Objective To investigate the causes and the clinical significance of the female lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods Of the 72 female patients (mean age,48 years;range,8 to 86 years) with LUTS,46 had dysuria,14 with incontinence,10 with frequency and urgency of micturition and 2 with nocturnal enuresis.Urodynamic examinations were conducted in these patients. Results Among the 46 cases with difficulty of urination,whose bladder volumes were 60 to 800 ml,20 had the bladder detrusor contractility of 0,and 26,of 9 to 160 cm H 2O.Linearised passive urethral resistance relation (Linp-URR) figure showed at least grade Ⅲ obstruction in 19 cases.The urethral pressure profiles (UPPs) were 25 to 130 cm H 2O.Dyssynergia of detrusor-external sphincter occurred in 33 cases with voiding dysfunction.Ten cases with frequency of micturition had bladder volume of 97 to 450 ml.Two cases had the bladder detrusor contractility of 0,the other 8 cases were of 9 to 160 cm H 2O.Linp-URR figure showed at least grade Ⅲ obstruction in 2 cases.One case with urgent incontinence had hyper-sensitive bladder.The abdominal leak point pressures were 44 to 76 cm H 2O in 6 cases of stress incontinence.3 cases of overflowing urinary incontinence had no contraction of bladder detrusor and the UPPs were 32 to 42 cm H 2O.The UPPs were 0 to 16 cm H 2O in the 4 cases of total urinary incontinence.Two cases of nocturnal enuresis had detrusor instability with impaired contractility. Conclusions Urodynamic examination is necessary to the diagnosis of female LUTS and it also has significant value in predicting the treatment and prognosis of LUTS.

Objective To evaluate pressure-flow study in assessment of dysuresia symptom in elderly male patients. Methods A total of 125 elderly male patients with dysuresia and prostatic enlargement underwent urodynamic examination.Their age ranged from 56 to 83 years with a mean of 68 years.If the patients urinated smoothly with satisfying urinary flow curve,the pressure-flow study would be performed on them.According to the results,the patients were classified as 3 groups:BOO,equivocal BOO and non-BOO groups.Their detrusor contractive function was classified as strong,normal,weak or very weak. Results Of the 125 patients undergoing urodynamic test,87 obtained definite pressure-flow study findings.Of the 87 patients,39 were with BOO,18 with equivocal BOO and 30 without BOO.In the BOO,equivocal BOO and non-BOO groups,detrusor pressure at maximum flow was (99.2?34.3) cmH 2O (1cmH 2O=0.098 kPa),(46.9?9.9)cmH 2O and (30.8?10.0)cmH 2O,respectively;intravesical opening pressure was (99.4?39.6) cmH 2O, (43.7?9.9) cmH 2O and (29.9?9.7) cmH 2O, respectively; minimum voiding detrusor pressure was (61.3?27.5) cmH 2O, (33.9?14.1)cmH 2O and (22.1?12.5)cmH 2O,respectively;and maximum detrusor pressure was (113.0?42.1)cmH 2O,(55.8?14.9)cmH 2O and (38.4?11.3)cmH 2O,respectively.The detrusor function was normal or strong in 74.4% (29/39) of patients with BOO,27.8%(5/18) of patients with equivocal BOO and 26.7% (8/30) of patients without BOO.All these parameters of the BOO group were higher than those of the equivocal BOO group and non-BOO group (both P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and the safety of thulium laser vaporization enucleation of prostate(TVEP) combined with traditional transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) for therapy benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with its volume larger than 80 millilitres.Methods Twenty-five BPH patients (volume larger than 80 millilitres) underwent TVEP combined with TURP.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,enucleation time,cutting time,bladder irrigating time,catheterization time,perioperative and 6 months' follow-up data such as the international prostate symptom score,quality of life score,the maximum urinary flow rate,the residual urine volume and so on were observed.Results The operation time was (66 ± 26) min.The enucleation time was (25 ± 9) min.The cutting time was (32 ± 8) min.The intraoperative blood loss was (140 ± 25) ml.The bladder irrigation time was (3.0 ± 1.0) d.The catheterization time was (5.7 ± 1.0) d.After 6 months,the maximum urinary flow rate,residual urine volume,international prostate symptom score and quality of life score were improved:(18.7 ± 1.7) ml/s vs.(6.8 ± 1.7) ml/s,(18.9 ± 1.8) ml vs.(65.7 ±8.1) m1,(8.7 ± 1.6) scores vs.(25.7 ±4.3) scores,(1.7 ± 1.2) scores vs.(4.7 ± 1.1) scores,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Urethral stricture developed in 2 patients and epididymitis happened in 3 patients.No blood transfusion events and transurethral electric cutting syndrome occurred.Conclusion TVEP combined with TURP for therapy BPH larger than 80 millilitres is safe,and the incidence of complications is low.

