Objective To investigate the relationship between Oxfordshire community stroke project(OCSP) classification and imaging classification in acute cerebral infarction. Methods Two hundred and thirty-six patients with acute cerebral infarction were retrospectively evaluated with OCSP classification and imaging characteristics. Results According to OCSP classification,of all the 236 patients with acute cerebral infarction,28(11.9%) experienced total anterior circulation infarction(TACI),71(30.1%) partial anterior circulation infarction(PACI),94(39.8%) lacunar infarction(LACI),and 43(18.2%) posterior circulation infarction(POCI).The consistency was found in 171 cases(72.5%) between the OCSP classification and imaging classification,with the accuracy of 76%(25/33) for TACI,81%(34/42) for PACI,71%(81/114) for LACI and 66%(31/47) for POCI. Conclusion OCSP classification can predict the location and size of cerebral infarction with a high accuracy,and is well consisted with the imaging findings.

BackgroundThe study of the molecular mechanism of visual plasticity is helpful for the explaining and prevention of strabismus and amblyopia.The effect and significance of NogoA in the strabismus and amblyopia formation are attracting more attention.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the expression of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex in strabismic-induced amblyopia cats and explore the possible molecular mechanism of strabismic-induced amblyopia.MethodsSixteen 4-week old clean cats were randomizedly divided into normal group and strabismic-induced amblyopia group and eight for each group.The strabismic-induced amblyopia models were created by cutting off the external rectus in 8 cats.Pattern visual evoked potentials ( P-VEP ) were recorded 1 week after operation and compared with normal cats,and depression of amplitude and prolongation of implied time of P100 wave were as the successful criterion of model.The 200 ml paraformaldehyde was infused via heart to fax the brain under the deep anesthesia and then the cats were sacrificed and the brain cortex sections were prepared.The morphology of 21a zone of cat visual cortex was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining,and the expressions of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antiNogoA antibody.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe implied time and amplitude ratio of VEP P100 wave were (98.10±7.07)ms and (0.83±0.14) in normal group,and those in strabismic-induced amblyopia group were (108.50±6.95 )ms and (0.35 ±0.09 ),showing significant differences between two groups (t=4.450,P=0.005 ; t =5.970,P =0.005 ).The numbers of neurons were similar in 21a area of visual cortex between the two groups,but the volume of the neurons was lessen in strabismic-induced amblyopia group.The positive cell densities for NogoA were ( 387.37±2.01 ) cells/mm2,( 354.58± 1.85 ) cells/mm2 and ( 289.68± 1.81 ) cells/mm2 in layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ,Ⅳ and V/V[ respectively in strabismic-induced amblyopia group,and those in normal group were ( 161.39± 1.98 ) cells/mm2,( 128.93 ± 1.26 ) cells/mm2 and ( 96.25 ± 1.49 ) cells/mm2,indicating a significant increase in model cats ( t =- 160.400,- 201.890,- 164.740,P =0.000 ).Conclusions NogoA may play an important role in the regulation of the sensitive developmental period of visual sense and its plasticity.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of rhein lysinate (RHL)on the blood vessel damage induced by oxidative stress in the mice,and to explore its mechanism.Methods The mouse models of oxidative damage were established by intraperitoneal injection of paraquat.30 C57 mice were randomly divided into control, paraquat model,and RHL prevention groups.The mice in RHL prevention group were given RHL by gavage for one week before performing model.The mice in other two groups were given equal volume of distilled water.For making model,paraquat was intraperitoneally injected in the mice in paraquat model and RHL prevention groups once a week for two weeks.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of serum malonaldehyde (MDA) of the mice were detected 2 weeks after modeling. The pathological profile of blood vessel was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE)staining and the level of reactive oxygen species was observed by DCFH-DA staining.The expressions of genes related to blood vessel damage were detected by Western blotting method.Results Compared with control group,the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased and the content of MDA was increased in paraquat model group (P < 0.05 ). Compared with paraquat model group,the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased and the content of MDA was decreased in RHL prevention group (P <0.05).The pathological examination indicated the structure of blood vessel of the mice was damaged and the level of reactive oxygen species of blood vessel was increased (P <0.05)in paraquat model group.The pathological changes were significantly improved and the level of reactive oxygen species of blood vessel of the mice was decreased (P < 0.05 )in RHL prevention group. The Western blotting analysis showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of nitric oxide endothelial synthase (eNOS)and caspase-3 of the mice in paraquat model group were decreased (P < 0.05),however the expression level of cleaved fragment of caspase-3 was increased (P < 0.05).Compared with paraquat model group,the expression levels of eNOS and caspase-3 of the mice in RHL prevention group were increased (P < 0.05 )and the expression level of cleaved fragment of caspase-3 was decreased (P <0.05).Conclusion Paraquat could induce vascular cell damage in vivo through increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species, and RHL could antagonize the effects of paraquat by scavenging reactive oxygen species, and up-regulating the eNOS expression and reducing the expression of the cleaved fragment of caspase-3.

