Objective:To figure out the clinical factors contributing to the oocytes utility rate (OUR) of high responders in in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer treatment.Methods:OUR was defined by the number of usable embryos for transfer and (or) cryopreservation divided by the number of oocytes retrieved in a freeze-all cycle. The cycles with ≥15 eggs were included from January 2013 to December 2019. Those with OUR at the top 10% (Group A) and the bottom 10% (Group B) were picked and compared for patients′ characteristics, parameters relating to ovary stimulation and pregnant outcomes. Multifactorial logistic regression was applied to reveal the risk factors affecting OUR in them.Results:A total of 43 patients were included in Group A (OUR: 77.4%, 601/776) and 47 for Group B (OUR: 11.9%, 104/874). Previous IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI; OR=0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.81) and endometriosis ( OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.03-0.84) were negative factors for OUR ( P<0.05); dual suppression protocol ( OR=3.74, 95% CI: 1.06-26.86) and longer days of stimulation ( OR=3.24, 95% CI: 1.25-8.42) were protective factors in terms of ovarian stimulation ( P<0.05), on contrary to that, any decline of estradiol during the stimulation led to poorer OUR ( OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.04-0.64). Although two groups had similar quantities of eggs and metaphase of meiosis Ⅱ (MⅡ) oocytes, distinguished cumulative clinical pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate were seen in Group A and group B respectively [95.3% (41/43) vs 40.4% (19/47) and 90.7% (39/43) vs 31.9% (15/47), all P<0.01]. Conclusions:High responders with attempted IVF/ICSI and endometriosis should be considered as risk factors for OUR. Over ovarian stimulation, dual suppression and a slightly longer stimulating duration could be tried; besides, estradiol decline should be prevented for a better OUR.

Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic responses to transsphenoidal surgery and medical therapy in terms of normalization of prolactin(PRL),mortality,morbidity and the cost-effectiveness of PRL normalization in order to establish an individualized therapeutic protocol for the patients with prolactinoma.Methods A retrospective study was undertaken of a consecutive series of patients with prolactinoma who were followed for at least 1 year after transsphenoidal surgery or medical treatment.The clinical characteristics and the long-term outcomes(normalization of PRL,morbidity or mortality)were assessed.Utilizing the principle of medical economics and data from the two types of treatment,we worked out a Markov chain and calculated the lowest cost of two kinds of therapeutic protocols.Results(1)The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in microadenoma was 85%(22/26),and that of medical treatment was 95%(19/20).There was no statistical difference between the two therapies(P＞0.05).The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in macroadenoma was45%(19/42),and that of medical treatment was 5/5.There was a statistical difierence between the two therapies(P＜0.05).(2)According to the Markov model,it would cost a microprolactinoma patient 25 129.25 yuan to normalize serum PRL by surgical treatment.This is comparable to the cost of medical treatment which would be 24 943.99 yuan.Whereas for a macroprolactinoma patient surgery would cost 35 208.20 yuan and medical treatment would cost 25 344.38 yuan.Conclusions Medical therapy is superior to surgical treatment in regard to complication rate and cost-effectiveness for macro-and extra big prolactinomas.Transsphenoidal surgery remains an option for patients with microadenomas.Markov model is an effective way to predict the treatment cost for patients with hyperprolactinoma at different ages and with different canses

