Histone acetylation and deacetylation is an important regulatory way of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. As a key regulatory enzyme, histone deacetylase is overexpressed in many malignant tumors, including hepa- tocellular carcinoma. In addition, it has been suggested to be a potential therapeutic target for solid tumors. In this study, we review the classification, mechanisms, as well as the expression and regulation of histone deactylases in hepatocelhlar carcinoma.

We hypothesized that the concentrated urea and NaCl solutions may opened the blood-brain barrier to the horseradish peroxidase and trypan blue-albumin complex by shrinking barrier cells and opening up spaces between them. The experiments were carried out on 30 healthy, adult rats. Two experimental groups were used. First, intracarotid perfusion of anesthetized rats were prepared by exposing and catheterizing the left common carotid artery. A test solution of 3.4 M, 3.0 Osm urea and 0.87 M, 1.6 Osm NaCl, was perfused manually for 30 sec. in a cranial direction so as to expel the blood from the pial arterioles of the exposed brain. The pressure, which was not measured, varied between what was required which to expel blood from both arterioles and venules. Five milliliters of the test solution usually were used. Horseradish peroxidase and trypan blue was injected intravenously or through the carotid artery after perfusion. Threshold of barrier damage due to the intracarotid substance was defined as the lowest osmotality which produced obvious blue staining of the brain both on surface observation and coronal section. The effect of a substance was defined as reversible if a threshold concentration did not produce blue staining when the dye was injected 30 min following perfusion. Second, we applied a concentrated solution of 3.0 Osm urea and 1.6 Osm NaCl to the pia-arachnoid of the cerebral cortex, to study the barrier to the intravascular horseradish peroxidase and trypan blue-albumin complex. Hyperosmotic solution of 3.0 Osm urea and 1.6 Osm NaCl, either infused into one internal corotid artery or applied topically to the pia-arachnoid surface of the brain of rats, results in the opening of endo thelial tight junction through which horseradish peroxidase passes from blood to the basal menbrane and astrocytes and neurons. The evidence for this opening of the blood-brain barrier to protein is the entry of peroxidase into the neurons. It was postulated that sufficiently high concentrations of electrolytes or relatively lipid-insoluble non-electrolytes such as urea, osmotically pulled water from the cerebral endothelial cells resulting in their shrinkage. The shrinkage, in turn, was believed to open the tight junction between continuous endothelial cells so that the dyeprotein complex could pass through the junction from blood to neurons. The present study shows that these tight junctions, the sites of the barrier to neuron movement of protein, are indeed opened by the osmotic action of urea or NaCl.

0.05).The 83 samples of HBV genotype B all belonged to subtype Ba,and we had not found subtype Bj.CONCLUSIONS The HBV genotypes among the children carriers of hepatitis B virus in Wenzhou mainly are the genotypes C and B.In two subtypes of genotype B mainly is the subtype Ba.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To determine pathogenesis and the suitable time of operation for myelomeningocele associated with hydrocephalus in neonate.Methods 6 underwent head CT scanning, 2 lumbosacral CT scanning and 6 lumbosacral X radiography on 6 patients myelomeningocele complicated with hydrocephalus.Ventriculoperitoneal shunt and repair of the myelomeningocele were performed respectively for one patient.from 1 day to 28 day old.Operation stage 1 in 5 patients.Repair of the myelomeningocele concurred with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Intracranial pressure was measured in shunting procedure.Results 4 patients had normal intracranial pressure,2 patients increased intracranial pressure in the 6 patients.The volume of the hernial sac had markedly diminished and status of hernial sac had greatly improved wall in the patient who wnderwent two-stage procedures after shunt procedure. Lumbosacral wound healing was good . No recurrent myelomeningocele was found, no hydrocephalus was seen using head CT scanning and clinical manifestation has improved in these patients who were followed up 6 month to 3 year.Conclusions Hydrocephalus may deteriorate the degree of lumbosacral myelomeningocele. Effecacy of vntriculoperitoneal shunt and repair of the myelomeningocele was excellent in myelomeningocele complicated with hydrocephalus in neonate.Micro-operative technique might prevent the occurrence of tethered cord.