Objective To understand the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of AIDS between male-male in college students, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies. Methods Using cluster random sampling method, the questionnaire survey including basic situation, the perception of HIV/AIDS of male male actors, sexual behavior and condom use and HIV/AIDS counseling detection, was used to investigate in male students of 8 universities at Beijing fangshan distric. Results A total of 2444 male college students were surveyed, 138 cases with male-male behavior were detected, and the detection rate was 5.65％. The detection rate (18.31％) of the junior college students was statistically higher than that of first-year college students (4.28％) and sophomores (6.52％, P<0.017). The awareness rates of four relevant knowledge about HIV/AIDS for 138 students were 25.36％, 15.22％, 9.42％and 13.77％respectively. The 44.93％male-male in college students had first sexual intercourse were younger than 18 years old. The proportion of students with first time male-male behavior and age <18 years was higher in the first-year college students (58.9％) than that of sophomores and junior college students (30.77％, 26.92％). The incidence rate of bisexuality was 43.48％ in male-male behavior, and 73.91％ was polysexual partners. The correct usage rate of condom was 31.16％. AIDS counseling detection rate was 27.54％. Conclusion The detection rate is higher in students with male-male behavior, and the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge is lower. A variety of high risk sexual behaviors are prevalent, so it is necessary to strengthen HIV/AIDS education and HIV/AIDS related knowledge for college students.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer stem cells are essential to the recurrence and metastasis of thyroid carcinoma. Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) shows a downward trend in a variety of malignant tumors, and its overexpression can inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of LIFR on the stemness maintenance and lung metastasis of thyroid cancer stem cells in vivo. METHODS: Primary thyroid cancer cells TCLM were isolated from the lung metastases of a metastatic thyroid cancer patient. Serum-free suspension culture was used to form tumor cell balls. Flow cytometry was used to screen CD133+phenotype of metastatic thyroid cancer stem cell subpopulation TCLM-S. The overexpressed recombinant lentiviral plasmid containing LIFR and its negative control containing the empty plasmid were infected into thyroid cancer stem cells TCLM-S at the ratio of virus/cell number=20, and screened with 2.0 mg/L puromycin to construct TCLM-SLIFRand TCLM-Scontrolstem cells which stably expressed LIFR and its control. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of LIFR in TCLM-SLIFRand TCLM-Scontrolstem cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of CD133+phenotype cell subsets, western blot assay was used to detect the expression of tumor stemness related factors SOX2, Oct4, Nanog and tumor invasion and metastasis related proteins E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7 in TCLM-SLIFRand TCLM-Scontrol stem cells. TCLM-SLIFRand TCLM-Scontrolstem cells were respectively injected into BALB/c nude mice by tail vein, and the lung metastasis model of thyroid cancer stem cells was constructed. The effect of LIFR overexpression on lung metastasis was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with TCLM-Scontrolcells, the expression of LIFR in TCLM-SLIFRcells was significantly increased, the proportion of CD133+phenotype stem cell subsets was significantly decreased, the expression of SOX2, Oct4 and Nanog were significantly decreased, the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased, and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-7 was significantly decreased. Moreover, the number of lung metastasis in nude mice given TCLM-SLIFRcells was significantly decreased as compared with those given TCLM-Scontrol cells.To conclude,LIFR overexpression can decrease the stemness and ability of lung metastasis in vivo.

