Objective To pursue the appropriate selection of radiographic examinations of low back pain and to reduce the expenses. Method In this study,61 cases of imaging tests were studied,including 38 cases of lumbar disc herniation,10 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis,4 lumbar stenosis,4 lumbar infection and 5 lumbar neoplasm. Result Correct diagnosis was based on the clinical signs and symptoms.Imaging findings had its value only when basing on them.Conventional roentgenogram offered a cheap evaluation and high spatial resolution of bony structures.And it could give a clue to take further imaging studies.Low back disorders could be inferred from the contrast column defect of dura sac and nerve root sheath in the myelography.In the diagnosis of disc herniation,its limitations existed at far lacteral and L5S1 disc herniation.Computed tomography,a cross-sectional imaging modality,allows direct visualization of the bony structure of the spine.But routine imaging could only cover a limited number of levers.Another limitation was the difficulty in distinguishing the soft tissue changes in the spinal canal with the similar CT values.CT-myelography was performed to delineate more clearly the bony and soft tissue anatomy,and could determine whether lesions were medullary,intradual or extradual in location.MR imaging provided the larger anatomic region in multiple planes with high spatial resolution of soft tissue.One limitation of MR imaging was relatively low spatial resolution of bony structure. Conclusion Of all imaging studies conventional roentgenogram is the most important and the most fundamental.It could not be substituted by myelography,CT,CT-myelography,and MR imaging,which have their designated own roles respectively in the clinical decision-making process and in general were more complementary than competitive.

Objective To summarize the experience in CAD / CAM custom-made hemipelvic prosthesis and its application in 8 patients. Methods The exact model of pelvis was generated with its CT data by Rapid Prototyping Technique (RPT). Simulated bone resection and prosthesis design were performed on the models. The prosthesis should be fixed simultaneously on the contralateral pubic ramus (or the remainder of pubis), the joint facet of sacrum (or the remainder of ilium) and on the remained ischium if part of it could be preserved. When prosthesis was put in place, the acetabular component should be symmetric with the contralateral acetabulum in terms of the height, lateral distance and abduction angle, after it's fixation on the remained pelvis with cancellous screws, bolts and hooks, conventional total hip implants with cemented acetabular and cementless femoral prothesis were implanted. 8 patients underwent this kind of procedure, of them 7 suffered from large pelvic tumor, including 2 chondrosarcoma, 3 giant cell tumors, 1 cartilaginous fibrodysplasia and 1 metastasis. One patient received this procedure for severe osteolysis after THA. Tumor artery embolization was done in 6 of them 24-48 h before operation. Results Blood transfusion was 4971 ml in average. The implantation of prosthesis was easily accessible. One suffered from remained sinus, and healed after myocutaneous flap transferring. All patients began non-weight bearing walk with double crutches 6 weeks after operation and gradually abandoned crutches in 3 months. One patient with chondrosarcoma died of lung metastasis 9 months after operation. No loosening was found during the 1 to 4 years (2.5 years in average) follow-up of the 7 cases. The position of bilateral hips was symmetric. They all recovered to self-care. Two of them returned to work 7 and 8 months after operation respectively. One local recurrence happened and was resected again. Conclusion The custom-made hemipelvic prosthesis generated with RPT and CAD/CAM can improve the prosthesis fixation, ensure the exact orientation of acetabular component and make the operation easy.

Objective To explore the cytological mechanism of bi ological reaction of prosthetic loosening mediated by wear particles from joint prosthesis. Methods Three special particles of UHMWPE, Ti- 6Al-4V and Co-Cr-Mo with the same average size of 2.5 ?m were injected respe ctively into rabbit knee joint to induce synovitis, in which the changes of syno vial cells and its cytoplasm as well as ultrastructure were observed by transmis sion electron microscopy. Results Three kinds of particles mainly induced type A synovial cell reaction with proliferation of subsynovial h istocytes. Wear particles and lysosomes existed in the cytoplasms of the synovia l cells and histocytes. Co-Cr-Mo particles could also accelerate infiltrating reaction of regional cytoplasms. Conclusions The biological effect of wear particles inducing prosthetic loosening is mainly non-immunolog ic inflammatory reaction. Certain immunologic factors may involve in biological reaction induced by Co-Cr-Mo wear particles.

Objective To explore the way of soft tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty for patient with flexion contracture. Methods A relevant protocol of soft tissue balance was designed and used in 33 TKA cases with knee flexion contracture of at least 20? (from 20? to 60? ). Tight medial collateral ligament or lateral collateral ligament was released firstly, followed by the release of posterior capsule. Osteotomy or a second osteotomy at tibial or femoral side were performed at final step. Results Twenty cases (60.6%) whose flexion deformities could be corrected solely by soft tissue release, the rest 13 (

