CD36 is involved not only in the metabolism of lipids,but also in the inflammatory reaction,in the formation of foam cells and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.Monocyte/macrophage CD36 has been shown to play a critical role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions by its capacity to bind and en-docytose oxidized low density lipoproteins(oxLDL),and it is implicated in the formation of foam cells.CD36 expression and regulation mechanism already provides a new understanding and the relevant drug research has attracted more attention of scholars.This article is to carefully review the importance of CD36 as an essential component in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) on the Apelin mRNA and APJ mRNA expression in pulmonary microvascular endothelial ceils (PMVECs) in rats. Methods Pulmonary microvascular endothelial ceils obtained from 24 h old neonatal SD rats were cultured in DMEM liquid culture medium. The 2nd-4th generation PMVECs were inoculated on 6-well plates (5×105). The experiment was performed in two parts. In part Ⅰ different concentration of AngⅡ 0, 10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6mol/L (group Ⅰ- Ⅴ) were added into the PMVECs. The expression of Apelin mRNA and APJ mRNA was determined at 24 h after addition of Ang Ⅱ by RT-PCR. In part Ⅱ the cells were exposed to 10-7 mol/L Ang Ⅱ. The expression of Apelin mRNA and APJ mRNA was determined immediately and at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 h(group Ⅰ-Ⅵ) after addition of Ang Ⅱ by RT-PCR. Results In part Ⅰ Apelin mRNA expression was significantly higher in group Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ 10-9 mol/L) but lower in group Ⅲ-Ⅴ (AngⅡ 10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L) than in group Ⅰ (control, Ang Ⅱ 0 mol/L). The APJ mRNA expression was significantly lowered in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ in a dose-dependent manner as compared with control group (group Ⅰ). In partⅡ beth Apelin mRNA and APJ mRNA expression exhibited a bi-phasic response to AngⅡ 10-7 mol/L, increased at first and was then decreasing with time. The Apelin mRNA and APJ mRNA expression reached the peak at 1 h of incubation with Ang Ⅱ respectively. Conclusion Ang Ⅱ decreases both Apelin mRNA and APJ mRNA expression in PMVECs in a dose and time dependent manner. The down-regulation of Apelin mRNA and APJ mRNA expression may be involved in the mechanism of injury to PMVECs.

BACKGROUND:Due to quantity and quality deficiencies, chondrocytes from microtia are difficult to act as seed cells to construct an ear cartilage scaffold with the normal human auricle size. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that auricular chondrocytes from microtia can promote chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) at non-chondrogensis sitein vivo, which is the preparatory work for preparation of human tissue-engineered auricle cartilage scaffold. METHODS: Human ADSCs at passage 3 and auricular chondrocytes at passage 2 were mixed at a ratio of 7:3 and 5.0×1010/L mixed cells were suspended in 0.2 mL of 30% Pluronic F-127, and then the mixture was injected subcutaneously into Balb/c nude mice as experimental group. Auricular chondrocytes or ADSCs at the concentration of 5.0×1010/L were mixed with 0.2 mL of Pluronic F-127 and injected respectively as positive and negative control groups. 1.5×1010/L auricular chondrocytes were mixed and injected as low-concentration chondrocyte control group. All specimens were collected at the 8th week post-injection. Newborn tissues in nude mice were taken out for morphological examination, wet weight measurement, determination of glycosaminoglycans, histological and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The wet weight of specimens in the experimental group was over 80% of that in the positive control group, and the wet weight of specimens in the low-concentration chondrocyte control group was less than 30% of that in the positive control group. The average wet weight and glycosaminoglycan content were significantly higher in the experimental and positive control group than in the negative control and low-concentration chondrocyte control groups (P < 0.05). In all the groups except for the negative control group, mature cartilage lacunas could be observed by histological staining and collagen type Ⅱ could be detected for expression by immunohistochemistry to different extents. In the low concentration chondrocyte control group, cartilage lacunas were incompact and inhomogeneous, and the extracellular matrix was slightly stained. In the negative control group, mature cartilage lacunae and collagen type Ⅱ could not be detective. To conclude, auricular chondrocytes from microtia can promote chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis of ADSCs at the non-chondrogenesis sitein vivo.

Nowadays, it is necessary to emphasize the three basic inseparable elements in the treatment of severe burn infection, which are systemic care, burn wound care, and rational use of antimicrobials topically or systematically. Systemic care has been shifted from simple nutritional support to maintaining the systemic homeostasis, including balancing immune-inflammatory response, and protecting organs from dysfunction. Some work focused on regulating systemic immune response in the initial phase and the balance of inflammatory response after occurrence of severe burn infection have been reported. These results at least broaden our thinking to recognize that treatment should not only destroy microbes, but also balance the response of the body. Escharectomy in earlier phase has been a consensus. Currently, we turn our vision into how to use "damage control surgery (DCS)" concept in management of severe burn. DCS in burn care includes the evaluation of perioperative situation more accurate to make a more appropriate surgical decision. Meanwhile, an overall strategy should be established to confront the rapidly increasing drug resistance of the pathogens. The release of endotoxin after use of antimicrobials, which has been studied widely, should be explored further.
Anti-Infective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Burns ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; therapy

