OBJECTIVE:To analyze the characteristics and rules of pediatric adverse drug reaction (ADR) in our hospital, and provide reference for clinical safe drug use. METHODS:Retrospective study was adopted to statistically analyze the ADR re-ports in our hospital from Mar. 2012 to Jun. 2016. RESULTS:In the 176 ADR reports,102 were male(57.95%)and 74 were fe-male (42.05%);children younger than 6 years old had the highest incidence of ADR (81.26%);intravenous administration in-duced 153 cases(86.93%),the top one was antibiotics,which involving 20 antibiotics,totally 106 cases(60.23%);skin and its appendages damage were the main manifestations, totally 127 cases (50.60%). CONCLUSIONS:Pediatric ADR monitoring should be strengthened,dinical rational drug use should be promoted by cooperation in many ways to reduce and prevent the incid-erle of pediatric ADR.

This report emphasizes on US diagnostic characteristics of partly BSTT,including OSteogenic sarcotma in 57 cases,chondrosarcoma in 25 cases, fibrosarcoma in 18 cases, synovial sarcoma in 14 cases, myelogenous neoplasm in 21 cases.metastatic bone ttmlor in 67 cases,giant cell turnor of bone in 52 cases, chordoma in 25 cases,hemangioma In 32 cases,desmoplastic fibroma in 10 cases. Pigrnenled villonodular synovius in 10 cases,and aneurysmal bone cyst in 8 cases, altogether 563 cases. The study firstly presents the application and specific menifestation of US diagnosis in BSTI. In many aspects,US is superor to X-ray, CT and MRI in diagnosing BSTT. It provides a great deal of reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and. Treatment.

The growth hormone(GH)-insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I axis is an important modulator of growth and development.In addition to the classical role as endocrine hormones,the components also regulate a wide range of biological functions through paracrine and autocrine mechanisms.Their potent mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects play a critical role in the regulation of rapidly renewing epithelial cell populations such as those found in the colon.Recent epidemiological evidence from acromegaly patients suggests an association between inappropriate regulation of the GH-IGF-I axis and the development of colorectal cancer.However,the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways responsible are only beginning to be unravelled,as are the relative contributions of the endocrine and autocrine or paracrine effects.

Colorectal cancer is a very common malignant neoplasm.It is widely accepted that community screening for colorectal cancer significantly reduces mortality of this disease.Detection of neoplasm is facilitated by fecal occult blood testing(FOBT),sigmoidoscopy,colonoscopy and double contrast barium enema.Colonoscopy is currently the gold standard,however,the appropriate age to begin testing and time interval between repeat sereenings remain unclear.Screening with CT colonography(vivtul colonoscopy),fecal DNA analysis and detecting cyclooxygenase 2 messenger RNA in feces is under study.Finding the optimal screening method and increasing acceptability to both physician and patients remain to be studied further.

Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy

Deconstruction of lignocellulosic plant cell walls to fermentable sugars by biochemical means is impeded by several poorly understood ultrastructural and chemical barriers. Pretreatment is an essential step by altering the morphological and compositional characteristics of biomass to enhance the sugar release during enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, getting insight into this field is necessary to improve the conversion of biomass into biofuels. In this review, we highlight our recent understanding on the impact of various promising pretreatments on biomass, with emphasis on the topochemical and ultrastructural changes of plant cell walls that are related to the reduction of recalcitrance and the consequence of saccharification. It will lend support to the scientific research and development with respect to biomass conversion.
Biofuels ; Biomass ; Carbohydrates ; chemistry ; Cell Wall ; ultrastructure ; Fermentation ; Hydrolysis ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Plant Cells ; ultrastructure

Objective:To analyze gene mutations in 3 families with self-improving collodion ichthyosis.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 3 patients with self-improving collodion ichthyosis. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of patients and their parents, and high-throughput sequencing was performed in the patients by using a multi-gene panel targeting congenital ichthyosis. After identification of causative gene loci, Sanger sequencing was performed to bidirectionally verify the mutations in the patients and their parents.Results:All the 3 patients presented with a collodion-like membrane at birth, which was shed within 2-4 weeks after birth, and then they gradually showed similar features of mild ichthyosis, including dry skin, tiny scales at local sites, flexural involvement, mild sweating, heat intolerance, cheek flushing, mild palmoplantar keratosis or palmar hyperlinearity. Compound heterozygous mutations were identified in the ALOX12B gene of the 3 patients, including a paternal mutation c.406_408delGAG and a maternal mutation c.77T>C in case 1, a paternal mutation c.1013C>T and a maternal mutation c.1286C>G in case 2, a paternal mutation c.1232T>C and a maternal mutation c.1440C>A in case 3. Function prediction analysis showed that 4 missense mutations c.77T>C, c.1286C>G, c.1013C>T, c.1232T>C and 1 deletion mutation c.406_408delGAG may exert pathogenic effect, and 1 nonsense mutation c.1440C>A led to the generation of a termination codon encoding a truncated protein p.Tyr480Ter, which may affect the protein function and cause disease. None of the 6 mutation sites had been reported in the past.Conclusion:Compound heterozygous pathogenic mutations were identified in the ALOX12B gene of the 3 patients with self-improving collodion ichthyosis, which were inherited from their parents.

The angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin is a 20 000 C terminal fragment of collagen ⅩⅧ.Endostatin inhibits endothelial cell migration in vitro and appears to be highly effective in murine in vivo studies. Endostatin is a specific and the most effective antiangiogenisis till now. The molecular mechanisms behind the inhibition of angiogenesis have not yet been elucidated.The structure and functional roles in angiogenesis of wllagen ⅩⅧ/endostatin were reviewed.

Eighty patients with T2DM hospitalized at Tongren Hospital, Beijing during June to December 2009 were chosen for survey by FFQ (food frequency questionnaire).Their daily food intake and nutrient intake were collected and percentage of energy generated from carbohydrate, protein and fat were estimated for each participant, and analyzed based on the criteria of dietary intake for T2DM, the dietary guidelines and the recommendations for dietary nutritional structure for Chinese residents.Among 80 patients with T2DM, 27 (34%) were found insufficient daily protein intake, 39 (49%) insufficient carbohydrates,40 (50%) excessive fat, and 74 (93%) insufficient dietary fiber, respectively.There was a significant gap between their daily total energy intake and that recommended for patients with T2DM ( P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05 ).No significant difference was found in daily intake of total energy, protein, fat carbohydrate and dietary fiber among T2DM patients with varied body mass index ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Dietary pattern and actions and selfmanagement in the patients with T2DM surveyed are not so reasonable.

Rational clinical nutrition support may slow down the progress from heart insufficiency to heart failure and improve the quality of life.This article summarizes advances in nutrition support in patients with heart insufficiency in terms of nutrition and metabolic characteristics, nutritional risk screening and nutrition status evaluation, nutrient recommendations, and clinical application of nutrition support.Moreover, nutrition and metabolic support in acute heart failure is also discussed.