Objective To propose measures to reconstruct the massive bone defect in acetabulum in revision hip arthroplasty on the basis of the experience in the cases treated by the authors. Methods Thirty- two hips of 33 hip revision cases with massive bone defect being operated on by the first author were summarized and analyzed. The patients included 17 males and 15 females, with the age of 40 to 90 years. 28 cases (29 hips) underwent revision for the first time, 2 cases (2 hips) for the second time,1 case (1 hip) for the third and the other 1 case (1 hip)for the fourth time. The primary surgery were artificial femoral head replacement in 8 cases (8 hips) and total hip replacement in 24 cases (25 hips). Except of 2 saddle protheses replacement, bone grafts, mainly cancellous bone grafts, were used in 31 hips, of which 22 hips were non- structural bone grafts and 9 hips were allografts of femoral head or autograft of ilium. After grafting, ready- made acetabular prostheses were implanted in 9 hips, while special prostheses were used in 24 hips, chiefly computer- aided custom- made acetabular prostheses, including winged prostheses, 2- layer metal mesh, acetabular reinforcing rings (ARR), bi- spherical prostheses, crested prostheses and saddle type prostheses. Results In the course of 0.5 to 11 years' follow- up, re- displacement or relapse of bone absorption was not found in any of the cases. The Harris hip function score rose to 54－ 89 from the pre- operative level of 17－ 48. The computer- aided custom- made acetabular prostheses could better meet the requirements of different conditions of disease, thereby reducing the difficulties of surgery. Conclusion Special prostheses have the advantages of better compatibility with the individual requirements, prevention of displacement or collapse of the bone graft and higher primary stability. The proper application of bone graft and choice of suitable prosthesis to achieve the reconstruction of acetabular fossa and the integrity of acetabular circumference will markedly improve the success rate of revision surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Methods From January 2010 to January 2013,40 patients with ACL ruptures who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with gracilis and semitendinosus tendon were randomly divided into two groups:PRP group and normal saline group.20 patients received graft soaked with PRP and hemocoagulase while 20 patients received graft soaked with normal saline and hemocoagulase.All patients were followed up in 1,3 and 12 months.Evaluation consisted of postoperative drainage volume,inflammatory reaction,grade of wound healed,anterior drawer test,Lachman test,pivot shift,Lysholm knee score and KNEELAX3.Results The average follow-up period was 18 months.Postoperative drainage volume was 142±24 ml in PRP group and 324±22 ml in saline group.The difference was statistically significant.At 4 days after the operation,no inflammatory reaction was observed in 18 cases of PRP group and in 16 cases of saline group,mid inflammatory reaction in 1 case of PRP group and 2 cases of sa line group,and moderate inflammatory reaction in 1 case of PRP group and 2 cases of saline group.Wound healed by first intention in 20 patients of PRP group and in 19 patients of saline group.The preoperative results of anterior drawer test,Lachman test and pivot shift were positive,while postoperative results were negative in both two groups.In PRP group,the preoperative and postoperative Lysholm knee scores of patients in 12 months were 39.8±8.9 and 92.1±2.7 points respectively.In saline group,the preoperative and postoperative Lysholm knee scores of patients in 12 months were 38.7±9.8 and 89.9±4.1points respectively.The differences were not statistically significant.KNEELAX3 measuring results:in PRP group,preoperative measurement was 9.4±1.2 mm in average,while measurement in 12 months postoperatively was 1.2±1.1 mm.In saline group,preoperative measurement was 9.6±1.3 mm,while measurement in 12 months postoperatively was 2.2±1.2 mm.The differences were statistically significant.Conclusion Using graft soaked with PRP in ACL reconstruction could reduce postoperative drainage volume,accelerate the healing of tendon-bone interface in the bone tunnel and the recovery of knee joint function.

Objective To investigate the effect of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel in arthroscopic rotator cuff re?pair. Methods All of 44 patients with rotator cuff tear undergent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were randomly divided into two groups:PRP group (22 patients were received autologous PRP and hemocoagulase) and normal saline (NS) group (22 patients were received NS and hemocoagulase). All patients had the same accelerated rehabilitation protocol and were followed up in 1, 3, 12 months. Evaluation consisted of inflammatory reaction, wound healed, visual analogue scores (VAS), University of California at An?geles (UCLA) Shoulder Scores and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Scores. Results After operation, no inflam?matory reaction was in 20 cases of PRP group and 19 cases of NS group, mid inflammatory reaction 1 case in PRP group and 2 cas?es in NS group, moderate inflammatory reaction 1 case in PRP group and 1 case in NS group. Wound healed by first intention in all of PRP group and 21 patients of NS group. In PRP group, the preoperative, 3 months and 12 months postoperative VAS were 6.6±2.0, 3.4±1.8, 1.8±1.3, UCLA were 15.2±2.9, 24.3±2.7, 32.4±2.1, ASES were 35.6±12.4, 63.4±10.4, 92.3±7.5. In NS group, the preoperative, 3 months and 12 months postoperative VAS were 6.7 ± 1.9, 4.6 ± 1.9, 2.0 ± 1.2, UCLA were 14.8 ± 3.0, 21.2 ± 2.5, 31.7 ± 2.3, ASES were 32.7 ± 13.8, 55.8 ± 11.8, 90.7 ± 8.1. Three months postoperative VAS, UCLA, ASES were statistically signifi?cant differenece in PRP group and NS group. Twelve months postoperative VAS, UCLA, ASES were not statistically significant dif?ferenece in the two groups. Conclusion Using autologous PRP gel in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair can speed up the healing of operation incision with no adverse effect, reduce pain in the postoperation three months, accelerate the rotator cuff repair and re?covery of the function of shoulder joint. It has good short?term clinical effect.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of melittin on apoptsis and necrosis of osteosarcoma cell line U2 OS in vitro. METHODS: Osteosarcoma cell line U2 OS was treated with melittin. The growth and proliferation was observed by MTT assay and cell counting, and the necrosis was estimated by Trypan blue staining. The cell apoptsis, Fas and Apo2. 7 expression were detected by cytometer. RESULTS: The data showed that melittin could inhibit the proliferation of U2 OS dose-dependently at 16 and 64 mg/L. Cell apoptsis was detected by cytometer, when the cells were treated by 16 mg/L and 32 mg/L of melittin respectively, and the percentages of Fas and Apo2. 7 positive cells were increased. CONCLUSION: Melittin inhibits the proliferation of osterosarcoma cell line through up-regulating Fas expression and inducing apoptsis.

