Polygalae Radix used as Chinese materia medica has a long history. The main chemical constituents include triterpenoid saponins, xanthones, oligosaccharide esters, and so on. The study shows that Polygalae Radix has a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as sedative hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiaging, antidementia, brain protection, cough expectorant, antidepressant, antibacterial, and anticancer. In this paper, through referring to the domestic and foreign relevant literatures on Polygalae Radix systematically, we summarize the chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and structure activity relationship of Polygalae Radix, which could provide the reference for the further investigation and development of this plant.

Objective To establish an analytical method to investigate the protective effect of reversed lipid-based nanoparti-cle(RLBN)for topotecan(TPT)in artificial intestinal fluid. Methods Reversed lipid-based nanoparticle of TPT(RLBN-TPT)was prepared by the two-step methods of lyophilization and dissolution. An analytical method was established to determine the concentra-tions of both forms of TPT by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Release curve of RLBN-TPT in simulated intestinal flu-id(SIF)was investigated to study the stability of TPT in gastrointestinal(GI)fluid. Results Both lactone and carboxylate forms of TPT were well separated and determined precisely by the optimized HPLC method. The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.25-5μg/ml for both forms of TPT. Compared with free TPT,RLBN-TPT significantly improved the stability of TPT in SIF as the per-centage of carboxylate form was remarkably lower than the free TPT(P<0.05). Conclusion RLBN can significantly protect the TPT from hydrolysis in GI,which may lay the foundation for the deuelopment of oral chemotherapeutic drug with higher bioavailability.

AIM: To study the allergic disease in recurrent tonsillitis. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique was used to investigate interleukin-4(IL-4) production in tonsil. RESULTS:The result showed that: a higher incidence of IL-4 producing cells were found in the tonsils of all ages, and a high density of IL-4 was found in the reticular crypt epithelium and extrafollicular, but low density in germinalcenter. IL-4 has been shown play a crucial role in the pathogensis of allergic disease. CONCLUSION:Allergic disease is an important reason of recurrent tonsillitis. The conclusion will give a new way to cure recurrent tonsillitis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Septum ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective Due to the problem of individual matching, exclusivity and loose with pure mechanical fixation for artificial hemi-knee joints made by traditional method, a new manufacturing process based on rapid prototyping technique and custom-made concept is presented.MethodsRapid prototyping was processed to rapidly and accurately shape the prototype of an artificial implant almost with the same shape as the hemi-knee joint of the patient, and the process based on Titanium alloy centrifugal casting technology and biomaterial sintering molding technology was used to fabricate the artificial hemi-knee joint and bioactive proximal tibia artificial bone, respectively.Results and ConclusionThe custom-made knee joint prosthesis has been fabricated and put into clinical use successfully. In comparison with the traditional implants, this system can realize the well matching movement between the artificial hemi-knee joint and its opposite. Meanwhile,the design of functional holes and tibial nails realizes the combination of biological fixation with mechanical fixation for the artificial implant,and the use of bioactive artificial bone promotes bone growth and minimizes the exclusive reaction.

The optimum conditions of baicalin hydrolysis into baicalein by immobilized beta-glucosidase in a two-phase system was studied and the yield was observed. A two-phase system comprising of sodium acetate buffer and chloroform was determined by comparing the solubleness of baicalein in different solvents and partition coefficient of baicalein in related aqueous-organic two-phase system. beta-Glucosidase was immobilized by the crosslinking-embedding method using sodium alginate as the carrier The optimum reaction temperature, pH value, Michaelis constant, the thermal stability and pH stability were assayed. By comparing the yield of baicalin hydrolysis into baicalein by immobilized beta-glucosidase in two-phase system, the optimum reaction conditions were determined-the optimum reaction temperature, pH value and time were 50 degrees C, 5.0 and 10 h, respectively. The yield of baicalein was 85.28%. Compare with one-phase system, two-phase system had an advantage in reaction rate and yield.
Biocatalysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Enzyme Stability ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; chemistry ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; beta-Glucosidase ; chemistry