OBJECTIVE:To study inhibitory effects of propofol on PC12 cells injury induced by glutamic acid via mitogen-acti-vated protein kinase/extra-cellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signal pathway. METHODS:PC12 cells were randomized into normal control group,model group(10 mmol/L glutamic acid),propofol low-concentrations,medium-concentrations and high-con-centrations groups(12.5,25,50 μmol/L+10 mmol/L glutamic acid). The optical density of cells,cell apoptosis,the phosphoryla-tion of ERK1/2 and the expression of c-fos,Bax,Bcl-2 were detected after treated with relevant medicine for 48 h. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,optical density of cells,the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 decreased in model group (P<0.01);apoptotic rate,the expression of c-fos and Bax increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group,optical density of cells,the expression of Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in propofol group (P<0.01);apoptosis rate,the ex-pression of c-fos and Bax decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were statistical significant between the different concentrations (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Propofol can inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glutamic acid,which is associated with the up-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

Objective To improve short-and mid-term surgical outcomes ofter the tricuspid ring annuloplasty,and to provide theoretic basis for strategy making among patients with tricuspid regurgitation secondary to left-sided heart diseases.Methods Tricuspid regurgitation secondary to left-sided heart diseases ( including mitral valve diseases and aortic valve diseases) were treated by using tricuspid ring annuloplasty techniques.Patients'age averaged (47.3 ± 12.0) years old,there were a total of 84 female patients(53.2％ ).The average systolic pulmonary pressure was (53.4 ± 19.8) mm Hg.From August 2002 to December 2007,a total of 158 consecutive patients underwent tricuspid ring annuloplasty in Fuwai Cardiovascular disease Hospital.Among this group of patients,there were 66 mild tricuspid regurgitation(41.8％ ),54 moderate(34.2％ ),and 38 severe tricuspid regurgitation(24.0％ ).The average age was (47.3 ± 12.0) years old and female accounted for 53.2％ of the whole cohort.The indications for the tricuspid ring annuloplasty included:moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation or moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension ( systolic pulmonary hypertension ＞40 mm Hg).In the current study,the ring annuloplasty techniques were modified in the following aspects:selection of undersized ring and partial fixation of tricuspid septal segment.In all the patients,we chose Cosgrove-Edwards ring for tricuspid annuloplasty.The surgical outcomes were evaluated through multivariate regression and Cox analysis.Results Compared with moderate and severe tricuspid regurgitation groups,mild regurgitation group had the smallest ring diameter,mild group ( 38.2 ± 4.9 ) mm,moderate group(47.0 ± 11.6 ) mm,severe group(44.5 ± 8.9) mm,P ＜0.001.No significant differences were noted in terms of ejection fraction among three groups (0.59 ± 0.08,0.59 ± 0.06 and 0.58 ± 0.09,P =0.73 ).Compared with mild and moderate tricuspid regurgitation groups,severe regurgitation group had the highest systolic pulmonary pressure.The diameter reduction was most significant in severe regurgitation group,diameter reduction in mild,moderate and severe regurgitation groups were ( 12.4 ±5.6) mm,(20.8 ± 11.5 ) mm,( 18.6 ± 8.3 ) mm,respectively,P ＜ 0.00 1.An in-hospital death occurred in moderate regurgitation group.157 patients discharged alive.The median follow-up time was 49.1 months.During follow up,three moderate to severe regurgitation occurred,among which one was in moderate regurgitation group,two in severe regurgitation group ( P =0.06).There were three deaths in mild regurgitation group,two in moderate regurgitation group,and four in severe regurgitation group.No significant differences were found in terms of mid-term morality,P =0.10.Conclusion For patients with tricuspid regurgitation secondary to left-sided heart diseases,the mid-term outcomes of modified Cosgrove-Edwards ring annuloplasty were satisfactory.The taking home messages include:positive recommendation for patients with pulmonary hypertension to accept tricuspid annuloplasty,use of undersized ring,and partial fixation of septal segment.

