Clozapine ; adverse effects ; Haloperidol ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ; etiology

OBJECTIVE:To study anti-arrhythmic effects of Lianshen lyuping dripping pills in rats,mice,guinea pigs. METH-ODS:48 SD rats were randomized into a normal control (isometric normal saline) group,a model (isometric normal saline) group,a propafenone (positive control,270 mg/kg) group and Lianshen lyuping dripping pills high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose(210,140,70 mg/kg)groups. The rats’tails were given the drugs iv at a time,10 min later,aconitine(10 mg/L,3 μg/min) iv. The doses of aconitine were recorded when ventricular premature beat(VP),ventricular tachycardia(VT)and ventricular fibril-lation(VF)developed in ECG. 48 guinea pigs were grouped and given drugs as above and 10 min later,were given uabain iv(1 mg/L,1 μg/min). The doses of uabain were recorded when VP,VT and VF developed in ECG. 120 KM mice were grouped and given drugs ip at a dose as above at a time,30 min later,were placed in the beaker containing 4 ml chloroform. When respiratory arrest occurred,ventricular fibrillation rate of mice were calculate.120 Wistar rats were grouped and given drugs at a dose as above,following typical arrhythmia reaction,given 0.8% BaCl2 (0.25 ml/kg) iv and sublingually at a time;48 Wistar rats were grouped and given drugs at a dose as above and,following typical arrhythmia reaction, given 5%CaCl2(0.28 ml/kg)iv and sublin-gually at a time. Recovery of sinus arrhythmia rate of rats were determined.48 SD rats were grouped and given drugs at a dose as above,after the administration ig once daily for 7 consecutive days,the rat models of myocardial ischemia reperfusion were estab-lished,and then VT,VF incidence rate and death were recorded. RESULTS:Compared to the normal control group,those in the model group were all abnormal in all indexes. Compared to the model group,those in Lianshen lyuping dripping pills high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups used more aconitine and uabain at the time of the occurrence of VP,VT and VF,had a lower occurrence rate of VF in mice and higher recovery of sinus arrhythmia rate in rats . The rats in Lianshen lyuping dripping pills high-dose and medium-dose groups which had myocardial ischemia reperfusion demonstrated a lower of VT,VF incidence rate and death rate. There were statistically significances (P<0.01 or P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Lianshen lyuping dripping pills have an anti-arrhythmic effects in animals to some degree.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.Methods Twenty-eight healthy male rats were injected streptozotocin at dose of 45 mg/kg by tail and be fed with normal diet for 4 weeks,then rats were randomly divided into iscbemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and ischemic preconditioning (IP) group.ST segment of electrocardiograph changes and arrhythmias of all rats were recorded before ischemia and 0,15,30 minuets after ischemia and 0.5,2 h after reperfusion.TTC staining was performed to determine myocardial infarct size.TUNEL assay was used to assesse cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The expression of antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic (Bax) was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with I/R group,ST segment elevation of patients in IP group decrease from (0.675 ±0.150) mV to (0.489 ±0.161) mV at 30 min after ischemia(P ＜0.05).Meanwhile the onset of ventricular premature contraction(VPC) in IP group was (18.21 ± 5.36) min,later than that of control group ((6.47 ± 4.28) min,t =5.241,P =0.000).The duration of VPC was (6.07 ± 4.33) min,shorter than that of I/R group ((16.71 ± 5.48) min,t =4.924,P ＜ 0.01)).The incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) of lP group remarkably decreased compared with I/R group (VT:57.14％ (8/14) vs.14.29％ (2/14),x2 =5.600,P =0.018 ; VF:50.00％ (7/ 14) vs.14.29％ (2/14),x2 =4.094,P=0.043).The myocardial infarct size in IP group was (12.50 ± 9.45) ％,smaller than that of I/R group ((37.50 ± 11.40)％,t =3.211,P =0.006).Cardiomyocyte apoptotic index (AI) was attenuated in IP group than that of I/R group((24.31 ± 3.12)％ vs.(19.01 ± 4.32)％,t =3.227,P =0.006),which was correlate with increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax((0.103 ±0.045) vs.(0.221 ±0.101),t =2.670,P =0.015).Conclusion IP treatment for diabetic rats shows a protect effect on myocardial I/R injury through attenuating myocardial apoptosis,and increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

