Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor,it can reduce production and excretion of uric acid and oxygen free radicals generation. Allopurinol has good therapeutic effects on gout and hyperuricemia,and can relief symptoms of prostatitis. In addition, allopurinol has protective effects on ischemical reperfusion injury,inflammation and tumor.

This review introduces the basal elements and structures of Ussing chamber and it′s applications in the field of intestinal barrier function research.

Aim To investigate the effect of Rhizoma Polygonati( RP) on the functional activity and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the subculture of endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs) in aging rats. Methods EPCs from bone marrow in rats were isolated and cultured in vitro and identified. The 2nd EPCs were divided into fourgroups, which were subcultured to the 4th, 6th and 8th passage with application of drug - serum containing RP or not. The positive rate of cell senescence was detected by beta - galactosidase, the proliferation, migration and tubule formation were assayed by MIT, transwell chamber and in vivo angio- gcnesis kit, respectively, and ROS level was detected by flow cytometry. Results In the process of EPCs subculture, the positive rate of cell senescence gradually increased, accompanied by a significant decrease in proliferation, migration and tubule formation. The level of ROS increased sharply (P<0. 05). RP could reduce the positive rate of cell senescence, enhance the functional activities, and decrease the level of ROS of EPCs significantly (P < 0. 05). Conclusions RP may delay the aging process of EPCs in vitro and protect the function of EPCs by decreasing the level of ROS.

Nowadays, it is necessary to emphasize the three basic inseparable elements in the treatment of severe burn infection, which are systemic care, burn wound care, and rational use of antimicrobials topically or systematically. Systemic care has been shifted from simple nutritional support to maintaining the systemic homeostasis, including balancing immune-inflammatory response, and protecting organs from dysfunction. Some work focused on regulating systemic immune response in the initial phase and the balance of inflammatory response after occurrence of severe burn infection have been reported. These results at least broaden our thinking to recognize that treatment should not only destroy microbes, but also balance the response of the body. Escharectomy in earlier phase has been a consensus. Currently, we turn our vision into how to use "damage control surgery (DCS)" concept in management of severe burn. DCS in burn care includes the evaluation of perioperative situation more accurate to make a more appropriate surgical decision. Meanwhile, an overall strategy should be established to confront the rapidly increasing drug resistance of the pathogens. The release of endotoxin after use of antimicrobials, which has been studied widely, should be explored further.
Anti-Infective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Burns ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; therapy

Humans ; Hyperamylasemia ; physiopathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatology

Objective To investigate the association between Human Leukocyte Antigen DR (HLADR) gene polymorphisms and total IgE levels in children with asthma.Methods This study involved 84 unrelated children with asthma and 168 healthy controls without asthma.All participants had their serum total IgE levels measured with UniCAP Pharmacia system,and skin-prick test with ten kinds of inhalant allergens were taken among them.HLA oligonucleotide array was used to determine twenty-one gene frequencies of HLADR.Results ( 1 ) The frequencies of HLA-DRB1 * 070X allele and HLA-DRB1 * 11XX allele among the asthmatic were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (HLA-DRB1 * 070X allele:2.98％vs.0.30％,x2 =6.915,P ＜ 0.05 ; HLA-DRB1 * 11XX allele:13.69％ vs.5.95％,x2 =9.478,P ＜ 0.01 ),Odds ratios( OR)for the two groups were 10.57(95％ CI:1.215 -91.986)and 2.79(95％ CI:1.429 -5.449)respectively.HLA-DRB3( 52 ) * 010X allele were significantly decreased in asthmatics compared to healthy controls(13.99％,x2 =5.854,P ＜0.05),OR was 0.429(95％ CI:0.214 -0.862).(2) Significant correlation between HLA-DRB1 * 160XX,HLA-DRB1 * 3 (17)alleles and the level of total IgE were found in asthmatic children(P ＜0.05).OR were 0.145(95％ CI:0.027 -0.781 )for HLA-DRB1 * 160XX allele and 1.667(95％CI:1.367-2.033)for HLA-DRB1 * 3(17)allele.Conclusion HLA-DRB1 *070X allele and HLA-DRB1 * 11XX allele were implicated in susceptibility to asthma,HLA-DRB3 (52) * 010X allele might conferring protection effects against asthma.There were association between HLA-DRB1 * 160XX,HLA-DRB1 * 3 ( 17 ) alleles and the level of total IgE in asthmatic children.Protective effects of HLA-DRB1 * 160XX allele against high level IgE response was noted,while HLA-DRB1 * 3(17)allele might be associated with high level of IgE in patients with asthma.