Objective To analyze the factors of errors in the pulse recognition; To improve the speed of processing massive data; To explore the method of reducing the subjective errors in pulse recognition. Methods BP algorithm based on distributed MapReduce in Hadoop environment was optimized. Optimized BP algorithm was used to self-learn pulse-sequence data to reduce fitting errors. The pulse-counting data collected by TCM electronic pulse diagnosis instrument were used as input layer of neural network. Momentum-learning rate adaptive fast BP algorithm was adopted to train neural network. Results In the training set (75%) of 768 M, a total of 35 890 data were collected, and 29 150 items were correctly predicted in stand-alone mode, with the correct rate of 81.22%. MapRedece parallel improved BP algorithm model correctly predicted 35 841 items, with the correct rate of 99.86%. Conclusion Compared with traditional BP algorithm, BP algorithm based on distributed MapReduce in Hadoop environment has smaller fitting errors, with higher accuracy.

OBJECTIVEThe co-culture model of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) normal (primary cell) and preneoplastic cells mimicking in vivo status was established and used to study the chemopreventive effects of epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) on cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and regulated genes expression of SHE preneoplastic cells and discussed on the mechanism of EGCG's chemopreventive effect of carcinogenesis.

METHODSThe SHE cell preneoplastic and normal cells were cultured on the plates with 1:10,000, 1:1000, 1:100, 1:10 rates for 7 days, and the co-culture model was established. The different concentration of EGCG (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 micromol/L) were used to treat the cells and the SHE cells growth assay, in situ cell apoptosis assay, in situ cell proliferation assay and microarray assay were used to determined the growth, apoptosis and proliferation of SHE preneoplastic cells.

RESULTSThe co-culture model of SHE cells with the 1:100 rate between SHE preneoplastic cells and normal cells was established. 0.5, 1, 5, 10 micromol/L EGCG increased the colony growth and proliferation of SHE normal cells. In the coculture model of SHE cells with 1:200 rate, compared the the control group, 5, 10 micromol/L EGCG suppressed the growth of different size of SHE preneoplastic cells clone. The DNA proliferation index and apoptosis index in the control group were 39.3% and 6.5%, respectively. After treatment of 5, 10 micromol/L EGCG, the proliferation index were decreased to 25.6% and 24.8%, and the apoptosis index were increased to 12.65% and 14.5%. EGCG suppressed the growth and proliferation of SHE preneoplastic cells in co-culture model and increased its apoptosis. The pathway of cell apoptosis was regulated through the P53, NF-kappaB, bcl-2 signal pathway, and the pathway of cell proliferation was regulated through the growth arrest at G1/S phase of cell cycle.

CONCLUSIONThe selective regulation of EGCG to normal and preneoplastic cells, the interaction of EGCG, SHE normal cells and SHE preneoplastic cells in co-culture model indicate that the suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis of preneoplastic cells by EGCG might be the mechanism of green tea' s chemopreventive effects to tumorigenicity.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; CHO Cells ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Female ; Precancerous Conditions ; Pregnancy ; Tea ; chemistry

AIMTo investigate the protective effect of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) on the liver injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of hind limbs in rats.

METHODS100 SD rats were divided randomly into sham operated group (S), S+ CO group (SC), I/R group (I/R), I/ R+ CO group (RC). A rat model of ischemia in hind limbs and the reperfusion liver injury was established with the occlusion of the femoral arteries for 4 h and re-opening for 6 - 72 h, 10 d. The rats in SC and RC groups were exposed to air containing CO (the volume traction of CO: 0.05%) for 2 h before and after reperfusion or the corresponding control time point, while the other two groups were exposed to the routine air. The pathologic changes of liver tissue were morphologically observed by HE stain. Serum GPT activity was tested by Automatic Biochemical Analyzer. The percentage of apoptosis, expression levels of bax and bcl-2 protein in liver tissue were detected by Flow Cytometry.

RESULTSThere was no difference between S and SC groups. Compared with SC group: (1) Pathological changes in liver tissue were significant in I/R and RC groups. (2) The serum GPT activity of I/R and RC groups was obviously increased. (3) In IR and RC groups, the percentage of apoptosis in liver tissue was all significantly increased. (4) The bax expression level was significantly increased. Compared RC group with I/R group: (1) Pathological change was slight. (2) The serum GPT activity was depressed. (3) The percentage of apoptosis and expression level of bax protein in liver tissue were depressed. (4) The expression level of bcl-2 protein in liver tissue was increased.