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rnIL-11) in the treatment of thrombocytopenia induced by chemoradiotherapy in patients with solid tumor.Methods Solid tumor patients whose PLT count was lower than 50 × 109/L from December 2010 to December 2012 in PLA general hospital of Chengdu Commond were studied.They were divided into two groups randomly.The observed group was given subcutaneous injection of recombinant human interleukin-11 (Ⅰ) at the dose of 25 g · kg-1 · d-1,until the PLT rising subsolute value was more than 50 × 109/L.The control group was given usual treatment.The vital signs,hepatorenal function,coagulation function and cardio-pulmonary function of the patients were recorded during the whole process of treatment.Results The patients after chemotherapy had the platelet lowest average of (27.4 ± 7.6) × 109/L,and the average of the control group was (28.1 ± 7.9) × 109/L.The difference was not statistically significant (t =1.083,P ＞ 0.05),but treatment after the observation of elevated had the platelet highest average of (116.3 ± 22.8) × 109/L,which was significantly higher than that of (76.2 ± 21.3) × 109/L; the difference was significant (t =21.092,P ＜ 0.05).Platelets of patients in the observation group were ＜50 × 109/L for several days with an average of (4.3 ± 1.7) d,while platelets rose from the lowest value of the average absolute value greater than 50 000 hours (6.8 ± 2.4) d,shorter than the control group.By comparing the two groups,the differences were significant (t =11.347,P ＜ 0.05 ; t =15.196,P ＜ 0.05).Two groups of patients can tolerate adverse reactions.Ⅲ,Ⅳ degree of adverse reaction was not observed.Conclusion This study shows that rhIL-11 is well tolerated and has thrombopoietic activity in the treatment of thrombocytopenia.

0.05).Our data also showed no significant association between the genotypes and the severity of the disease.One-way ANOVA showed that BDNF genotype had no association to the age of onset for developing AD.Conclusions Our results indicate that Va166Met SNP in BDNF gene is not associated with AD.

[Absrtact] Objective To investigate the effect of anatomic quantitative target evaluation of class-room teaching on students' professional knowledge learning ability. Methods Twenty-five international students of 6-year program of grade 2013 were chosen as the experimental group, while twenty-seven Chinese students coming from the same class of grade 2013 and fifteen international students of 6-year program of grade 2012 were chosen as two control groups; quantitative and non-quantitative evaluation were imple-mented respectively by classroom questions and answers; teaching effects were evaluated by scales in the separation of teaching and examination, by records of answers for in-class questions and by questionnaire survey; SPSS 20.0 was used to make statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test to com-pare the scores of three groups of students, P<0.05 indicates statistic significance. Results Compared with control groups, the accuracy of answers for class questions were improved greatly in the experimental group (2/3~3/4) vs. (1/2) and (2/3~3/4) vs. (1/2) and the average test scores (80.62±5.93) vs. (79.62±5.93) and (80.62 ±5.93) vs. (70.16 ±6.36) of the experimental group students were higher than control groups, the difference was statistically significant between the control group and the control group (P=0.045). Conclusions
Quantitative evaluation of teaching objectives in anatomy class can improve the learning attitude of foreign students and enhance their academic ability.

Objective To identify changes in the occurrence of endemic fluorosis in order to provide scientific basis for making countermeasures. Methods Five villages from 14 counties of mild, moderate and severe fluorosis affected areas were selected by stratified cluster sampling every year in the whole province during 2006 - 2010. Water and urinary fluorine were determined by ion selective electrode method(GB/T 8538-1995); dental fluorosis of children 8-12 years old was diagnosed with Dean method; skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to "clinical indexing standards of endemic skeletal fluorosis "(GB 16396-1996), between 2006 and 2008, and "clinical diagnosis standard of endemic skeletal fluorosis"(WS 192-2008) between 2009 and 2010. Results A total of 25 diseased villages were surveyed, 14 with water sources changed, covered a resident population of 8005 people, beneficiary population 7154, and accounting for 89.37% of the resident population; not changed villages 11. In accordance with the "State drinking water health standards", in the 14 changed villages the fluoride in drinking water was qualified (≤ 1.20 mg/L), there were 3 schools whose water fluorine content exceeded the standard; among the 11 villages that did not change water sources 7 drinking water samples fluorine content exceeded the standard. Of the 8 to 12 years old children in villages with changed water sources, 363 of them were checked and 142 dental fluorosis were found, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 39.12% (142/363); in villages with water sources not changed, 303 children were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 43.89%(133/303). Of sixteen and elder adults in water source changed villages, 6424 people were checked and 403 skeletal fluorosis were found, skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 6.27% (403/6424); 3572 people were checked in not changed villages, the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 13.89%(496/3572). In water sources changed areas, geometric mean of urinary fluoride was in the normal reference value(WS/T 256-2005, 1.40 mg/L)or less. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis is decreased in water improved areas, but in unimproved areas the disease is still severe, and control of endemic fluorosis is still an arduous task.