OBJECTIVE To realize the situation of nosocomial infection and usage of antibiotic in order to prevent and control nosocomial infection effectively. METHODS According to the request of countrywide nosocomial infection net,using the method of clinic investigation and case history investigation,we have investigated the infection complexion about all patients in 19 May 2006 and 24 May 2007,including the duration,transferring department and dead case.Then to analyze the comparison between two results. RESULTS 3489 cases were investigated,including 186 infection cases.The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 5.33%.Five departments had the high prevalence rate of nosocomial infection.They were hematology department,ICU,pediatrics department,neonatal unit and cadre ward.The highest rate was 31.30%.The lowest was 0.The infection site focused on lower respiratory tract.The antibiotic utilizing rate was high. CONCLUSIONS Enhanceing the management of nosocomial infection in key departments,regulating the antibiotic utilizing,to reduce the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic efficacy and safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) combined Wenshen Xiaozheng Decoction (WXD) in auxiliary treating endometriosis after laparoscopy.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty-four endometriosis patients with confirmative pathological diagnosis were assigned to three groups depending on whether they would receive adjuvant therapy or Chinese medicine treatment, i.e., the control group, the observation 1 group, and the observation 2 group. The 22 patients in the control group received no adjuvant therapy after laparoscopy. The 42 patients in the observation 1 group were treated with GnRHa 3.6 mg by subcutaneous injection starting from the 1st day to the 5th day of menstruation, once per 28 days. The 70 patients in the observation 2 group were treated with GnRHa 3.6 mg by subcutaneous injection in combination with WXD starting from the 1st day to the 5th day of menstruation, once per 28 days. They also took WXD for 7 doses, one cycle per every 28 days. The treatment lasted for three to six months. Serum levels of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and cancer antigen 125 (CA125), as well as clinical efficacy, and adverse drug reactions were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSThere was statistical difference in serum levels of E2, FSH, or LH between the control group and the observation 1 and 2 groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in serum levels of E2, FSH, or LH between the observation 1 group and the observation 2 group (P > 0.05). There was statistical difference in the clinical efficiency among the 3 groups (P < 0.05). There was statistical difference in the pre-post difference of CA125 levels among the three groups (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, there was no statistical difference in the pre-post difference of CA125 levels between the observation 1 group and the observation 2 group (P > 0.05). No obvious adverse reaction occurred during the treatment.

CONCLUSIONSGnRHa combined WXD showed confirmative clinical efficacy in treating endometriosis after laparoscopy. It also could lower serum levels of E2, FSH, and LH levels. So it was an ideal solution for treatment of endometriosis.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Treatment Outcome

This study aimed at investigating the utilization of TCM services and exploring the influencing factors,such as education,economic condition,health condition,attitude to TCM treatment and TCM health literacy,of TCM treatment-seeking behavior in the elders in Zhejiang Province.In this study,a cross-sectional study with stratified sampling was adopted for the further investigation of the elders over 55 years by questionnaire.The questionnaire contained four aspects:1.demographic information:gender,age,education,pension mode,medicare and self-evaluation of economic level;2.health status:self-evaluation of health and current diseases;3.attitude to TCM treatment:Would you accept the TCM health services? 4.health literacy:self-made KAB questionnaire including health knowledge,attitude and behavior.Nine hundred and fifty questionnaires were issued and 945 valid questionnaires were returned.Among them,four hundred and eighty-four cases were male and 461 were female.The average age was 72.0 ± 8.9 years with a low level of education,mainly junior high school or lower (88.3％).Over the past year,only 50.11％ elders sought for TCM treatment.Generally speaking,age,gender,education,pension mode and health behavior showed no significant association with TCM treatment.The elders seeking for TCM treatment over the past year held favorable attitude to TCM treatment and high economic status,yet,with poor health status,high prevalence and health literacy (or health attitudes).It was concluded that the utilization rate of TCM services in the elders in Zhejiang Province was not optimist,probably resulting from the lack of publicity and market competitiveness of TCM.Therefore,TCM services should be promoted to meet the health needs of the elders and enhance the utilization rate of TCM services for the achievement of a significant role in the aging society in China.

With low molecular weight chitosan and poloxamer 188 as the joint carriers, ginsenoside Rg3 solid dispersions were prepared by using the solvent evaporation method for an in vitro dissolution test. Subsequently, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (X-RD) were adopted for a phase analysis. The results showed that the 60 min in vitro cumulative dissolution rate of ginsenoside Rg3 solid dispersions prepared with low molecular weight chitosan and poloxamer 188 at the ratio of 2:1 exceeded 90%, and the drug was dispersed in carriers in an amorphous state. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg3 solid dispersions prepared with low molecular weight chitosan and poloxamer 188 could help significantly improve the drug dissolution, with a practical application value.
Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; Molecular Weight ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Solvents ; chemistry

The stems and branches of Hypericum petiolulatum were extracted by alcohol and liquid-liquid extraction. Seven furofuran lignans were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of H. petiolulatum by using silica gelchromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, medium-pressure liquid chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by the spectroscopic methods as pinoresinol (1), medioresinol (2), 8-acetoxypinoresinol (3), epipinoresinol (4), (+)-syringaresinol (5), (+)-1-hydroxysyringaresinol (6) and erythro-buddlenolE (7). All the isolates were firstly found in H. petiolulatum. In the bioassay, compound 7 showed remarkable antioxidative activity inhibiting Fe(+2)-cystine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation with inhibitory rate 38% at a concentration of 1 x 10(-6) mol · L(-1) (positive control Vit E with the inhibitory rate of 35% at the same concentration).
Animals ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hypericum ; chemistry ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Rats