BACKGROUND: Evidence from in vitro study indicates that bone marrow stromal cells and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells can different into chondrocytes.OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological changes of red bone marrow and periosteum allograft and its capability of chondrogenesis after transplantation in rabbits for repair of articular cartilage defects.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment with rabbits.SETTING: Department of Human AnatomY, Medical College of Yanbian University.MATERIALS: Fourteen Chinese rabbits of either sex with body mass of (2.15±0.30) kg.METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Yanbian University between April 2001 and February 2002. Full thickness articular cartilage defect of 3.0 mm×6.0 mm was produced in the rabbits on the patellar surface of the femur in the 28knee joints, which were then randomized to receive either transplantation with autologous red bone marrow and periosteum graft into the bone defect (20 knees) or no grafts (8 knees). The morphological changes of graft were evaluated 7 days and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the operation by gross,optical microscopic, and electron microscopic observations with also assistance of image analysis.drocyte area of two groups.RESULTS: In the 12th week after the operation, the morphology, distribution and arrangement of the regenerated tissues were similar to normal cartilage in the knees with graft transplantation, and the regenerated tissues grew to be integrated with the surrounding normal cartilage with obscure boundary between them. But the boundary between the bone defect and surrounding normal cartilage was clearly observed in the ungrafted knees,and most of the defect was replaced by fibroblasts and collagen fibers with only some small chondrocytes seen in the superficial layer. Microscopic observation in the 4th week revealed the presence of chondrocytes in the superficial layer of the graft, and imaging analysis displayed greater single cell surface in the grafted than in the ungrafted knees in the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks [(248.70±16.62) vs (168.23 ±6.14) μm2, (267.79±28.88) vs (172.93±17.18) μm2, (175.75±13.24) vs (145.35±13.54) μm2, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: The chondrogenesis in autologous complex tissue graft of red bone marrow and periosteum occurs 8 weeks after the operation, and the morphology, distribution and arrangement of the newly generated cells are similar to that of the normal cartilage, with good mutual compatibility and complementarity in the regeneration activity between the two graft tissues.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of GenoType? M TBDRsl for the resistance to fluoroquinolones anti‐tuberculosis drugs .Methods Systematic and comprehensive literature was searched in PubMed ,Embase ,Web of Science ,CBM , CNKI ,VIP and Wanfang database .The relative studies of GenoType? MTBDRsl to fluoroquinolones anti‐tuberculosis drugs were included .After quality assessment ,Meta‐Disc1 .4 software was used to analyze the data .Results A total of 16 trials ,involving 1 766 participants ,were included .The results of Meta‐analysis showed that the weighted sensitivity ,specificity ,positive likelihood ra‐tio ,negative likelihood ratio ,diagnostic odds ratio ,and the area under summary receiver operation curve were 0 .83 ,0 .96 ,17 .50 , 0 .20 ,108 .46 and 0 .934 9 ,respectively .Conclusion GenoType? M TBDRsl assay for the resistance to fluoroquinolones anti‐tuber‐culosis drugs might be with high sensitivity and specificity ,which could be recommended as efficacy diagnostic tool .