The trophoblast is fetal-derived and in direct contact with maternal tissues. The expression of the various types of MHC antigen in trophoblast cells is very important for successful pregnancy. Among nonclassical MHC class Ⅰ antigens, HLA-G is expressed specifically on cytotrophoblast cells and its expression protects the fetal from maternal immune attack. The expression of the distinct subtypes of classical MHC class Ⅰ antigen is different in different subtypes of trophoblast cells. The expression of MHC class Ⅱ antigen is inhibited in trophoblast during pregnancy. It is suggested that C Ⅱ TA plays an important role in regulation of MHC class Ⅱ gene expression.

Cholestasis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neonatology ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; adverse effects ; S-Adenosylmethionine ; therapeutic use ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; therapeutic use

Objective To observe the expression of fractalkine (FKN or CX3CL1) in serum and lung tissue in early phases after paraquat (PQ) poisoning in rats,and to analyze the effect of FKN on acute lung injury induced by PQ.Methods A total of 66 SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into two groups,namely PQ group (n =36) and control group (n =30).Through intra-peritoneal route,PQ (22 mg/kg) was administered to PQ group,and an equal volume of normal saline to control group instead.Rats were separately sacrificed at 6 h,12 h,24 h,72 h and 120 h after poisoning.Lung coefficient was determined.The levels of FKN in serum and lung tissue homogenate were detected by ELISA.Lung pathological changes were observed by HE staining.FKN changes were investigated by immunohistochemistry staining.Data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results From 6 h to 120 h after poisoning,parameter determined in PQ group had great changes,compared with the control group.At 6 h,12 h,24 h,72 h and 120 h,lung coefficients in PQ group were 5.03 ±0.07,5.17 ±0.10,5.46 ±0.10,5.68 ±0.15 and 5.83 ±0.11,respectively,which were significantly higher than those (4.49 ± 0.20,4.28 ± 0.13,4.45 ± 0.17,4.31 ±0.19 and 4.31 ±0.16) in control group (P＜0.01).Levels of FKN (pg/mL) in serum were 140.9 ± 15.8,157.9 ± 17.6,188.8 ± 24.8,224.4 ± 18.1 and 229.9 ± 10.0,respectively,significantly higher than those (121.7 ± 12.8,121.6 ± 12.1,118.3 ± 14.0,122.8 ± 12.4 and 120.5 ± 8.8) in control group (6 h P ＜0.05,others P ＜0.01).Levels of FKN (pg/mL) in lung tissue homogenate were 4 222.0 ± 641.1,5 021.0 ± 514.5,5 911.6 ± 478.1,7 092.2 ± 652.9 and 7 639.3 ± 666.6,respectively,significantly higher than those (2 860.2 ± 477.3,3 068.9 ± 446.0,3 168.7 ± 728.5,3 178.0 ±488.2 and 3 147.3 ±426.6) in control group (P ＜0.01).In PQ group,pathological changes manifested themselves in inflammatory cell infiltration,congestion,edema,structural damage,etc.The lung injury aggravated gradually from 6 h to 120 h.In control group,there was no significant change.FKN expressed mainly in bronchial cells,alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary artery endothelial cells.Where there was higher expression of FKN,there were more inflammatory cells infiltrated.The level of FKN in lung tissue homogenate was positively correlated with lung coefficient (r =0.937).The level of FKN in serum was positively related to that in lung tissue homogenate (r =0.968).Conclusion There is correlation between FKN and acute lung injury induced by PQ in rats.

The paper first discusses the concept of hospital performance management systems and their relationship with the business systems and then dwells on the framework of the performance management systems, including extended business systems, database systems of shared business, subject driven systems and commercial intelligence systems. It also gives an account of the results of actual application of the Hospital Operational Performance Management Systems developed by the hospital the authors work with.

