Influenza (simply as the flu) , a kind of acute respiratory infection, is a common contagious disease in human, wild birds, swine, horse and other fowls. Its onset is soon, infects quickly and spreading wide. It is a serious risk to people's life. There have been epidemic records of influenza in each century since the 6th century, among which the 1918's caused the most severe consequence. This article reviews naming and classification of flu, epidemic history of flu, avian influenza and swine influenza. The progress in diagnosis, treatment and prevention on flu are also described. The main purpose of this paper is to profoundly reconsider the relationship between human and nature, human and animal as well as human and environment. We need to work hard to reach an ideal harmonious state.

Influenza (simply as the flu),a kind of acute respiratory infection,is a common contagious disease in human,wild birds,swine,horse and other fowls. Its onset is soon,infects quickly and spreading wide. It is a serious risk to people's life. There have been epidemic records of influenza in each century since the 6th century,among which the 1918's caused the most severe consequence. This article reviews naming and classification of flu,epidemic history of flu,avian influenza and swine influenza. The progress in diagnosis,treatment and prevention on flu are also described. The main purpose of this paper is to profoundly reconsider the relationship between human and nature,human and animal as well as human and environment. We need to work hard to reach an ideal harmonious state.

Child ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; drug therapy

Child ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy

Rat with amputation operation stress possessed a decline of NK activity and splenocyte pro-liferation to mitogen ConA.Amygdaloid nuclei lesion could antagonize the decrease of those ofcell-mediated immunity.Further results showed that serum corticosterone and methionine-enkephahn was high in stress' rats.Amugdaloid Nuclei lesion could antagonize the increase ofserum corticosterone level,but seem no dffeet on serum methionine-enkephalin level,thereforesuggesting that it is related to ratio of corticosterone to enkephalin changed by decrease of corti-costerone that amygdaloid neuclei lesion antagonized the decline of immunogical function inducedby stress.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between carotid artery plagues and the clinical risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 by observing the ultrasonic characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis plagues.Methods The ultrasound results of carotid arteries in 665 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 from January 2009 to December 2011 in Beijing Amery General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The location and quantity of carotid atherosclerotic plaques were observed .The relationship between the occurrence and risk factors of diabetes such as hypertension ,family history of diabetes and age were analyzed.Single factor and multi-factor analysis were applied for the related risk factors .Results The ultrasonography showed 405 cases of carotid artery plaques.Most carotid artery plaques were located in the posterior wall of carotid sinus and were hyperechoic ,hypoechoic or isoechoic.The single factor analysis showed hypertension,family history of diabetes and age are risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis (χ2 =42.322,9.682 and 140.658,all P<0.01).Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed age was an independent risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.The risk factors scores of patients who were less than 45 years,45-65 years and over 65 years of age were (3.50 ±1.16)scores,(3.46 ±0. 92)scores and (3.21 ±0.88)scores,and the difference was statistically significant (F=5.781,P<0.001). There were significant differences between risk factors scores of different age groups ( t =2.084,2.002, 3.786,3.474,2.877 and 2.504,all P<0.05).In patients more than 65 years of age,the risk of atherosclerosis plaques is 28.732 times higher than that of patients less than 45 years of age.After controlling the age factor,the possibility of atherosclerosis plaque increased 1.201 times for each additional one point of score. Conclusions Most carotid artery plaques in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 are located in the posterior wall of carotid sinus and are hyperechoic ,hypoechoic or isoechoic.Age is an independent risk factor for the formation of carotid plaque.Patients more than 45 years of age should undergo early intervention to avoid the occurrence of major vascular complications .

PurposeTo explore the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value on MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and prognostic factors in breast invasive ductal carcinomas.Materials and Methods 103 patients with pathology-proven invasive breast ductal carcinomas underwent DWI MR scan using b=1000 s/mm2. The minimum ADC values of the lesions were determined. Histopathological specimens were analyzed for tumor size, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade (traditional prognostic factors) and the expression of prognostic factors including Ki-67, ToPo-IIα, P53 and CyclinD1. The correlations between ADC values and these prognostic factors were evaluated.Results In 103 breast invasive ductal carcinomas, there was no significant relationship between tumor size, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade and mean ADC values (P>0.05). The correlations between mean ADC values and the biological prognostic factors were not significant (P>0.05). However, positive correlations were observed between pathological grade and the expression of Ki-67 as well as ToPo-IIα(P<0.05).Conclusion ADC values cannot serve as a prognostic factor for invasive ductal breast carcinomas. However, the expression of Ki-67 and ToPo-IIα in breast invasive ductal carcinomas may be important in evaluating prognosis of the tumor and guiding clinical therapy.

Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence is increasing in China.Because of the limited clinical symptoms,early detection of PCa is critical and difficult.Current clinical diagnostic methods for localizing PCa including both the conventional anatomic imaging and histological techniques have many problems.Enormous novel PCa specific molecular probes have been evaluated.Those probes have substantially improved the diagnostic accuracy and specificity of PCa.This review briefly introduces the conventional noninvasive imaging techniques for PCa diagnosis.Nuclear medicine probes that have great clinical value for PCa molecular imaging are also discussed.