To prepare ginseng saponin Compound K with ultrasound-assisted total zymolytic ginseng saponins. The conversion rate was taken as the index to detect the pre-treatment factors such as ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time, as well as the impact of enzymatic factors, such as pH value, temperature, concentration of substrate, dosage of enzyme and reaction time, on the conversion rate. The response surface method was used to optimize the preparation conditions. The enzymolytic products were identified with MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The results showed that the optimum conditions of the ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis were 250 W for ultrasonic power, 15 min for ultrasonic time, 5.5 for enzymolytic pH, 50 degrees C for enzymolytic temperature, 36 h for enzymolytic time, 4:5 for enzymolytic dosage: substrate and 1.0 g x L(-1) for concentration of substrate. The relative molecular mass of reaction products was 622.4. Therefore, the nuclear magnetic map verified that the reaction product was rare ginseng saponin Compound K. Under the above conditions, based on the total zymolytic ginseng saponins, the conversion rate of rare ginseng saponin Compound K was 6.91% in proportion to the total of ginsenosides. The process features gentle reaction conditions, high conversion rate and simple and reliable process, which is suitable for industrial production.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Enzymes ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ultrasonics ; methods

Objective Toinvestigatethepossibilityandquantitativerangeofpepsinogen(PG)usedas the screening marker of gastric cancer by detecting serum pepsinogen level in different gastric mucous pathologic status.Method ThelevelofserumpepsinogenⅠ(PGⅠ)andpepsinogenⅡ(PGⅡ)bytimeresolvedfluoro-immunoassay(TRFIA)in 64 chronic atrophic gastritis patients,63 gastric mucous atypical hyperplasia patients, 67 gastric cancer patients and 20 healthy volunteers were defeeted ,and the ratio of PGR(PGⅠ/PGⅡ)was calculated.Then the three kinds of diseases were graded.The data was analyzed between groups and sub-groups.Result ①Compared with normal control group,the median PGⅠvalues were 1 24.01 ,91 .23 and 71 .23 respectively,which were all lower than that of healthy group (1 52.00).There were significant differ-ences(Z=-2.52,P=0.01 7 0;Z=-3.42,P=0.001 4;Z=-3.57,P=0.000 9).The median PGR values were 7.61 ,5.21 and 4.32 respectively,which were also lower than that of healthy group,the differences were significant(Z=-2.98,P=0.002 9;Z=-3.1 7,P=0.000 2;Z=-2.89,P=0.000 1 ).The PGⅡlevel of these diseases were not significantly different with control group.②The serum PGⅠlevel of gastric mucous atypical hyperplasia and gastric cancer were reduced significantly in contrast with atrophic gastritis (Z =-3.42,P =0.001 4;Z=-3.62,P=0.000 9);the levels of PGⅡand PGR were varied without significance (P>0.05 );③The levels of PGⅠamong atrophy gastritis and gastric cancer subgroup have no significant difference(χ2 =2.86,P=0.41 4 3;χ2 =1 .67,P=0.1 36 8).But the level of PGⅠwas significantly different in gastric atypical hyperplasia(χ2 =0.83,P=0.043 0).It decreased in light and medium grade dysplasia and went up in severe grade dysplasia.The levels of PGⅡ and PGR were varied without significance(P>0.05).④The areas under the ROC curves performed by the PGⅠ and PGR from normal control group and atypical hyperplasia group were 0.782 and 0.831 respectively;The sensitivity and specificity of PGⅠ≤72.1 2 μg/L and PGR≤4.32 for gastric dysplasia were 89.48%and 76.31%respectively.Conclusion ①The level of PGⅠand PGR were decreased along with the seriousness of gastric pathological changes and probably regarded as the screening markers of gastric mucous malignant transformation.②Serum pepsinogen level is closely correlated with gastric precancerous lesion,PGI≤72.1 2 μg/L and PGR≤4.32 has better specificity and sensitivity for gastric atypical hyperplasia in this area.