Objective: To investigate the effects of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from leukemia patients on the invasion capacity leukemia SHI-1 cells in vitro and the underlying mechanism. Methods: BMSCs were isolated from leukemia patients and their conditional culture medium were collected. The expressions of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in SHI-1 cells and BMSC were detected by RT-PCR. The BMSC and SHI-1 cells were mixed at 1: 10 and inoculated in Matrigel-coated transwells. Then CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4, final concentration of 2 μg/mL) or functional antibody of EMMPRIN were added. The BMSC cultured medium was used as control on cell invasion test. The alteration of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and CXCR4 mRNA were determined by real-time PCR before and after co-culture of SHI-1 cells and BMSC. The content of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in serum-free supernatent was measured by ELISA. Results: Both SHI-1 and BMSC expressed EMMPRIN. The invasion capacity of SHI-1 cells increased significantly after co-culture with BMSC, which could be blocked by CXCR4 and functional antibody of EMMPRIN. The cultured medium of BMSC did not increase the invasion capacity of SHI-1 cells. The mRNA expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and CXCR4 as well as SDF-1 contents in serum-free supernatent increased significantly after the SHI-1 cells were co-cultured with BMSC. Conclusion: When BMSC islated from leukemia patients contacted with leukemia SHI-1 cells, they increases the invasion capacity of SHI-1 cells through multiple molecule pathways on the surface of them on cell invasion test. It may be an important mechanism responsible for the invasion of leukemia cells to the outer space of bone marrow.

Orthokeratology is a kind of rigid contact lens which have reverse geometric desi, with higher oxygen permeability and security.Overnight wearing of orthokeratology can decrease the central corneal curvature and increase peripheral corneal curvature by flatting the central department of corneal, thus reduce the refraction of myopia.Through a period of time of wearing orthokeratology lens, patients can obtain good eyesight without frame glasses.Insisting on wearing orthokeratology lens can control the development of myopia.Orthokeratology is widely applied in the control of juvenile myopia, so we need scientific evaluation system to measure the visual quality after wearing orthokeratology lens.Here are the methods that used to evaluate the visual quality after wearing orthokeratology lens.

AIM:To evaluate the effect of rigid gas permeable ( RGP ) lens on the tear film and the visual quality in adolescents with a double-pass system.
METHODS:This was a prospective study comprised 23 myopia patients ( 39 eyes ) wearing rigid gas permeable contact lens ( RGP ) between Jun. 2015 and Aug. 2015 in the Department of Ophthalmology of Jinling Hospital. Uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) , sphere refractive, cylinder refractive, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time ( BUT ) , the visual quality and the tear film quality with OQAS II were obtained before and 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo after wearing. The data was analyzed using t-test and One-way.
RESULTS:The UCVA in before and after 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo were 0. 23±0. 10, 0. 81±0. 23, 0. 99±0. 11, 1. 01±0. 09, 0. 95±0. 14, the difference was statistically significant ( F=723. 36, P<0.01). The sphere in before and after 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo were (-2. 83±1. 34) D, (-0. 63±0. 82) D, (-0. 12±0. 20) D, (-0. 03±0. 10 ) D, (-0. 10±0. 30 ) D respectively, the difference was statistically significant (F=107. 01, P<0. 01). The refractive cylinder in before and after 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo were (-0. 12±0. 21) D, (-0. 13±0. 22) D, (-0. 12±0. 21) D, (-0. 14±0. 26) D, (-0. 21±0. 27) D respectively, there was no significant difference before and after wearing RGP (F=2. 58, P>0. 05). Schirmer I test showed no statistically significant difference before and after wearing RGP ( F=4.88, P>0. 05). The stability of tear film was reduced after wearing RGP, and the difference was statistically significant (F=135. 11, P<0. 01). The modulate transfer function ( MTF ) cut- off frequency was reduced after wearing RGP, the object scatter index ( OSI ) was increased after wearing RGP, and the difference was statistically significant, the tear film quality OSI was increased after wearing RGP, and the difference was statistically significant (F=6. 16, 19. 23, 10. 62, P<0. 01).CONCLUSION:The UCVA is significantly increased after wearing RGP. However, there was no significant change in the base-line of tear secretion, but BUT is significantly reduced after wearing RGP. The stability of the tear film is reduced, which can lead to a decline in visual quality.

Animals ; Arterioles ; cytology ; growth & development ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Lung ; anatomy & histology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adolescent ; Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; etiology ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; therapy ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications

Objective To observe the cervical regeneration outcome after different loop electrosurgical excision procedures(LEEP) for the management of cervical lesions.Methods A total of 209 patients with cervical lesions including cervical epithelial neoplasia,cervical HPV infection,cervical polyp and condyloma,and severe cervicitis were performed LEEP in our hospital.The types of LEEP included shallow ring excision,deep ring excision,LEEP conization,and that similar to cold-knife conization.The width and depth of removed cervical tissues were recorded,and the cervical regeneration was observed during the follow-up. Results Among the 209 cases,179(85.6%) were satisfactory cervical regeneration,24(11.5%) were little satisfactory cervical regeneration,and 6(2.9%) were unsatisfactory cervical regeneration.Shallow ring excision,deep ring excision and cone excision had higher satisfactory situation.Extroversion of cervical columnar epithelium was observed in 15 cases(7.2%) in little satisfactory cervical regeneration.Severe extroversion of cervical columnar epithelium of 3 cases occurred in unsatisfactory cervical regeneration.Besides,there were 2 case of cervical shortening and 1 case of severe erythema in unsatisfactory cervical regenerations. Conclusion Although having such complications as extroversion of cervical columnar epithelium,cervical shortening and erythema,LEEP performs a high satisfactory cervical regeneration after management of cervical lesions.It is in great need to analyze the condition of different patients in managing cervical lesions by LEEP.