Waf1, in the hippocampus were detected by reverse transcription-PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the young and middle age groups, the number of PCNA+ cels, nestin+ and DCX+ cels in the hippocampal subgranular zone of the aged group decreased dramaticaly; the expression of p19Arf and p21Cip1/Waf1 mRNA increased in the aged group. Proliferation activity, the number of neural stem cels and neuronal differentiation al decreased. These findings indicate that the decline of hippocampal neurogenesis may be associated with increased expression of aging-related genes p19Arf and p21Cip1/Waf1 in the p19Arf-Mdm2-p53-p21Cip1/Waf1pathway.

Objective To study the application effect of antiskid steel plate internal fixation via exposing lateral and posterior ankle fracture through fibula posterolateral approach in the treatment of Lauge-Hansen supination-eversion ankle fracture.Methods From January 2009 to December 2012,exposed the lateral and posterior ankle fracture through fibula posterolateral approach of 36 patients suffering from the Lauge-Hansen supination-eversion ankle fracture,and fixed the lateral and posterior ankle by the antiskid steel plate.Adopt Olerud-Molander ankle function scoring system to evaluate the postoperative effect of the ankle.Results All the patients were followed up for 7-27 months,with an average follow-up of 19 months.There was no complications such as incision infection and cutaneous necrosis.Only 1 patient occurred with peroneus myotenositis,and the symptom was relieved after taking out the steel plate.The fracture was healed within 16 weeks.Among the 36 cases,22 cases were excellent,9 cases were good,4 cases were medium and 1 case was poor.The fine rate was 86.1％(31/36).Conclusion Using the antiskid steel plate to treat the lateral and posterior ankle fracture through fibula posterolateral approach,can fully expose a single incision,fix the lateral and posterior ankle and reduce the tension in suture,improve the incision healing rate and fracture stability,provide a new method for treating ankle fracture.

Objective To investigate the effects of the treatment of open injury and orthopedic postoperative wound infections with Vacuum Sealing Drainage.Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical results of 32 patients with open injury or orthopedic postoperative wound infections in our hospital.Results Follow the indications and contraindications strictly and ensure right pressure,all the infection of wounds was controlled,and split skin graft survived.Without the package and pressurized fixation,the wounds healed better.Conclusion Vacuum Sealing Drainage can be considered one of the effective methods to treat the open injury or orthopedic postoperative wound infections and is worthy to be carried out as a routine.For patients with vascular rupture or defect,when there was still skin defects after vascular graft repair,as long as covered vascular anastomosis with the surrounding skin and soft tissue during the operation,there was still can use closed vacuum sealing drainage to cover the wound to prevent infection.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and treatments of pituitary abscess.Method The clinical data of 6 patients with pituitary abscess were examed along with a review of the literature.Results Of 6 patients,headache was presented in 5 patients,hypopituitarism in 4 patients,visual disturbance and/or bitemporal hemianopsia in 4 patients and fever in 1 patient.MRI and CT images showed a cystic sellar lesion with ring enhancement in 5 patients.Preoperative diagnosis of pituitary abscess was made in 2 patients,pituitary adenomas in 3 patients and craniopharyngiomas in 1 patient.All cases were treated surgically by transsphenoidal approach in 5 patients and transscranial in 1 patient.Followed with postoperative antibiotics therapy for 3 weeks,the symptoms were improved postoperatively in all cases.Followed up 8 months to 10 years,1 patient who underwent craniotomy recurred and wag cured by via transsphenoidal surgery.Conclusions The pituitary abscess is easily misdiagnosed.The cystic pituitary lesion should be considered the possibility of pituitary abscess.Transsphenoidal surgery and proper perioperative antibiotics therapy are the keys to the treatment of pituitary abscess.

Objective To investigate and evaluate the clinical value of full endoscopic transnasal transphenoidal approach for the surgery of pituitary adenomas.Methods Seventy-two patients,who underwent full endoscopic transnasal transphenoidal approach for the surgery of pituitary adenomas,were selected from the Medical Center of Pituitary Adenomas of our hospital from January 2009 to March 2012.To retrospectively investigate pre- and post-operation symptoms,hormone levels,images information,operation information,complications,following-up information and so on.Results Among the 72 consecutive patients,there were 22 nonfunctioning adenomas,twenty-four prolactin secreting adenomas,seven somatotropin secreting adenomas,five adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting adenomas,one thyrotropin secreting adenomas,and 13 multi-secreting adenomas.The tumor removal was total in 56(77.8％),subtotal 13(18.0％),and partial 3(4.2％).Five cases had CSF leaks,and 6 diabetes insipidus.After 3-24 months of follow-up,the levels of increasing-hormone declined to normal levels in most patients.Conclusion Full endoscopic transnasal transphenoidal approach for the surgery of pituitary adenomas is a kind of technique which is safe,minimally invasive,having less complications and fast recovery.However,it is necessary for surgeons to accept systematic and specialized training,and own advanced equipments.

