OBJECTIVETo investigate the contents of poison in fishes in the Zhoushan Fishery and to analysis its relationship with the degree of ocean pollution.

METHODNine kinds of major fishes in the Zhoushan Fishery were sampled and tested. Canonical correlation was conducted to evaluate the correlation between contents of poison in fishes and the degree of ocean pollution.

RESULTSThe average contents of nickel among 9 kinds of fishes exceeded normal value by 1.177 times. No significantly statistical differences were found between the levels of poison contents in nine kinds of major fishes during 1997 to 2003 in the Zhoushan Fishery (the P values are all less than 0.05), except that the levels of cadmium and hydrargyrum in some fishes (the P values are all more than 0.05). The coefficient of fishes accumulated from different poisons ranged from 101.80 to 71 210.97. The canonical correlation coefficients of the variables of the contents of plumbum, arsenic and benzene hexachloride, chlorophennothane between fishes and ocean were 0.784 and 0.808 respectively. Positive correlation between them was shown (chi(2) = 20.994, P < 0.01; chi(2) = 38.017, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe sanitary quality indexes of all poisons which had been tested fell in the normal ranges except for nickel. The degrees of poisons accumulated among distinct fishes varied, showing the relationship of medium positive correlation between the poison contents of fishes and the degree of the ocean pollution.

Animals ; China ; Fishes ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Nickel ; analysis ; Seawater ; analysis ; Water Pollutants ; analysis

Objective To explore the effect of levetiracetam(LEV)on cognitive function and quality of life of patients with partial seizure.Methods There were two phase for this study.Phase one was a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study for 16 weeks.Phase two was an open label period for 24 weeks.Medicated patients underwent test on the cognitive function and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)at the baseline respectively at the end of 16 weeks and at the end of 40 weeks.Results(1) Compared the result at the end of 16 weeks with the baseline,LEV group used less time to do Wisconsin card sorting test(WCST,reduce scores -110.3),delayed logical memory were improved(reduce scores 3.4,P

Aim The effects of antibiotics and anticoagulants on mouse peritonaeum were ob-served to explore the factor of the peritoneal dialysis related sclerosing peritoni-tis. Methods The experimental models of peritoneal dialysis were established in miceby infusing different kind of drugs to the peritoneal cavity and the changes of the peri-toneal membrane for each drug at different time were observed by the autopsy and lightmicroscope for several weeks. Results Amikacin, Cefradine, Zinacef, Ciprofloxacin,Heparin and Urokinase could induce sclerosing changes of peritoneal membrane such asloss of peritoneal mesothelum infiltration of inflammatory cells and of proliferation fibrecell.These changes were irreversible after the drugs were stoped.Conclusion Thedrugs commonly used in peritoneal dialysis may in different degree result in peritonealsclerosis.

Objective To find out the status of HIV infection,sexual behaviors with both men and women as well as condom use among currently married men who have sex with men (MSM) so as to document for HIV intervention targeting this sub-population,in Beijing,Chengdu,Harbin and Zhengzhou cities.Methods “Snowballing” sampling method was used to recruit subjects in four cities.Participants were investigated by anonymous questionnaire containing demographics,sexual orientation,both homosexual and heterosexual behaviors and condom use during the past 6 months.Blood samples from participants were used to test HIV antibodies.Results Of the 858 participants for four cities,the average age was 38.3 (SD=9.1) years.36.7％ of them had completed the junior high school or under.The percentage of participants who identified themselves as homosexual,bisexual,and heterosexual or undecided were 40.9％,54.3％ and 4.8％,respectively.The overall HIV prevalence was 8.0％,and among four cities the HIV prevalence in Chengdu was the highest ( 13.3％ ).Results from the Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that never used condoms when having anal sex with men during the past 6 months among participants who did not have a city residential card,identifying himself as having homosexual orientation,living in Harbin,having first anal sex experience before 18 years of age the range of OR value was 1.5-2.1.In addition,the faetors associated with never using condoms in vaginal sex with women during the past 6 months were as follows:being over 46 years old,not having a city residential card,living in Beijing,identifying himself as heterosexual orientated or with unknown sexual orientation,never using condoms in anal sex with men during the past 6 months,the range of OR value was 1.7-5.9.Conclusion The prevalence of HIV infection seemed to be quite high among those currently married MSM.High rates of unprotected homosexual and heterosexual behaviors might accelerate the spreading of HIV from currently married MSM to their wives.