BACKGROUND: Pterygium is associated with local chronic inflammatory responses and chronic stimulation from external factors such as. sunlight and wind dust. Presently. there are various theories concerning the onset mechanism of pterygium, but these theories are not generally accepted.OBJECTIVE: To investigate histopathological chractefistics of pterygium and analyze the mulfipotent stem cell effects on the onset of pterygium DESIGN: An open experiment.SETTING: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: Experiments were performed at the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University from September 2006 to January 2007. 218 pterygial paraffin specimens following clinical and pathological diagnosis were obtained from Pathology Lab of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sea University.METHODS: Pterygial specimens harvested from clinical operations received morphology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence under a confocal microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology of ptorygium and expressions of CD34, vimentin (VIM), smooth muscle acfin (SMA), S- 100 in pterygium.RESULTS: Changes in morphology: Fibroplasia and neovascularization were the main changes in pterygium. Fibroplasia wasdiverse in different regions, and two main phenomena were observed. First, the tissues arranged tightly like the scleral fiber.Secondly, in some loose region, some of spindle-shape, polygonal, asteroid fibroblast-like cells, arranging loosely, could be seen only. No apparent collagen fibers were identified between them. Immunohistochemistry were positive for CD34 in some region where the fibroblast actively proliferated, whereas fibrocytes in mature fibrous tissue were negatively stained.Immunohistochemisu'y was positive for VIM in a large fraction of fibrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, vessel wall and perithelial cells. SMA staining was positive in basophilous small blocks, spindle or irregular cell cluster. Of the 218 cases, 56 cases had smooth muscle. S-100 staining demonstrated that neurofilament protein and adipocytes were positive. Of the 218 cases, 44 cases had adipose tissue, Immunofluorescence showed that proliferative active cells were positive and stained green under a confocal microscope.CONCLUSION: The fibrous tissues in pterygium originate from mesenchymal stem cells, and can differentiate into smooth muscle and adipose tissue.

ObjectiveTo evaluate arterial stiffness and its influencing factors in the elderly patients with hypertension and (or) type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsTotally 320 elderly patients were divided into four groups: control,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,coexisting hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Arterial stiffness in ankle and brachial artery was determined by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).Other factors affecting baPWV were also collected and measured,including age,body mass index (BMI),sex,smoking,blood pressure,pulse pressure,mean arterial pressure,serum fasting blood glucose,lipid profile,glycosylated hemoglobin and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP).ResultsbaPWV in the four groups were ( 1667.2 ± 279.3 )cm/s,(2158.6 ±386.9)cm/s,(1881.2±383.8) cm/s and (2165.9± 479.9)cm/s,respectively.The baPWV value was higher in groups of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and the coexisting diseases than in controls (F=8.473,P＜0.05).Diabctic patients had a higher baPWV levels than those without diabetes.There was no difference in baPWV levels between diabetic patients with or without hypertension.Pulse pressure and hsCRP were higher in coexisting diseases group than in control group (P＜0.05).Stepwise backward regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose,pulse pressure,mean blood pressure,hsCRP and low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C) were positively related to baPWV P ＜0.05). ConclusionsHypertension and (or) type 2 diabetes mellitus are important influencing factors for higher arterial stiffness. Hyperglycemia might play more important role in the elderly arterial stiffness.Serum fasting blood glucose,pulse pressure,mean blood pressure,hsCRP,LDL-C may be the independent risk factors of arterial stiffness.

Objective In order to choose the best surgical approach for minimally trauma varicocelectomy color Doppler ultrasound(CDU) was used to detect the anatomic relationships of spermatic vein in groin. Methods Sixty varicocele patients were randomly selected. Their spermatic veins were examined by CDU which beginning from superficial inguinal ring,passing the crossing point of spermatic vein and femoral artery ,and ending at the 3cm above the deep inguinal ring. The depths from skin to spennatic vein were measured and the relationships between spermatic vein and femoral artery were recorded. Results The average length of incision is 2.1cm and the average duration of operation is 22 minutes. The average depth from skin to spermatic vein was 1.1cm,1.55cm and 3.56cm respectively at the site of the superficial inguinal ring,the crossing point of spermatic vein and femoral artery,and the deep ingui-nal ring. Conclusion The best approach for minimally trauma varicocelectomy is at the crossing point of spermatic vein and femoral artery because here the spermatic vein is relative superficial and has merged into two or three vessels and the femoral artery can be easily touched by fingers.