Objective To analyze the Clavien-Dindo classification and risk factors of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy and investigate the relationship between the major risk factors and Clavien-Dindo classification of complications.Methods The retrospective case-control study was adopted.The clinical data of 200 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2010 to June 2015 were collected.The patients underwent Whipple surgery or pylorospreserving pancreaticoduodenectomy according to the tumor location.Observation indicators included:(1)postoperative complications using Clavien-Dindo classification,(2) univariate and multivariate analyses:the basic conditions of patients,surgery-related factors,pancreas-related factors,(3) relationship between independent risk factors and Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.The univariate analysis and count data were done using the chi-square test.The comparison between groups was done using independent samples nonparametric test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z) and multivariate analysis was done using the Logistic regression model.Results (1) Postoperative complication situations:of 200 patients,122 underwent Whipple surgery and 78 underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy,including 6 combined with vascular reconstruction and 1 with radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors.Ninety-eight patients had postoperative complications,including 41 patients with 2 or above kinds of complications.Pancreatic fistula was detected in 80patients,including 42 with grade A,28 with grade B and 10 with grade C,wound infection in 29 patients,delayed gastric emptying in 24 patients,postoperative intra-abdominal infection in 16 patients,postoperative intraabdominal hemorrhage in 10 patients including 8 receiving interventional treatment,postoperative biliary leakage in 7 patients and unintended reoperation in 2 patients.Three patients were dead during hospitalization.The incidence of complications in grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ (Ⅲ a and Ⅲ b),Ⅳ and V of Clavien-Dindo classification was 28.00％(56/200),13.00％ (26/200),5.00％ (10/200),1.50％ (3/200) and 1.50％ (3/200).(2) The univariate and multivariate analyses:the results of univariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) and texture of the pancreas were risk factors affecting complications after pancreatico-duodenectomy (x2=6.483,Z =-3.189,P ＜0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that BMI ＞ 23.9 kg/m2 and soft pancreas were independent risk factors affecting complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (OR =2.044,1.649,95 ％ confidence interval:1.212-3.447,1.194-2.275).(3) The relationship between independent risk factors and Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy was analyzed,there were statistically significant differences between BMI or texture of the pancreas and Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (x2 =13.897,27.077,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy is in favor of comprehensive comparisons and quality assessments among different studies,the primary classification is grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ.And decreasing BMI and good management of pancreatic stump may affect Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of intra-operative implantation of 125Ⅰ particles to treat advanced pancreatic cancer,and to evaluate the treatment effects on pain relief and survival of patients.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 53 patients who were treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from May 2013 to November 2016.The patients were divided into the particle implantation group (n =32,palliative operation combined with intra-operative implantation of 125Ⅰ particles or just intra-operative implantation) and the control group (n =21,palliative operation).The outcomes on pain relief and median survival after operation were compared between the 2 groups.Results Patients in the implantation group were implanted with 20 to 70 (41.4± 12.1) particles.There were no postoperative complications such as pancreatic fistula and bleeding.There was also no perioperative death.Of the 46(86.8％) patients who were followed-up,three patients were still alive at the time the data were analyzed.The postoperative survival time of the patients ranged from 3 to 27 months.For the implantation group,the median survival time was 11.5 months.The 3-,6-,12-,24-months survival rates were 100.0％,90.6％,65.6％,15.6％,respectively.Postoperative pain relief happened in 92.6％ of patients.For the control group,postoperative survival time ranged from 2 to 17 months.The median survival time was 7 months.The 3-,6-,12-,24-months survival rates were 95.2％,57.1％,9.5％,0,respectively.Postoperative pain relief happened in 16.7％ of patients.Postoperative pain relief for patients in the implantation group was significantly better than the preoperative,and than patients in the control group (both P ＜ 0.05).The Log-rank test showed a significant difference in survival between the two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Particle implantation significantly relieved pain and prolonged survival time of the patients.