BACKGROUNDBased on the earlier mapping of the epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody, the authors directly replaced binding domain of IFN in AB-loop for enhancement of biological activity.

METHODSTwo unique restriction sites (EcoR? and BsE?) were created into region flanking LoopAB. Casette mutagesis, restriction enzyme digestion, DNA sequencing, antiviral activity assay and antiproliferative activity assay have been used in the project.

RESULTSThe mutated residues M31?D,D32?P of LoopAB in parent IFN were produced. The recombinant phagemid pCANTAB5E/3132IFN 1c/86D and expression plasmid PBV322-132IFN 1c/86D were constructed respectively by replacing the corresponding LoopAB with DNA fragment mutated in the residues M31?D,D32?P, which have been confirmed. The recombinant protein has been expressed in E.coli JM103. The crude 3132IFN 1c/86D has been assayed on human WISH cells challenged with VSV and on HeLa cells by colorimetric MTT. 3132IFN 1c/86D showed 8-old antiviral activity compared to that of parent IFN 1c/86D, while IFN?induced growth inhibition of both types had no difference.

CONCLUSIONSThe authors concluded that a mutant IFN with enhanced antiviral activity can be obtained via a targeted replacement of receptor binding domain in AB-loop.

Amino Acid Substitution ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Interferon Type I ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Interferon-alpha ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Receptors, Interferon ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins

Objective To investigate the significance of computed tomography(CT)and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)for esophageal carcinoma. Methods Thirty-five patients newly diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma who received radical radiotherapy in our hospital from November 2013 to April 2015 were enrolled as subjects. Target volume was delineated on the CT images and MRI images(T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted fusion images). The MRI-and CT-based IMRT plans were designed using the same dose prescription and dose constraints for organs at risk(OAR). The target volume,prescribed dose,and doses for OAR were compared between the two plans. Results In the two plans, dose distribution and planning parameters met the clinical requirement. The length of lesion,gross tumor volume (GTV),and planning target volume(PTV)defined by 3.0 T MRI were significantly smaller than those defined by CT(P=0.00,0.03,0.03). There were no significant differences in the D 2%,D 98%,D 50%,homogeneity index,or conformity index for primary GTV(PGTV)and PTV-PGTV between the two plans(all P>0.05). Compared with the CT-based plan,the 3.0 T MRI-based plan had a significantly smaller mean dose to the lungs and an insignificantly smaller actual dose to the lungs(P=0.00;P>0.05).There were no significant differences in maximum doses tolerated by the spinal cord or heart between the two plans. Conclusions In terms of target volume delineation and dosimetric parameters, both CT-and 3.0 T MRI-based plans meet the clinical requirement. The 3.0 T MRI-based plan may provide potential benefits for some OAR due to a smaller target volume compared with the CT-based plan.

Objective:To propose a deep learning network model 2D-PE-GAN to automatically delineate the target area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and improve the efficiency of target area delineation.Methods:The model adopted the architecture of generative adversarial networks which used a UNet similar structure as the generator, and 2D-PE-block was added after each layer of convolution operation of the generator to improve the accuracy of delineation. The experimental data included CT images from 130 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The images were preprocessed before model training. In addition, three models of UNet, GAN, and GAN with an attention mechanism were compared, and Dice similarity coefficient, Hausdorff distance, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient, Jaccard distance were employed to evaluate network performance.Results:Compared with UNet, GAN and GAN with the attention mechanism, the average Dice similarity coefficient of 2D-PE-GAN network segmentation of CTV was increased by 26%, 4% and 2%. The average Dice similarity coefficient of GTV segmentation was increased by 21%, 4%, 2%, respectively. Compared with the GAN network with the attention mechanism, the parameters and time of 2D-PE-GAN were reduced by 0.16% and 18%, respectively.Conclusions:Compared with the above three networks, 2D-PE-GAN network can increase the segmentation accuracy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma target area delineation. At the same time, compared with the attention mechanism with similar reasons, 2D-PE-GAN network can reduce the occupation of computing resources when the segmentation accuracy is not much different.