ObjectiveThrough the study of cervical lesions vagina inmage to investigate the micro-syndrome identified methods for cervical lesions. MethodsThrough the methods of retrospective study, collecting cases of HR-HPV infection (HC Ⅱ positive) and colposcopy detection, the objective evaluation of micro-syndrome differentiation was primarily established. ResultsRGB mode quantitative analysis for colposcopy images showed category 3 (the purple samples) occupied 44.4％, category 2 (the red samples)occupied 12.6％; category 1 (the white samples) occupied 43％. ConclusionsRGB mode quantitative analysis for colposcopy images was appropriate exploration of micro-differentiation in cervical lesions. There is a close relationship between traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and mucosai color differentiation by colposcopy.

Objective To evaluate the bladder functions by urodynamic studies in diabetic patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods Urodynamic studies were performed in 42 diabetic patients (24 men and 18 women;age range,38-78 years).The diabetic history of the patients was from 1 month to 25 years. Results Of the 41 cases who underwent all items of urodynamic examination,38 cases (93%) had abnormal findings and 3 (7%),normal.The detrusor was underactive in 14 cases (34%) and areflexia in 10 (24%);BOO was found in 13 (32%).One female patient had stress urinary incontinence. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of bladder dysfunction in diabetic patients with LUTS.It is necessary to perform urodynamic studies in diabetic patients before initiation of therapy,especially in patients who are assigned to undergo bladder and urethral surgery.Preoperative urodynamic studies can contribute to the surgical success rate.

Objective To establish a reconstructed human epidermis model in vitro, and to study the process of re-epithelialization. Methods A dermal substrate devoid of epidermis was prepared; a 2 mm skin biopsy explant was transplanted onto the dermal substrates. Visualization of epidermal cell migration was carried out by fluorescence imaging. The proliferation and differentiation of the new epithelial cells were observed using histopathological and immunohistochemical staining (Ki67). EGF was added to the culture medium of the experimental samples but not to that of the controls. Results After 3 days of culture, re-epithelialization was observed on the surface of the dermal substrate. A complete structure resembling regular epidermis was noted in 10 days. As compared to control samples, EGF-treated samples had larger area of re-epithelialization (t= 3.02, P

Objective:To understand the related factors of tic disorders(TD) and early intervention among schoolchildren.Methods:Using stratified-cluster random sampling techniques,4,020 children were selected from 61,836 schoolchildren in Daxing district of Beijing.Totally 4,020 children and their parents were asked to fill in a self-designed questionnaire covering both motor and vocal tics and general information.A three-stage procedure was used:screening,interview and clinical investigation.A total of 3,813 children were investigated successfully.The children who were reported with tic symptoms as well as those who were reported by their teachers or classmates were surveyed according to the TD criteria in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ).Eighty-six TD children were investigated respectively about the related factors of TD,and 86 healthy children matched in age,sex and grade were selected as controls.Telephone interview was carried out to find the doubtful TD cases in family members.Those people identified as having tics underwent a semistructured interview to determine whether they had TD according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria.Related risk factors of TD were investigated according to self-designed formulary medical history sheet. Results:Positive TD inheritance family history(7.0%),abdominal delivery style(36.0%),carbonate drink(10.5%),obesity(14.0%) and psychological stress were risk factors of TD(P<0.05).The multivariate analysis of variance indicated that inheritance family history,delivery style,dwelling environment,carbonate drink,parent-child relation,hobby,underachieve,self-care ability were closely related to the high incidence of TD (P<0.05).Conclusion:The occurrence of tic disorders may be related to multiple interacted factors.Early intervention is most important.

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of recombinanted retrovirus vector in gene therapy. METHODS: The retroviral vector pLXSN S was constructed and transferred into PA317 by means of electroporation, then HepG 2?RAW264.7 and EL 4 cells were infected with the pseudovirus produced from PA317, which highly expressed HBsAg . HBsAg expression was tested by RT PCR and ELISA. RESULTS: HBsAg was expressed variously in the eukaryotic cells mentioned above. HBsAg ( A value) of the cell supernatants (48 hours) were 0.92,0.53,0.42, respectively. CONCLUSION: The vector used in this study was an effective vector to carry genes of interest to target cells and macrophage, and high level HBsAg was expressed in antigen presenting cell such as macrophage, It indicated that plasmid immunity can induce the B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte response to hepatitis B virus surface antigen by stimulating macrophage. As a vector, it may be useful in the test for gene immunity and gene therapy.