Objective To evaluate long-term follow-up for laparoscopic anterior 180° partial fundoplication for gastroesophageal refulx disease (GERD).Methods A total of 48 patients had undergone a laparoscopic anterior 180° partial fundoplication from July 2004 to October 2007.Patients were followed up at 3 months,12 months,3 years,5 years by using a structured questionnaire via phone or e-mail which evaluated symptoms of reflux,dysphagia,side-effects,and overall satisfaction with the clinical outcome.Results Follow-up data were collected from 43 patients,ranging from 60 to 98 months.Postoperative heartburn significantly improved in 37 patients.Normal belching was preserved in 40 patients,and 38 patients were able to eat normally.Thirty nine (90.7％) patients reported a good or excellent result (minimal or no symptoms) at the late follow-up.Two patients underwent laparoscopic anterior 180° partial fundoplication again due to acid reflux at the 12th and 38th month respectively.Conclusion At minimum 5 years followup,laparoscopic anterior 180° partial fundoplication for GERD is effective and lasting,and most patients are satisfied with the outcome.

Objective To analyze the changing process and development trend of deaths (mortality)in patients with viral hepatitis after the use of the Internet-based National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System.Methods Descriptive statistical and moving average methods were employed to analyze the infectious disease reports released by the Chinese government during 1992-2013,and the changing process and development trend of deaths (mortality)in patients with viral hepatitis in China over the past 10 years were investigated.Re-sults The annual deaths (mortality)in patients with viral hepatitis showed a decreasing trend.The deaths (mortality)from hepatitis B showed a slight declining trend,accounting for a great proportion (over 70%)of the deaths (mortality)from viral hepatitis;the deaths (mortality)from hepatitis C had shown a slight downward trend since 2007;the deaths (mortality)from hepatitis A and unclassified hepati-tis decreased to different extents;the deaths (mortality)from hepatitis E remained at a relatively low level.Conclusion The treatment of viral hepatitis has been gradually improved in China and the public awareness of viral hepatitis keeps increasing.However,much attention still needs to be given to the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis,especially hepatitis B and C,by the government.

Aim To study the effects of HSP70 on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury after heat preconditioning in rats.Method To establish the models of the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. 42 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, (each group had 7 rats): normal group(N); quercetin injection group(Q); ischemia-reperfusion group(I); heat preconditioning 16 hours before ischemia-reperfusion group(H+I); quercetin injection before heat preconditioning group(Q+H+I); quercetin injection before ischemia-reperfusion group(Q+I).We detected the activity of serum enzyme of ALT,AST and the pathological changes of the liver;The expressions of HSP70 of the rats were observed by Western blotting. Results The expressions of HSP70 from high to low were:group H+I,group I,group Q+H+I,group Q+I,group Q,group N; The serum levels of ALT and AST from high to low were: group Q+I,group I,group Q+H+I,group H+I,group Q,group N;All groups had visibly hepatic histological changes respectively.Conclusion The protection of heat stress pretreatment from ischemia reperfusion injury was possibly performed by inducing the expression of HSP70.

Objective To detect the effect of the antiphospholipid antibodies on the Schwann cells in vitro and to find if the Extract of Ginkgo biloba 761(EGb761)has any protective effects.Methods The immunoglobulins(Ig)were extracted from the serum of the patient with autoimmune polyneuropathies and those with controls.Ig only or Ig plus calf serum(served as complement)were added into the culture solutions of the Schwann cells.The density of the cell in one high power field,the cell perimeter and area were detected and compared to those blank and those controls.Results The shape of the Schwann cells in both the Ig and Ig plus calf serum solution were greatly changed.The densities of the cells in them were both lower than the blank ones,with more severe in the cells with calf serum.There was no significant different between the solutions with or without EGb761.Conclusion Ig from the patients with autoimmune polyneuropathies could attack the Schwann cells in vitro,with the existence of complements,the destruction was even more severe.No protection of EGb761 could be found in these situations.