BACKGROUND: The bone marrow stem cell (MSC) transplant treatment have the obvious superiority to tradition graft treatment for bone nonunion, but how to obtain the concentrated and highly effective bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, as well as the dose-effect relations to fracture healing need further discussions. OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of bone nonunion by using autologous MSC transplant treatment, and to compare with autologous iliac bone graft.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized controlled analysis was performed from January 1999 to June 2005 in the Affiliated Second Hospital of Hebei Northern College.PARTICIPANTS: The admitting 140 patients with humerus and tibia fracture were divided into 2 groups at random, autologous iliac bone graft group and autologous MSC transplant group, with 70 patients in each group. METHODS: Under aseptic condition, autologous MSC transplant group received puncture through posterior superior iliac spine, extracting bone marrow 10-20 mL from different spots, separating MSC using the density gradient centrifugation method, and counting as 4×10~9 nucleated cells/mL under the microscope for later use. In the autologous iliac bone graft group, bone fracture end was implanted with the suitable amount of iliac bone, while autologous MSC transplant group with the mixture of decalcified bone matrix and MSC, followed by suture. After the transplantation, external fixation may assist for 4-6 weeks according to the fixed degree of internal fixation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Bone callus formation and pain conditions in 2 groups at different time points after transplantation. ② Comparison of bone healing time between 2 groups. ③ Adverse events and side effects.RESULTS: According to intention-treatment analysis, experimental adopted 140 patients of humerus and tibia fractures, who all entered the final analysis. ① Bone callus formation and pain at different time points post-surgery: At 1 month after transplantation, bone callus formation in the fracture end was not obvious in autogenous iliac bone graft group, and could be seen in autologous MSC transplant group, both groups of fractures exhibited tenderness. At 2 months after transplantation, bone callus formation was observed in autogenous iliac bone graft group, fracture tenderness was relieved compared with the previous condition; in autologous MSC transplant group, a large number of bone callus formed, fracture tenderness was not obvious. At 3 months after transplantation, there were a large number of bone callus formations in autogenous iliac bone graft group, with slight fracture tenderness; in the autologous MSC transplant group, continuous bone callus formation appeared, without fracture tenderness. ② Bone healing time: The average healing time of autologous MSC transplant group was significantly shorter than autogenous iliac bone graft group [(5.5±1.5), (8.0±2.0) months, P < 0.05]. ③ Adverse events and side effects: Except 4 patients had iliac bone pain, all patients during the treatment had no infection and other complications, there were no re-fracture occurred at the follow-up of 8 months.CONCLUSION: The autologous MSC transplant treatment of exhibits a short duration and good effect for bone non-union, has obvious advantages over traditional bone graft.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for protrusio acetabuli. Methods Between 2003 to 2008, 31 patients(35 hips) with protrusio acetabuli were treated with THA, including 16 males (18 hips) and 15 females (17 hips). The age ranged from 36 to 71 years (average age 52.2 years). The femoral heads were moved out with retrograde method when necessary via posterior-lateral hip incision. The acetabular loops and bottoms were prepared respectively. Auto-bone grafting was used to repair acetabular defects and cementless prostheses were planted with press-fit skills. At follow-up visit,the hip functions were evaluated by Harris score. The loosening, re-protrusion and the union of graft bone was judged by X-ray. Results The mean follow-up was 46.5 months (19-152 months). One patient developed DVT on the second day post-operatively who recovered well after anticoagulation treatment. One patient complained of gentle thigh pain which disappeared at 6 months. No other complication was found. The mean Harris scores had improved from 48.9±6.5 pre-operatively to 91.2±5.7 post-operatively. All prostheses acquired bone stabilization with no sign of loosening and re-protrusion and the grafts bone were healed at a mean 6 months according to X-ray. Conclusion THA with acetabular bone grafting and cementless component for protrusio acetabuli have acquired excellent results and prevented loosening and re-protrusio effectively.