CONCLUSIONExogenous CO could attenuate liver tissue injury induced by limbs I/R in rats.

Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; pharmacology ; Extremities ; blood supply ; Female ; Liver ; blood supply ; pathology ; Liver Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; prevention & control

GL-PP-3A, an active polysaccharide peptide, was isolated and purified from Ganoderma lucidum, and then its structure was analyzed. Crude polysaccharide peptides were extracted from Ganoderma lucidum with hot water, precipitated with ethanol and then dialyzed from Ganoderma lucidum. Subsequently GL-PP-3A was isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharide peptides by fractional precipitation and chromatography of Bio-Gel P-10 column. The repetitive unit of GL-PP-3A was analyzed by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. GL-PP-3A is a heteropolysaccharide which is composed mainly of glucose (Glc), and also contains saccharide residues such as rhamnose (Rha), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man) and galactose (Gal) and 17 kinds of amino acids. Its weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn) were 1.7 x 10(4) and 1.1 x 10(4), respectively, with the ratio of Mw/Mn ( molecular weight distribution) being of 1.49. Its backbone chain is composed of 1,6-linked beta-D-Glcp and 1,3-liked beta-D-Glcp at a ratio of 2:1. Some of 1,6-linked glucose residuals of the backbone chain are substituted at 2-0 or 3-0, and there are 1 to 3 1,6-linked beta-D-Galp or 1,3-linked alpha-D-Manp in the branched chains, the nonreducing ends of which consist mainly of beta-D-Glcp and a few Rha.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucose ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Weight ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Proteoglycans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Rhamnose ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

OBJECTIVETo develop a TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of Aeromonas hydrophila.

METHODSThe conserved region of major adhesion gene of Aeromonas hydrophila (aha) was used to design primers and TaqMan probe. A total of six concentration gradients for forward and reverse primers ranging from 200 -700 nmol/L were chosen, and four concentration gradients for probe ranging from 100 - 400 nmol/L were chosen. And then the concentration of primers and probe were optimized by ANOVA of completely randomized design respectively. The specificity of the established method was evaluated by using bacteria as contrast, including 45 strains Vibrio cholerae, 20 strains Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 10 strains Vibrio fluvialis, 4 strains Vibrio mimicus, 5 strains Vibrio vulnificus, 1 strain Vibrio alginolyticus, 1 strain Vibrio furnissii, 5 strains Salmonella, 10 strains Shigella and 2 strains Plesiomonas shigelloides. The sensitivity, bacterial sensitivity and DNA sensitivity included,were evaluated. The stool of healthy people was contaminated by Aeromonas hydrophila artificially, and the ability of the established TaqMan real-time PCR system for detection of Aeromonas hydrophila was also evaluated.

RESULTSThe cycle threshold (Ct) value deserved from 6 groups of primers concentration gradient was (x +/- s):20.69 +/- 0.33, 20.72 +/- 0.21, 20.81 +/- 0.12, 20.74 +/- 0.12, 20.51 +/- 0.16 and 20.69 +/- 0.11, respectively, and the concentration of forward primer and reverse primer was determined to be 200 nmol/L (F = 1.33, P = 0.28). The Ct value deserved from 4 groups of probe concentration gradient was (x +/- s):20.56 +/- 0.08, 20.82 +/- 0.05, 20.82 +/- 0.11 and 20.93 +/- 0.09, respectively, and the concentration of probe was determined to be 100 nmol/L (F = 5.26, P = 0.01). The bacterial sensitivity and DNA sensitivity were 80 CFU/ml and 100 fg/microl respectively, and the sensitivity to detect Aeromonas hydrophila from stool was 8 x 10(3) CFU/ml, which might be 8 CFU/ml after 8 hours' enrichment. No amplification was observed in the templates of other bacterial.

CONCLUSIONThe TaqMan real-time PCR method targeting the aha gene of Aeromonas hydrophila had a high sensitivity and specificity and might be used to detect Aeromonas hydrophila from pure bacterial and stool rapidly.

Aeromonas hydrophila ; genetics ; DNA Primers ; Genes, Bacterial ; Molecular Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Species Specificity