Stimulation of cardiac mAChRs by carbachol (CCh) produces a biphasic inotropic response. The mechanisms of the positive inotropic response by higher concentration of CCh appear to be paradoxical. This article was aimed to study the mechanism of the positive inotropic effect of CCh in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. The effects of CCh on L-type calcium current (I(Ca)) and Na/Ca exchange current (I(Na/Ca)) were observed in voltage-clamped guinea pig ventricular myocytes by using Axon 200A amplifier. The results showed that CCh (100 micromol/L) increased both forward mode and reverse mode I(Na/Ca) from (1.2+/-0.1) pA/pF to (2.0+/-0.3) pA/pF for forward mode (P<0.01) and from (1.3+/-0.5) pA/pF to (2.1+/-0.8) pA/pF for reverse mode (P<0.01), respectively. CCh had no effect on I(Ca). The stimulating effect of CCh on I(Na/Ca) could be blocked by application of atropine, a nonselective blocker of muscarinic receptors, which means that the stimulating effect of CCh is through the activation of muscarinic receptors. We made a further study by using methoctramine, a selective antagonist of M2 muscarinic receptors. It completely abolished I(Na/Ca) induced by 100 micromol/L CCh, indicating that the effect of CCh on I(Na/Ca) was mediated by M2 muscarinic receptors. It is generally accepted that contraction in cardiac myocytes results from elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Ca2+ enters the cells through two pathways: L-type Ca2+ channels and, less importantly, reverse mode Na/Ca exchange. The calcium influx via both pathways promotes the contraction of cardiac myocytes. Because CCh had no effect on L-type Ca2+ current, the increase in Na/Ca exchange current might be the main factor in the positive inotropism of CCh. These results suggest that the positive inotropic effect of CCh in guinea pig heart is through stimulation of Na/Ca exchange and is mediated by M2 muscarinic receptors.
Animals ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; physiology ; Carbachol ; pharmacology ; Cardiotonic Agents ; pharmacology ; Diamines ; pharmacology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Ventricles ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptor, Muscarinic M2 ; physiology ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger ; physiology

Child ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Tonsillectomy ; United States

Objective To understand the current situation and characteristics of potential rabies exposure to primary school students in the area with a high incidence of rabies of China, and to provide evidence for developing the intervention measures. Methods A population-based investigation was conducted in Guizhou and Guangdong provinces which had been the severe rabies epidemic areas in southern China. Two urban primary schools, two county schools, four township schools and four village schools were selected in the 2 provinces. Samples of the students were from each grade of the 12 schools for their potential rabies exposure information. Results Among 2408primary school students being interviewed, 290 person-times exposure were found during January of 2007 to May of 2008. The total exposure rate in the observed students in 2007 was 9.22%, but higher in Guizhou province (16.92%) The rate of exposure was higher in male students than in female, and was also higher in the students from rural than from the urban areas. More exposures were seen in summer season, from June to August. The kinds of animals that causing the exposures would include dogs (74.14%) and cats (25.86%). 32.07% of the total exposures were related to playing with animals. Arms and legs were the most affected areas of the body including, 37.59% of the wounds appeared below the knees. Conclusion The rate of potential rabies exposure was high in primary school students, especially in the rural areas. Playing with dogs and cats appeared to be the major behavior causing the exposures among the students.

Adult ; Dendritic Cells ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; analysis ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo establish a digital model allowing three-dimensional visualization of the structures involved in the anterior cervical segment approach.

METHODSBased on the imaging data obtained from CT angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) and continuous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a healthy volunteer (scanning from the center of the head to the inferior border of the T3 level), image segmentation and reconstruction for the skeleton, arteries, veins, and spinal cord was conducted semi-automatically using the Mimics software according to the different thresholds of the tissues. The cervical plexus, brachial plexus and muscles of the neck were reconstructed with the Nerves pipe editor and the Med CAD module to establishing the three-dimensional model for displaying the structures involved in the anterior cervical segment approach.

RESULTSA three-dimensional digital model of the structures involved in the anterior cervical segment anterior approach was established, which allowed the display of anatomical relations of the skeletal structure, aorta, superior vena cava, thyroid gland, hyoid bone, laryngeal cartilages, trachea, lung, 12 neck muscle groups, as well as the spinal cord, spinal nerves, cervical plexus, brachial plexus, and intervertebral disk of the neck.

CONCLUSIONThe three-dimensional model established can allow the visualization of the important structures for the anterior cervical segment approach, and provides a medical teaching platform for anatomy and surgical training.

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Computer-Aided Design ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Models, Anatomic ; Neck ; anatomy & histology ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVESTo investigate S gene mutations in HBsAg/HBsAb double positive chronic hepatitis B patients.

METHODSHBV S gene from 8 patients (Group A) with HBsAg (+)/HBsAb (+) and 9 patients (Group B) with HBsAg (+)/HBsAb (-)was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Both the distribution of genotype and serotype and the rate of MHR region were compared by Fisher's exact test. The mutation rate of both the DNA level and amino acid level was compared by t test.

RESULTSNo significant difference in distribution of genotypes was found between the two groups (P=0.153). In group A, 2 were genotype B, 6 were genotype C; In group B, 6 were genotype B, 3 were genotype C. No significant difference in distribution of serotypes was found between the two groups, either (P=0.218). In group A, 2 were adw, 5 were adr, 1 was ayr; In group B, 6 were adw, 3 were adr. The mutation rate of Pre-S1 region at both the DNA level (2.29% vs 1.80%, t=2.66, P more than 0.05) and the amino acid level (2.66% vs 1.59%, t=1.39, P>0.05) was not significantly different between these two groups; the mutation rate of Pre-S2 region in group A patients was significantly higher than that in group B at the DNA level (1.74% vs 0.91%, t=4.68, P<0.01), but not higher at the amino acid level (3.18% vs 2.05%, t=1.85, P>0.05), the mutation rate of S region in group A patients was significantly higher than that in group B at both the DNA level (2.13% vs 0.81%, t=6.00, P<0.01) and the amino acid level (4.37% vs 1.52%, t=5.32, P<0.01). Amino acid substitutions were found both within and beyond the MHR region. The rate of "a" determinant mutations in these two groups was also found to be significantly different (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigher HBV S gene mutation rate exists in HBsAg/HBsAb double positive patients than that in HBsAg (+)/HBsAb (-) patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Young Adult