Objective To validate the gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation in head and neck cancer based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) by cross-sectional autopsy,and to provide a basis for clinical evaluation of the two imaging methods.Methods Ten New Zealand rabbits were selected for transplantation of VX2 carcinoma cells,and a head and neck cancer model was successfully established in six rabbits.Each rabbit was fixed and received MRI scan and CT scan in the same body position.Then,they were sacrificed and fixed in gelatin solution (-70℃) for 72 h; all cryopreserved rabbits underwent cross-sectional autopsy using a jig saw,with the same position and sectional thickness as in MRI scan and CT scan,and cross-sectional autopsy images were obtained using a digital single-lens reflex camera.GTVs were separately delineated based on CT,MRI,and cross-sectional autopsy images.The GTVMRI,GTVCT,GTVSA,and volume difference ratios (VDRs) were calculated;two-way classification ANOVA and paired t-test were used for difference analyses.Results The mean values of GTVMRI,GTVCT,and GTVSA were 8.20 ± 2.56,8.40 ± 2.20,and 8.11 ± 2.88 cm3,respectively,without significant differences among them (F =0.06,P =0.943).The mean values of VDRMRI-SA and VDRCT-SA were 0.180 ± 0.060 and 0.309 ± 0.091,respectively,with a significant difference between them (t =7.49,P =0.001).Conclusion The GTV delineation based on MRI is more accurate than that based on CT in head and neck cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) for the treatment of high anal fistula.Methods The clinical data of 77 patients with high anal fistula who were admitted to the Puren Hospital and Chaoyang Hospital from January 2011 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were treated using the LIFT method (LIFT group,37 patients) or fistulectomy + threaddrawing therapy (thread-drawing group,40 patients).The operation time,healing time,time and severity of postoperative pain,recurrence and anal sphincter dysfunction were compared between the 2 groups.The measurement data,the count data and the rank data were analyzed using the t test,chi-square test,and the rank sum test,respectively.Results The operation time of the LIFT group and the thread-drawing group were (21.4 ± 2.0) minutes and (20.6 ± 1.9) minutes,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =1.911,P ＞ 0.05).In the LIFT group,17 patients felt low-grade pain,no patient felt medium-grade or severe pain.In the thread-drawing group,7 patients felt low-grade pain,14 patients felt medium-grade pain,19 patients felt severe pain.The duration of postoperative pain in the LIFT group and the thread-drawing group were (3.0 ± 1.3) days and (14.1 ± 1.5)days,respectively.The severity and duration of postoperative pain of the LIFT group were significant lower and shorter than those of the thread-drawing group (u =-7.189,t =34.534,P ＜ 0.05).The healing time,anal scar area and anal sphincter function score were (26.0 ± 1.9) days,(1.24 ± 0.20) cm2 and 1 in the LIFT group,and (40.7 ± 2.8) days,(2.64 ± 0.25) cm2 and 4 in the thread-drawing group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =26.574,26.868,Z =-7.513,P ＜ 0.05).The effective rate of the 2 treatment methods were 100％.The cure rate and recurrence rate were 51.4％ (19/37) and 5.4％ (2/37) in the LIFT group,and 42.5％ (17/40) and 2.5％ (1/40) in the thread-drawing group.There were no significant differences in the cure rate and recurrence rate between the 2 groups (x2=0.605,0.433,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion LIFF method has higher cure rate for high anal fistula with short time of postoperative pain and healing,good anal sphincter function and low recurrence rate.

Pancreatic cancer is a one of the most malignant digestive cancer.Because the lack of effective methods for early diagnosis,most patients have been ineligible for surgical resection when diagnosed.Kallikrein family is a group of serine proteases,because of its ability to decompose the extracellular matrix proteins,it may be closely related to the invasion and metastasis of various cancers.And some members of kallikrein family may become cancer diagnostic biomarkers.This paper reviews all the recent articles about kallikrein family study in pancreatic cancer.